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Record 20112025 · captured 2026-08-25

Thursday, 20 November 2025

The world looked up 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2025-11-19 Thursday, 20 November 2025 2025-11-21 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 362,031views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification

    The 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification decided the 45 teams that joined hosts Canada, Mexico, and the United States at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

  2. 337,437views

    2026 FIFA World Cup

    The 2026 FIFA World Cup was the 23rd FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's soccer championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament began on June 11, 2026, and concluded on July 19 with Spain winning

  3. 324,814views

    Google Chrome

    Google Chrome is a cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was launched in September 2008 for Microsoft Windows and was built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox. Versions for Linux, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and Android we

  4. 254,983views

    Epstein files

    The Epstein files are a partially released collection of millions of documents, images, videos, and emails related to the activities of American financier and convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, including his social circle of public figures, politici

  5. 230,440views

    Jeffrey Epstein

    Jeffrey Edward Epstein was an American financier and child sex offender. He began his career as a math teacher at the Dalton School in New York City, before entering the banking and finance sector. Over several decades, he made much of his fortune providing ta

  6. 222,406views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)

    The European section of the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification competition acted as qualifiers for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, that was held in Canada, Mexico and the United States, for national teams that were members of the Union of European Football Association

  7. 218,131views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)

    The inter-confederation play-offs of the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification tournament determined two qualification spots for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, played in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The play-offs took place on 26 and 31 March 2026 at two venue

  8. 209,158views

    Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) season 34

    Season thirty-four of Dancing with the Stars premiered on ABC and Disney+ on September 16, 2025, and concluded on December 2, 2025. This season, marking the twentieth anniversary of the series, was the third to air live on both networks simultaneously and the

  9. 171,857views

    Larry Summers

    Lawrence Henry Summers is an American economist. He served as the 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001, the 27th president of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006, and the eighth director of the National Economic Council from 2009 to

  10. 166,879views

    Princess Alexandrine of Prussia (1915–1980)

    Princess Alexandrine Irene of Prussia was the elder daughter and fifth child of Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, and Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Her grandparents were Wilhelm II, German Emperor and his wife Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, and Frederi

  11. 153,571views

    International Men's Day

    International Men's Day (IMD) is a global awareness day for many issues that men face, including abuse, homelessness, suicide, and violence, celebrated annually on 19 November. The objectives of celebrating an International Men's Day are set out in "All the Si

  12. 146,292views

    Ryan Wedding

    Ryan James Wedding is a Canadian former Olympic snowboarder and alleged drug lord. He represented Canada at the 2002 Winter Olympics in the men's parallel giant slalom event. After retiring from snowboarding, he allegedly became an international drug trafficke

  13. 143,446views

    Kessler Twins

    Alice and Ellen Kessler, usually credited as the Kessler Twins, were twin German singers, dancers and actresses who were popular in Europe, especially Germany and Italy, during the 1950s and 1960s.

  14. 137,158views

    Lists of deaths by year

    This is a list of lists of deaths of significant people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month and then linked below.

  15. 133,760views

    Jamal Khashoggi

    Jamal Ahmad Hamza Khashoggi was a Saudi journalist, dissident, author, columnist and editor. Khashoggi was assassinated at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 by agents of the Saudi government at the behest of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.

  16. 123,434views

    Curaçao

    Curaçao, officially the Country of Curaçao, is a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is an island country located in the southern Caribbean Sea, specifically the Dutch Caribbean region, about 65 km (40 mi) north of Venezuela and 80 km

  17. 121,944views

    Clay Higgins

    Glen Clay Higgins is an American politician and reserve law enforcement officer from the state of Louisiana. A Republican, Higgins is the U.S. representative for Louisiana's 3rd congressional district. The district, which contains much of the territory once re

  18. 120,333views

    Mohammed bin Salman

    Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud, also known as MbS, is the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, formally serving as Crown Prince and Prime Minister. He is the heir apparent to the Saudi throne, the son of King Salman, and the grandson of the nation's fou

  19. 120,293views

    Bruce Lee

    Bruce Lee was a Hong Kong and American martial artist, actor, and filmmaker. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy, which was formed from his experiences in unarmed fighting and self-defense—as well as eclectic, Zen Buddhist, and

  20. 118,121views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)

    The North, Central American and Caribbean section of the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification acted as the qualifiers for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, held in Canada, Mexico, and the United States, for national teams which were members of the Confederation of North,

  21. 117,581views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA second round

    The UEFA second round of the qualification tournament for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, also known as the UEFA play-offs or European play-offs, was contested by sixteen teams from the UEFA segment of qualifying. The play-offs determined the final four European team

  22. 110,674views

    Wicked: For Good

    Wicked: For Good is a 2025 musical fantasy film directed by Jon M. Chu and written by Winnie Holzman and Dana Fox. The sequel to Wicked (2024), it adapts the second act of the 2003 stage musical by Stephen Schwartz and Holzman, which was loosely based on Grego

  23. 109,105views

    1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

    Protests led by students and workers, known in China as the June Fourth Incident, were held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, from 15 April to 4 June 1989. After weeks of unsuccessful attempts between the demonstrators and the Chinese government to find a

  24. 105,560views

    Curaçao national football team

    The Curaçao national football team represents Curaçao in men's international football. The team is governed by the Federashon Futbòl Kòrsou.

  25. 101,078views

    James A. Garfield

    James Abram Garfield was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 1881 until his death in September that year after being shot in July. A preacher, lawyer, and Civil War general, Garfield served nine terms in the United States House of Repre

  26. 100,736views

    Dhurandhar

    Dhurandhar is a 2025 Indian Hindi-language spy action thriller film written and directed by Aditya Dhar. It is produced by Aditya Dhar, Lokesh Dhar and Jyoti Deshpande under Jio Studios and B62 Studios. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Ranveer

  27. 97,190views

    The Beast in Me (TV series)

    The Beast in Me is an American psychological crime thriller television miniseries for Netflix, starring Claire Danes and Matthew Rhys. Created by Gabe Rotter, the series follows an author (Danes) who begins writing a book about her new next-door neighbor (Rhys

  28. 88,737views

    Prince (musician)

    Prince Rogers Nelson was an American singer, songwriter, musician, dancer, actor, and filmmaker. Often credited as one of the greatest musicians of his generation, he pioneered the Minneapolis sound and was influential in the evolution of various other genres.

  29. 84,676views

    6-7

    6-7 was an Internet meme, slang term, and gesture that became popular in 2025 on TikTok and Instagram Reels. It has no fixed meaning.

  30. 83,003views

    Claire Danes

    Claire Catherine Danes is an American actor. Prolific in film and television since her teens, she is the recipient of three Primetime Emmy Awards and four Golden Globe Awards. In 2012 and 2026, Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,275points

    Nano Banana Pro

    685 comments

  2. 886points

    Android and iPhone users can now share files, starting with the Pixel 10

    558 comments

  3. 838points

    CBP is monitoring US drivers and detaining those with suspicious travel patterns

    885 comments

  4. 640points

    Microsoft makes Zork open-source

    242 comments

  5. 497points

    Red Alert 2 in web browser

    148 comments

  6. 384points

    Adversarial poetry as a universal single-turn jailbreak mechanism in LLMs

    189 comments

  7. 376points

    'Calvin and Hobbes' at 40

    149 comments

  8. 368points

    Firefox 147 Will Support the XDG Base Directory Specification

    155 comments

  9. 361points

    Interactive World History Atlas Since 3000 BC

    143 comments

  10. 336points

    Over-regulation is doubling the cost

    688 comments

  11. 315points

    New OS aims to provide (some) compatibility with macOS

    165 comments

  12. 244points

    PHP 8.5

    190 comments

  13. 229points

    France is taking state actions against GrapheneOS?

    112 comments

  14. 225points

    Ubuntu LTS releases to 15 years with Legacy add-on

    180 comments

  15. 222points

    Data-at-Rest Encryption in DuckDB

    26 comments

  16. 220points

    Basalt Woven Textile

    139 comments

  17. 216points

    NTSB Preliminary Report – UPS Boeing MD-11F Crash [pdf]

    228 comments

  18. 210points

    Verifying your Matrix devices is becoming mandatory

    242 comments

  19. 209points

    The Lions Operating System

    81 comments

  20. 206points

    The Banished Bottom of the Housing Market

    225 comments

  21. 204points

    Inside Rust's std and parking_lot mutexes – who wins?

    130 comments

  22. 180points

    Kagi Assistants

    116 comments

  23. 179points

    New Glenn Update

    147 comments

  24. 178points

    Building a Durable Execution Engine with SQLite

    54 comments

  25. 177points

    210 IQ Is Not Enough

    279 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2512.08945

    The Linguistic Architecture of Reflective Thought: Evaluation of a Large Language Model as a Tool to Isolate the Formal Structure of Mentalization

    Background: Mentalization integrates cognitive, affective, and intersubjective components. Large Language Models (LLMs) display an increasing ability to generate reflective texts, raising questions regarding the relationship between linguistic form and mental representation. This study assesses the extent to which a single LLM can reproduce the linguistic structure of mentalization according to the parameters of Ment

    Stefano Epifani, Giuliano Castigliego, Laura Kecskemeti, Giuliano Razzicchia et al.

  2. arXiv2512.05971

    A Multi-objective Optimization Approach for Feature Selection in Gentelligent Systems

    The integration of advanced technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), into manufacturing processes is attracting significant attention, paving the way for the development of intelligent systems that enhance efficiency and automation. This paper uses the term "Gentelligent system" to refer to systems that incorporate inherent component information (akin to genes in bioinformatics-where manufacturing operatio

    Mohammadhossein Ghahramani, Yan Qiao, NaiQi Wu, Mengchu Zhou

  3. arXiv2511.16856

    The use of vocal biomarkers in the detection of Parkinson's disease: a robust statistical performance comparison of classic machine learning models

    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that, in addition to directly impairing functional mobility, is frequently associated with vocal impairments such as hypophonia and dysarthria, which typically manifest in the early stages. The use of vocal biomarkers to support the early diagnosis of PD presents a non-invasive, low-cost, and accessible alternative in clinical settings. Thus, the ob

    Katia Pires Nascimento do Sacramento, Elliot Q. C. Garcia, Nicéias Silva Vilela, Vinicius P. Sacramento et al.

  4. arXiv2511.16854

    MRI Super-Resolution with Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey

    High-resolution (HR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for many clinical and research applications. However, achieving it remains costly and constrained by technical trade-offs and experimental limitations. Super-resolution (SR) presents a promising computational approach to overcome these challenges by generating HR images from more affordable low-resolution (LR) scans, potentially improving diagnostic acc

    Mohammad Khateri, Serge Vasylechko, Morteza Ghahremani, Liam Timms et al.

  5. arXiv2511.20687

    Hybrid coupling with operator inference and the overlapping Schwarz alternating method

    This paper presents a novel hybrid approach for coupling subdomain-local non-intrusive Operator Inference (OpInf) reduced order models (ROMs) with each other and with subdomain-local high-fidelity full order models (FOMs) with using the overlapping Schwarz alternating method (O-SAM). The proposed methodology addresses significant challenges in multiscale modeling and simulation, particularly the long runtime and comp

    Irina Tezaur, Eric Parish, Anthony Gruber, Ian Moore et al.

  6. arXiv2511.16848

    Sex and age determination in European lobsters using AI-Enhanced bioacoustics

    Monitoring aquatic species, especially elusive ones like lobsters, presents challenges. This study focuses on Homarus gammarus (European lobster), a key species for fisheries and aquaculture, and leverages non-invasive Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM). Understanding lobster habitats, welfare, reproduction, sex, and age is crucial for management and conservation. While bioacoustic emissions have classified various aq

    Feliciano Pedro Francisco Domingos, Isibor Kennedy Ihianle, Omprakash Kaiwartya, Ahmad Lotfi et al.

  7. arXiv2511.16846

    ConCISE: A Reference-Free Conciseness Evaluation Metric for LLM-Generated Answers

    Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate responses that are lengthy and verbose, filled with redundant or unnecessary details. This diminishes clarity and user satisfaction, and it increases costs for model developers, especially with well-known proprietary models that charge based on the number of output tokens. In this paper, we introduce a novel reference-free metric for evaluating the conciseness of respo

    Seyed Mohssen Ghafari, Ronny Kol, Juan C. Quiroz, Nella Luan et al.

  8. arXiv2511.16842

    Fantastic Bugs and Where to Find Them in AI Benchmarks

    Benchmarks are pivotal in driving AI progress, and invalid benchmark questions frequently undermine their reliability. Manually identifying and correcting errors among thousands of benchmark questions is not only infeasible but also a critical bottleneck for reliable evaluation. In this work, we introduce a framework for systematic benchmark revision that leverages statistical analysis of response patterns to flag po

    Sang Truong, Yuheng Tu, Michael Hardy, Anka Reuel et al.

  9. arXiv2511.21726

    Goal-Directed Search Outperforms Goal-Agnostic Memory Compression in Long-Context Memory Tasks

    How to enable human-like long-term memory in large language models (LLMs) has been a central question for unlocking more general capabilities such as few-shot generalization. Existing memory frameworks and benchmarks focus on finding the optimal memory compression algorithm for higher performance in tasks that require recollection and sometimes further reasoning. However, such efforts have ended up building more huma

    Yicong Zheng, Kevin L. McKee, Thomas Miconi, Zacharie Bugaud et al.

  10. arXiv2511.17663

    AI-based framework to predict animal and pen feed intake in feedlot beef cattle

    Advances in technology are transforming sustainable cattle farming practices, with electronic feeding systems generating big longitudinal datasets on individual animal feed intake, offering the possibility for autonomous precision livestock systems. However, the literature still lacks a methodology that fully leverages these longitudinal big data to accurately predict feed intake accounting for environmental conditio

    Alex S. C. Maia, John B. Hall, Hugo F. M. Milan, Izabelle A. M. A. Teixeira

  11. arXiv2511.16839

    Trajectory-guided discharge stratification for heart failure using short-context electronic health record sequence modeling

    Purpose: Heart failure (HF) discharge planning depends on identifying patients at risk of deterioration or death, yet accurate prediction from routinely collected electronic health records (EHRs) remains challenging. Methods: We develop trajectory-guided discharge stratification for heart failure (TGDS-HF), a methodology that reads the patient in-hospital trajectory of diagnoses, vital signs, laboratories, medication

    Falk Dippel, Yinan Yu, Annika Rosengren, Martin Lindgren et al.

  12. arXiv2511.16837

    Cognitive BASIC: An In-Model Interpreted Reasoning Language for LLMs

    Cognitive BASIC is a minimal, BASIC-style prompting language and in-model interpreter that structures large language model (LLM) reasoning into explicit, stepwise execution traces. Inspired by the simplicity of retro BASIC, we repurpose numbered lines and simple commands as an interpretable cognitive control layer. Modern LLMs can reliably simulate such short programs, enabling transparent multi-step reasoning inside

    Oliver Kramer

  13. arXiv2511.16828

    ManifoldFormer: Geometric Deep Learning for Neural Dynamics on Riemannian Manifolds

    Existing EEG foundation models mainly treat neural signals as generic time series in Euclidean space, ignoring the intrinsic geometric structure of neural dynamics that constrains brain activity to low-dimensional manifolds. This fundamental mismatch between model assumptions and neural geometry limits representation quality and cross-subject generalization. ManifoldFormer addresses this limitation through a novel ge

    Yihang Fu, Lifang He, Qingyu Chen

  14. arXiv2511.21725

    PromptTailor: Multi-turn Intent-Aligned Prompt Synthesis for Lightweight LLMs

    Lightweight language models remain attractive for on-device and privacy-sensitive applications, but their responses are highly sensitive to prompt quality. For open-ended generation, non-expert users often lack the knowledge or time to consistently craft high-quality prompts, leading them to rely on prompt optimization tools. However, a key challenge is ensuring the optimized prompts genuinely align with users' origi

    Yizhou Xu, Janet Davis

  15. arXiv2511.16825

    WorldGen: From Text to Traversable and Interactive 3D Worlds

    We introduce WorldGen, a system that enables the automatic creation of large-scale, interactive 3D worlds directly from text prompts. Our approach transforms natural language descriptions into traversable, fully textured environments that can be immediately explored or edited within standard game engines. By combining LLM-driven scene layout reasoning, procedural generation, diffusion-based 3D generation, and object-

    Dilin Wang, Hyunyoung Jung, Tom Monnier, Kihyuk Sohn et al.

  16. arXiv2511.16823

    Monte Carlo Expected Threat (MOCET) Scoring

    Evaluating and measuring AI Safety Level (ASL) threats are crucial for guiding stakeholders to implement safeguards that keep risks within acceptable limits. ASL-3+ models present a unique risk in their ability to uplift novice non-state actors, especially in the realm of biosecurity. Existing evaluation metrics, such as LAB-Bench, BioLP-bench, and WMDP, can reliably assess model uplift and domain knowledge. However,

    Joseph Kim, Saahith Potluri

  17. arXiv2511.16822

    A Robust Federated Learning Approach for Combating Attacks Against IoT Systems Under non-IID Challenges

    In the context of the growing proliferation of user devices and the concurrent surge in data volumes, the complexities arising from the substantial increase in data have posed formidable challenges to conventional machine learning model training. Particularly, this is evident within resource-constrained and security-sensitive environments such as those encountered in networks associated with the Internet of Things (I

    Eyad Gad, Zubair Md Fadlullah, Mostafa M. Fouda

  18. arXiv2511.16814

    Stable diffusion models reveal a persisting human and AI gap in visual creativity

    While recent research suggests Large Language Models match human creative performance in divergent thinking tasks, visual creativity remains underexplored. This study compared image generation in human participants (Visual Artists and Non Artists) and using an image generation AI model (two prompting conditions with varying human input: high for Human Inspired, low for Self Guided). Human raters (N=255) and GPT4o eva

    Silvia Rondini, Claudia Alvarez-Martin, Paula Angermair-Barkai, Olivier Penacchio et al.

  19. arXiv2511.16807

    Mesh RAG: Retrieval Augmentation for Autoregressive Mesh Generation

    3D meshes are a critical building block for applications ranging from industrial design and gaming to simulation and robotics. Traditionally, meshes are crafted manually by artists, a process that is time-intensive and difficult to scale. To automate and accelerate this asset creation, autoregressive models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for artistic mesh generation. However, current methods to enhance quality t

    Xiatao Sun, Chen Liang, Qian Wang, Daniel Rakita

  20. arXiv2512.02037

    Statistical Arbitrage in Polish Equities Market Using Deep Learning Techniques

    We study a systematic approach to a popular Statistical Arbitrage technique: Pairs Trading. Instead of relying on two highly correlated assets, we replace the second asset with a replication of the first using risk factor representations. These factors are obtained through Principal Components Analysis (PCA), exchange traded funds (ETFs), and, as our main contribution, Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTMs). Residua

    Marek Adamczyk, Michał Dąbrowski

  21. arXiv2511.17660

    Frugality in second-order optimization: floating-point approximations for Newton's method

    Minimizing loss functions is central to machine-learning training. Although first-order methods dominate practical applications, higher-order techniques such as Newton's method can deliver greater accuracy and faster convergence, yet are often avoided due to their computational cost. This work analyzes the impact of finite-precision arithmetic on Newton steps and establishes a convergence theorem for mixed-precision

    Giuseppe Carrino, Elena Loli Piccolomini, Elisa Riccietti, Theo Mary

  22. arXiv2511.16786

    Revisiting Multimodal KV Cache Compression: A Frequency-Domain-Guided Outlier-KV-Aware Approach

    Multimodal large language models suffer from substantial inference overhead since multimodal KV Cache grows proportionally with the visual input length. Existing multimodal KV Cache compression methods mostly rely on attention score to reduce cache size, which makes them are incompatible with established efficient attention kernels (e.g., FlashAttention) and ignores the contribution of value vectors to the attention

    Yaoxin Yang, Peng Ye, Xudong Tan, Chongjun Tu et al.

  23. arXiv2511.16783

    Generative Augmented Reality: Paradigms, Technologies, and Future Applications

    This paper introduces Generative Augmented Reality (GAR) as a next-generation paradigm that reframes augmentation as a process of world re-synthesis rather than world composition by a conventional AR engine. GAR replaces the conventional AR engine's multi-stage modules with a unified generative backbone, where environmental sensing, virtual content, and interaction signals are jointly encoded as conditioning inputs f

    Chen Liang, Jiawen Zheng, Yufeng Zeng, Yi Tan et al.

  24. arXiv2511.17658

    Predicting Healthcare Provider Engagement in SMS Campaigns

    As digital communication grows in importance when connecting with healthcare providers, traditional behavioral and content message features are imbued with renewed significance. If one is to meaningfully connect with them, it is crucial to understand what drives them to engage and respond. In this study, the authors analyzed several million text messages sent through the Impiricus platform to learn which factors infl

    Daanish Aleem Qureshi, Rafay Chaudhary, Kok Seng Tan, Or Maoz et al.

  25. arXiv2511.16757

    Revisiting Audio-language Pretraining for Learning General-purpose Audio Representation

    Audio-language pretraining (ALP) holds promise for learning general-purpose audio representation, yet remains underexplored. Crucially, there is no consensus on whether audio-language models can build effective general-purpose audio encoders, nor a systematic understanding of how pretraining objectives behave across diverse tasks and scales. We identify three key barriers: limited scale of audio-text corpora, limited

    Wei-Cheng Tseng, Xuanru Zhou, Mingyue Huo, Yiwen Shao et al.

On this calendar day 13

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2003year

    Suicide bombers blew up the British consulate and the headquarters of HSBC Bank in Istanbul, killing 31 people, including consul general Roger Short and actor Kerem Yılmazer.

  2. 1994year

    In accordance with the Lusaka Protocol, the Angolan government signed a ceasefire with UNITA rebels in a failed attempt to end the Angolan Civil War.

  3. 1991year

    First Nagorno-Karabakh War: An Azerbaijani military helicopter carrying a peacekeeping mission team was shot down in Nagorno-Karabakh, disrupting ongoing peace talks.

  4. 1990year

    Andrei Chikatilo, one of the Soviet Union's most prolific serial killers, was arrested in Novocherkassk.

  5. 1985year

    Windows 1.0, the first version of Microsoft Windows available to the public, was released.

  6. 1979year

    Armed insurgents attacked and took over the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, declaring that one of their leaders was the Mahdi, the prophesied redeemer of Islam.

  7. 1969year

    A group of Native American activists began a 19-month occupation (graffiti pictured) of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay.

  8. 1947year

    Princess Elizabeth, daughter of King George VI, married Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, who was given the title Duke of Edinburgh.

  9. 1945year

    The Nuremberg trials (defendants pictured) of 24 leading Nazis involved in the Holocaust and various war crimes during World War II began in Nuremberg, Germany.

  10. 1917year

    First World War: The Battle of Cambrai began with British forces having initial success over Germany's Hindenburg Line.

  11. 1820year

    The American whaleship Essex sank 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) west of the western coast of South America after it was attacked by a sperm whale, an event which inspired the novel Moby-Dick by Herman Melville (pictured).

  12. 1776year

    American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Fort Lee saw the invasion of New Jersey by British and Hessian forces and the subsequent general retreat of the Continental Army.

  13. 1739year

    War of Jenkins' Ear: A British naval force arrived at the settlement of Portobello in the Spanish Main, capturing it the next day.