28081999.me

Record 21112025 · captured 2026-08-25

Friday, 21 November 2025

The world looked up Google Chrome. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2025-11-20 Friday, 21 November 2025 2025-11-22 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 306,371views

    Google Chrome

    Google Chrome is a cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was launched in September 2008 for Microsoft Windows and was built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox. Versions for Linux, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and Android we

  2. 218,609views

    Epstein files

    The Epstein files are a partially released collection of millions of documents, images, videos, and emails related to the activities of American financier and convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, including his social circle of public figures, politici

  3. 210,423views

    Ryan Wedding

    Ryan James Wedding is a Canadian former Olympic snowboarder and alleged drug lord. He represented Canada at the 2002 Winter Olympics in the men's parallel giant slalom event. After retiring from snowboarding, he allegedly became an international drug trafficke

  4. 209,167views

    Jeffrey Epstein

    Jeffrey Edward Epstein was an American financier and child sex offender. He began his career as a math teacher at the Dalton School in New York City, before entering the banking and finance sector. Over several decades, he made much of his fortune providing ta

  5. 199,479views

    Mani (musician)

    Gary Mounfield, known professionally as Mani, was an English bassist, best known for being a member of the rock bands the Stone Roses and Primal Scream.

  6. 194,474views

    Dick Cheney

    Richard Bruce Cheney was an American politician and businessman who served as the 46th vice president of the United States under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2009. Considered the main architect of the Iraq War, Cheney has been called the most powerful

  7. 176,020views

    2026 FIFA World Cup

    The 2026 FIFA World Cup was the 23rd FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's soccer championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament began on June 11, 2026, and concluded on July 19 with Spain winning

  8. 168,170views

    Tom Read Wilson

    Thomas Read Wilson is an English television presenter, author, actor and singer. He is best known as the client coordinator on the E4 reality television series; Celebs Go Dating. In 2021, he was the runner-up on Celebrity Best Home Cook. In 2025, he was the ru

  9. 159,886views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification

    The 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification decided the 45 teams that joined hosts Canada, Mexico, and the United States at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

  10. 137,262views

    Lists of deaths by year

    This is a list of lists of deaths of significant people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month and then linked below.

  11. 130,321views

    Wicked: For Good

    Wicked: For Good is a 2025 musical fantasy film directed by Jon M. Chu and written by Winnie Holzman and Dana Fox. The sequel to Wicked (2024), it adapts the second act of the 2003 stage musical by Stephen Schwartz and Holzman, which was loosely based on Grego

  12. 123,851views

    Larry Summers

    Lawrence Henry Summers is an American economist. He served as the 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001, the 27th president of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006, and the eighth director of the National Economic Council from 2009 to

  13. 123,031views

    Bruce Lee

    Bruce Lee was a Hong Kong and American martial artist, actor, and filmmaker. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy, which was formed from his experiences in unarmed fighting and self-defense—as well as eclectic, Zen Buddhist, and

  14. 121,064views

    Vogue Williams

    Vogue Williams is an Irish media personality, presenter and model. After appearing on the reality series Fade Street (2010–2011), she went on to participate in the Australian version of Dancing with the Stars in 2012, as well as appearing on Stepping Out in 20

  15. 118,225views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)

    The European section of the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification competition acted as qualifiers for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, that was held in Canada, Mexico and the United States, for national teams that were members of the Union of European Football Association

  16. 107,994views

    Lainey Wilson

    Lainey Denay Wilson is an American country singer-songwriter and actress. She performed at an early age, before going to Nashville to pursue a career as a pop music performer. In 2014, she released her first album on Cupit, followed by a second on Lone Chief i

  17. 101,604views

    Nuremberg trials

    The Nuremberg trials were international criminal trials held by France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States against leaders of defeated Nazi Germany for plotting and carrying out invasions of several countries across Europe and committi

  18. 101,486views

    Nitish Kumar

    Nitish Kumar is an Indian politician from Bihar. He is currently serving as a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha. The national president of the Janata Dal (United), he was the longest serving Chief Minister of Bihar, serving briefly in 2000, from 2005 to

  19. 100,084views

    Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick

    Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick is an American politician and businesswoman who served as the U.S. representative for Florida's 20th congressional district from 2022 until her resignation in 2026. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

  20. 96,219views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA second round

    The UEFA second round of the qualification tournament for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, also known as the UEFA play-offs or European play-offs, was contested by sixteen teams from the UEFA segment of qualifying. The play-offs determined the final four European team

  21. 95,947views

    Cynthia Erivo

    Cynthia Erivo is a British actress and singer. Known for her work on both stage and screen, she is the recipient of several accolades and one of few individuals nominated for an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony Award (EGOT), winning all but the Oscar. Eriv

  22. 94,991views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)

    The inter-confederation play-offs of the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification tournament determined two qualification spots for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, played in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The play-offs took place on 26 and 31 March 2026 at two venue

  23. 94,471views

    Miss Universe 2025

    Miss Universe 2025 was the 74th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Impact Challenger Hall in Pak Kret, Nonthaburi, Thailand, on 21 November 2025.

  24. 90,330views

    James A. Garfield

    James Abram Garfield was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 1881 until his death in September that year after being shot in July. A preacher, lawyer, and Civil War general, Garfield served nine terms in the United States House of Repre

  25. 88,455views

    Company

    A company is a legal entity representing an association of legal persons with a shared objective, such as generating profit or benefiting society. Depending on the jurisdiction, companies can take on various forms, including voluntary associations, nonprofit o

  26. 87,547views

    The Hunger Games: Sunrise on the Reaping

    The Hunger Games: Sunrise on the Reaping is an upcoming American dystopian film directed by Francis Lawrence from a screenplay by Billy Ray and Michael Lesslie. Based on the 2025 novel Sunrise on the Reaping by Suzanne Collins, it serves as both a sequel to Th

  27. 86,603views

    Stephen Wilson Jr.

    Stephen Wilson Jr. is an American country and rock singer, guitarist, and songwriter.

  28. 86,549views

    The Beast in Me (TV series)

    The Beast in Me is an American psychological crime thriller television miniseries for Netflix, starring Claire Danes and Matthew Rhys. Created by Gabe Rotter, the series follows an author (Danes) who begins writing a book about her new next-door neighbor (Rhys

  29. 86,320views

    Wicked (2024 film)

    Wicked, is a 2024 American musical fantasy film directed by Jon M. Chu and written by Winnie Holzman and Dana Fox. It adapts the first act of the 2003 stage musical by Stephen Schwartz and Holzman, which was loosely based on Gregory Maguire's 1995 novel, a re-

  30. 81,165views

    Ariana Grande

    Ariana Grande-Butera is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Known for her four-octave vocal range, which extends into the whistle register, she is an influential figure in popular music. Publications such as Rolling Stone and Billboard have deemed Gra

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 859points

    Helping Valve to power up Steam devices

    315 comments

  2. 676points

    Show HN: Wealthfolio 2.0- Open source investment tracker. Now Mobile and Docker

    215 comments

  3. 676points

    We Induced Smells With Ultrasound

    184 comments

  4. 659points

    Personal blogs are back, should niche blogs be next?

    389 comments

  5. 522points

    A time-travelling door bug in Half Life 2

    86 comments

  6. 489points

    We should all be using dependency cooldowns

    272 comments

  7. 486points

    How a French judge was digitally cut off by the USA

    544 comments

  8. 390points

    Olmo 3: Charting a path through the model flow to lead open-source AI

    125 comments

  9. 351points

    Arduino published updated terms and conditions: no longer an open commons

    107 comments

  10. 320points

    You can make PS2 games in JavaScript

    77 comments

  11. 306points

    Prozac 'no better than placebo' for treating children with depression, experts

    514 comments

  12. 296points

    Homeschooling hits record numbers

    830 comments

  13. 264points

    HP and Dell disable HEVC support built into their laptops' CPUs

    157 comments

  14. 246points

    California DMV approves map increase in Waymo driverless operations

    161 comments

  15. 243points

    Making a Small RPG

    38 comments

  16. 241points

    LAPD helicopter tracker with real-time operating costs

    304 comments

  17. 237points

    It's hard to build an oscillator

    88 comments

  18. 230points

    FAWK: LLMs can write a language interpreter

    188 comments

  19. 225points

    McDonald's is losing its low-income customers

    568 comments

  20. 217points

    How Cops Are Using Flock's ALPR Network to Surveil Protesters and Activists

    87 comments

  21. 216points

    Show HN: OCR Arena – A playground for OCR models

    63 comments

  22. 215points

    Solving Fizz Buzz with Cosines

    65 comments

  23. 214points

    Discontinuation of ARM Notebook with Snapdragon X Elite SoC

    163 comments

  24. 201points

    XBMC 4.0 for the Original Xbox

    92 comments

  25. 197points

    How I learned Vulkan and wrote a small game engine with it (2024)

    104 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2511.17844

    Less is More: Data-Efficient Adaptation for Controllable Text-to-Video Generation

    Fine-tuning large-scale text-to-video diffusion models to add new generative controls, such as those over physical camera parameters (e.g., shutter speed or aperture), typically requires vast, high-fidelity datasets that are difficult to acquire. In this work, we propose a data-efficient fine-tuning strategy that learns these controls from sparse, low-quality synthetic data. We show that not only does fine-tuning on

    Shihan Cheng, Nilesh Kulkarni, David Hyde, Dmitriy Smirnov

  2. arXiv2511.21742

    EduMod-LLM: A Modular Approach for Designing Flexible and Transparent Educational Assistants

    With the growing use of Large Language Model (LLM)-based Question-Answering (QA) systems in education, it is critical to evaluate their performance across individual pipeline components. In this work, we introduce {\model}, a modular function-calling LLM pipeline, and present a comprehensive evaluation along three key axes: function calling strategies, retrieval methods, and generative language models. Our framework

    Meenakshi Mittal, Rishi Khare, Mihran Miroyan, Chancharik Mitra et al.

  3. arXiv2511.17833

    Learning to Debug: LLM-Organized Knowledge Trees for Solving RTL Assertion Failures

    Debugging is the dominant cost in modern hardware verification, where assertion failures are among the most frequent and expensive to resolve. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise, they often fail to capture the precise, reusable expertise that engineers apply, leading to inaccurate responses. We propose GROVE, a hierarchical knowledge management framework that learns and organizes reusable debugging exper

    Yunsheng Bai, Haoxing Ren

  4. arXiv2511.17829

    Unified Class and Domain Incremental Learning with Mixture of Experts for Indoor Localization

    Indoor localization using machine learning has gained traction due to the growing demand for location-based services. However, its long-term reliability is hindered by hardware/software variations across mobile devices, which shift the model's input distribution to create domain shifts. Further, evolving indoor environments can introduce new locations over time, expanding the output space to create class shifts, maki

    Akhil Singampalli, Sudeep Pasricha

  5. arXiv2511.17828

    Toward explainable AI approaches for breast imaging: adapting foundation models to diverse populations

    Foundation models hold promise for specialized medical imaging tasks, though their effectiveness in breast imaging remains underexplored. This study leverages BiomedCLIP as a foundation model to address challenges in model generalization. BiomedCLIP was adapted for automated BI-RADS breast density classification using multi-modality mammographic data (synthesized 2D images, digital mammography, and digital breast tom

    Guilherme J. Cavalcante, José Gabriel A. Moreira, Gabriel A. B. do Nascimento, Vincent Dong et al.

  6. arXiv2511.17818

    APRIL: Annotations for Policy evaluation with Reliable Inference from LLMs

    Off-policy evaluation (OPE) estimates the value of a contextual bandit policy prior to deployment. As such, OPE plays a critical role in ensuring safety in high-stakes domains such as healthcare. However, standard OPE approaches are limited by the size and coverage of the behavior dataset. While previous work has explored using expert-labeled counterfactual annotations to enhance dataset coverage, obtaining such anno

    Aishwarya Mandyam, Kalyani Limaye, Barbara E. Engelhardt, Emily Alsentzer

  7. arXiv2511.17813

    Point of Order: Action-Aware LLM Persona Modeling for Data-Grounded Civic Deliberation

    LLM-based simulations can enable controlled studies of civic deliberation, but current systems lack speaker-attributed data and methods for evaluating long-form institutional behavior. ASR transcripts typically use anonymous labels such as $Speaker\_1$, preventing models from learning stable participant behavior across meetings. We present a reproducible pipeline that converts public Zoom recordings into speaker-attr

    Scott Merrill, Shashank Srivastava

  8. arXiv2511.17812

    Score-Regularized Joint Sampling with Importance Weights for Flow Matching

    Flow matching models effectively represent complex distributions, yet estimating expectations of functions of their outputs remains challenging under limited sampling budgets. Independent sampling often yields high-variance estimates, especially when rare but high-impact outcomes dominate the expectation. We propose a non-IID sampling framework that jointly draws multiple samples to cover diverse, salient regions of

    Xinshuang Liu, Runfa Blark Li, Shaoxiu Wei, Truong Nguyen

  9. arXiv2511.17806

    REXO: Indoor Multi-View Radar Object Detection via 3D Bounding Box Diffusion

    Multi-view indoor radar perception has drawn attention due to its cost-effectiveness and low privacy risks. Existing methods often rely on {implicit} cross-view radar feature association, such as proposal pairing in RFMask or query-to-feature cross-attention in RETR, which can lead to ambiguous feature matches and degraded detection in complex indoor scenes. To address these limitations, we propose \textbf{REXO} (mul

    Ryoma Yataka, Pu Perry Wang, Petros Boufounos, Ryuhei Takahashi

  10. arXiv2511.17805

    A Stitch in Time: Learning Procedural Workflow via Self-Supervised Plackett-Luce Ranking

    Procedural activities, ranging from routine cooking to complex surgical operations, are highly structured sequences of actions performed in a specific temporal order. Despite the success of current self-supervised learning (SSL) methods on static images and short clips, these models often overlook the underlying sequential structure of such activities. We expose this lack of procedural awareness with a motivating exp

    Chengan Che, Chao Wang, Xinyue Chen, Sophia Tsoka et al.

  11. arXiv2511.17803

    Pillar-0: A New Frontier for Radiology Foundation Models

    Radiology plays an integral role in modern medicine, yet rising imaging volumes have far outpaced workforce growth. Foundation models offer a path toward assisting with the full spectrum of radiology tasks, but existing medical models remain limited: they process volumetric CT and MRI as low-fidelity 2D slices, discard critical grayscale contrast information, and lack evaluation frameworks that reflect real clinical

    Kumar Krishna Agrawal, Longchao Liu, Long Lian, Michael Nercessian et al.

  12. arXiv2512.04097

    MultiGA: Leveraging Multi-Source Seeding in Genetic Algorithms

    In this paper, we introduce, MultiGA, an optimization framework which applies genetic algorithm principles to address complex natural language tasks and reasoning problems by sampling from a diverse population of LLMs to initialize the population of candidate solutions. MultiGA generates a range of outputs from various parent LLMs and uses a neutral fitness function to evaluate them. Through an iterative recombinatio

    Isabelle Diana May-Xin Ng, Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya, Haitao Zhu, Wei Wei

  13. arXiv2511.21740

    A cross-species neural foundation model for end-to-end speech decoding

    Speech brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aim to restore communication for people with paralysis by translating neural activity into text. Most systems use cascaded frameworks that decode phonemes before assembling sentences with an n-gram language model (LM), preventing joint optimization of all stages simultaneously. Here, we introduce an end-to-end BraIn-to-Text (BIT) framework that translates neural activity into c

    Yizi Zhang, Linyang He, Chaofei Fan, Tingkai Liu et al.

  14. arXiv2511.17775

    Episodic Memory in Agentic Frameworks: Suggesting Next Tasks

    Agentic frameworks powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) can be useful tools in scientific workflows by enabling human-AI co-creation. A key challenge is recommending the next steps during workflow creation without relying solely on LLMs, which risk hallucination and require fine-tuning with scarce proprietary data. We propose an episodic memory architecture that stores and retrieves past workflows to guide agents

    Sandro Rama Fiorini, Leonardo G. Azevedo, Raphael M. Thiago, Valesca M. de Sousa et al.

  15. arXiv2511.17753

    $Δ$-ML Ensembles for Selecting Quantum Chemistry Methods to Compute Intermolecular Interactions

    Ab initio quantum chemical methods for accurately computing interactions between molecules have a wide range of applications but are often computationally expensive. Hence, selecting an appropriate method based on accuracy and computational cost remains a significant challenge due to varying performance of methods. In this work, we propose a framework based on an ensemble of $Δ$-ML models trained on features extracte

    Austin M. Wallace, C. David Sherrill, Giri P. Krishnan

  16. arXiv2511.19466

    SG-OIF: A Stability-Guided Online Influence Framework for Reliable Vision Data

    Approximating training-point influence on test predictions is critical for deploying deep-learning vision models, essential for locating noisy data. Though the influence function was proposed for attributing how infinitesimal up-weighting or removal of individual training examples affects model outputs, its implementation is still challenging in deep-learning vision models: inverse-curvature computations are expensiv

    Penghao Rao, Runmin Jiang, Min Xu

  17. arXiv2511.19465

    Hidden markov model to predict tourists visited place

    Nowadays, social networks are becoming a popular way of analyzing tourist behavior, thanks to the digital traces left by travelers during their stays on these networks. The massive amount of data generated; by the propensity of tourists to share comments and photos during their trip; makes it possible to model their journeys and analyze their behavior. Predicting the next movement of tourists plays a key role in tour

    Theo Demessance, Chongke Bi, Sonia Djebali, Guillaume Guerard

  18. arXiv2511.17747

    AEGIS: Preserving privacy of 3D Facial Avatars with Adversarial Perturbations

    The growing adoption of photorealistic 3D facial avatars, particularly those utilizing efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting representations, introduces new risks of online identity theft, especially in systems that rely on biometric authentication. While effective adversarial masking methods have been developed for 2D images, a significant gap remains in achieving robust, viewpoint-consistent identity protection for dynam

    Dawid Wolkiewicz, Anastasiya Pechko, Przemysław Spurek, Piotr Syga

  19. arXiv2511.17743

    AI- and Ontology-Based Enhancements to FMEA for Advanced Systems Engineering: Current Developments and Future Directions

    This article presents a state-of-the-art review of recent advances aimed at transforming traditional Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) into a more intelligent, data-driven, and semantically enriched process. As engineered systems grow in complexity, conventional FMEA methods, largely manual, document-centric, and expert-dependent, have become increasingly inadequate for addressing the demands of modern systems

    Haytham Younus, Sohag Kabir, Felician Campean, Pascal Bonnaud et al.

  20. arXiv2511.19464

    Temperature in SLMs: Impact on Incident Categorization in On-Premises Environments

    SOCs and CSIRTs face increasing pressure to automate incident categorization, yet the use of cloud-based LLMs introduces costs, latency, and confidentiality risks. We investigate whether locally executed SLMs can meet this challenge. We evaluated 21 models ranging from 1B to 20B parameters, varying the temperature hyperparameter and measuring execution time and precision across two distinct architectures. The results

    Marcio Pohlmann, Alex Severo, Gefté Almeida, Diego Kreutz et al.

  21. arXiv2511.17729

    M^3-Bench: Multi-Modal, Multi-Hop, Multi-Threaded Tool-Using MLLM Agent Benchmark

    We present M^3-Bench, the first benchmark for evaluating multimodal tool use under the Model Context Protocol. The benchmark targets realistic, multi-hop and multi-threaded workflows that require visual grounding and textual reasoning, cross-tool dependencies, and persistence of intermediate resources across steps. We introduce a similarity-driven alignment that serializes each tool call, embeds signatures with a sen

    Yang Zhou, Mingyu Zhao, Zhenting Wang, Difei Gu et al.

  22. arXiv2511.17728

    Ternary Gamma Semirings as a Novel Algebraic Framework for Learnable Symbolic Reasoning

    Binary semirings such as the tropical, log, and probability semirings form a core algebraic tool in classical and modern neural inference systems, supporting tasks like Viterbi decoding, dynamic programming, and probabilistic reasoning. However, these structures rely on a binary multiplication operator and therefore model only pairwise interactions. Many symbolic AI tasks are inherently triadic, including subject-pre

    Chandrasekhar Gokavarapu, D. Madhusudhana Rao

  23. arXiv2511.17714

    Learning the Value of Value Learning

    Standard decision frameworks address uncertainty about facts but assume fixed options and values. We extend the Jeffrey-Bolker framework to model refinements in values and prove a value-of-information theorem for axiological refinement. In multi-agent settings, we establish that mutual refinement will characteristically transform zero-sum games into positive-sum interactions and yield Pareto-improvements in Nash barg

    Alex John London, Aydin Mohseni

  24. arXiv2511.21739

    The Rapid Growth of AI Foundation Model Usage in Science

    We present the first large-scale analysis of AI foundation model usage in science - not just citations or keywords. We find that adoption has grown rapidly, at nearly-exponential rates, with the highest uptake in Linguistics, Computer Science, and Engineering. Vision models are the most used foundation models in science, although language models' share is growing. Open-weight models dominate. As AI builders increase

    Ana Trišović, Alex Fogelson, Janakan Sivaloganathan, Neil Thompson

  25. arXiv2511.17699

    Understanding Counting Mechanisms in Large Language and Vision-Language Models

    Counting is one of the fundamental abilities of large language models (LLMs) and large vision-language models (LVLMs). This paper examines how these foundation models represent and compute numerical information in counting tasks. We use controlled experiments with repeated textual and visual items and analyze counting in LLMs and LVLMs through a set of behavioral, observational, and causal mediation analyses. To this

    Hosein Hasani, Amirmohammad Izadi, Fatemeh Askari, Mobin Bagherian et al.

On this calendar day 18

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2015year

    The Belgian government imposed a four-day security lockdown in Brussels based on information about potential terrorist attacks.

  2. 2012year

    A remote-controlled bomb exploded on a bus in Tel Aviv, Israel, injuring at least 28 people on board.

  3. 2009year

    An explosion in a coal mine in Heilongjiang, China, killed 108 miners.

  4. 1980year

    A fire broke out at the MGM Grand Hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, killing 85 people and injuring 650 others.

  5. 1977year

    "God Defend New Zealand" became New Zealand's second national anthem, on equal standing with "God Save the King", which had been the traditional anthem since 1840.

  6. 1974year

    Bombs exploded in two pubs in central Birmingham, England, killing 21 people and leading to the imprisonment of six people who were later exonerated.

  7. 1970year

    Vietnam War: American forces raided the North Vietnamese Sơn Tây prison camp in an attempt to rescue 61 American POWs who were thought to be held there.

  8. 1964year

    The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, connecting Staten Island and Brooklyn in New York City, opened to traffic as the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time.

  9. 1961year

    La Ronde (pictured), the first revolving restaurant in the United States, was inaugurated.

  10. 1959year

    American disc jockey Alan Freed (pictured), who popularized the term rock and roll, was fired from WABC-AM for his role in the payola scandal.

  11. 1950year

    Two trains collided near Valemount, Canada, killing 21 people; the subsequent trial brought future prime minister John Diefenbaker to greater political attention.

  12. 1945year

    Manzanar (pictured), a camp in California for the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II, was closed.

  13. 1922year

    Rebecca Latimer Felton became the first woman to serve in the United States Senate, albeit for only one day.

  14. 1920year

    Irish War of Independence: On Bloody Sunday in Dublin, the IRA assassinated a group of British intelligence agents, and British forces killed 14 civilians at a Gaelic football match at Croke Park.

  15. 1894year

    First Sino-Japanese War: After capturing the Chinese city of Port Arthur, the Japanese army began a massacre of the city's soldiers and civilians.

  16. 1877year

    Thomas Edison announced his invention of the phonograph, a device able to record and play sound.

  17. 1620year

    The Mayflower Compact, the first governing document of the Plymouth Colony, was signed by 41 of the Mayflower's passengers while the ship was anchored in what is now Provincetown Harbor.

  18. 1386year

    Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur captured and sacked the Georgian capital Tbilisi and forced King Bagrat V to convert to Islam.