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Record 09112025 · captured 2026-08-25

Sunday, 9 November 2025

The world looked up Zohran Mamdani. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2025-11-08 Sunday, 9 November 2025 2025-11-10 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 427,987views

    Zohran Mamdani

    Zohran Kwame Mamdani is an American politician who has served since 2026 as the 112th mayor of New York City. A member of the Democratic Party and the Democratic Socialists of America, he represented the 36th district in the New York State Assembly from 2021 t

  2. 362,761views

    Frankenstein (2025 film)

    Frankenstein is a 2025 American Gothic science fiction horror film written, co-produced, and directed by Guillermo del Toro, based on the 1818 novel by Mary Shelley. The film stars Oscar Isaac as Victor Frankenstein and Jacob Elordi as the Creature, with Mia G

  3. 328,167views

    Pluribus (TV series)

    Pluribus is an American post-apocalyptic science fiction television series created by Vince Gilligan for Apple TV. Set and filmed primarily in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the series follows novelist Carol Sturka, who finds herself isolated after an alien virus tr

  4. 310,178views

    Google Chrome

    Google Chrome is a cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was launched in September 2008 for Microsoft Windows and was built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox. Versions for Linux, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and Android we

  5. 276,198views

    James A. Garfield

    James Abram Garfield was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 1881 until his death in September that year after being shot in July. A preacher, lawyer, and Civil War general, Garfield served nine terms in the United States House of Repre

  6. 183,896views

    Predator: Badlands

    Predator: Badlands is a 2025 American science fiction action film directed by Dan Trachtenberg and written by Patrick Aison from a story by Trachtenberg and Aison. It is the seventh installment in the Predator franchise and set after the events of The Predator

  7. 165,786views

    Rama Duwaji

    Rama Sawaf Duwaji is an American animator, illustrator, and ceramist. As the wife of Mayor Zohran Mamdani, she has been the first lady of New York City since January 2026.

  8. 162,363views

    James Watson

    James Dewey Watson was an American molecular biologist, geneticist, and zoologist. In 1953, he and Francis Crick co-authored an academic paper in Nature proposing the double helix structure of the DNA molecule, building on research by Rosalind Franklin and Ray

  9. 150,248views

    Jacob Elordi

    Jacob Nathaniel Elordi is an Australian actor. His accolades include a Critics' Choice Award and three AACTA Awards, in addition to nominations for an Academy Award, three British Academy Film Awards and two Golden Globe Awards.

  10. 140,658views

    Mira Nair

    Mira Nair is an Indian American filmmaker. She has received two prizes from the Cannes Film Festival and four from the Venice Film Festival, as well as nominations for an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards, a Golden Globe, and two César Awards.

  11. 137,351views

    Fuck

    Fuck is a profanity in the English language. It often refers to the act of sexual intercourse, but it is most commonly used as an intensifier or to convey disdain. While its origin is obscure, it is usually considered to be first attested to around 1475. In mo

  12. 135,105views

    Frankenstein

    Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is an 1818 Gothic novel written by English author Mary Shelley. Frankenstein tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a sapient creature from different body parts in an unorthodox scientific

  13. 130,264views

    Lists of deaths by year

    This is a list of lists of deaths of significant people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month and then linked below.

  14. 128,860views

    Quentin Willson

    Quentin Mcdonald Willson was an English television presenter and producer, motoring journalist, author and car dealer. He was best known as a presenter of the popular television motoring programmes Top Gear, Britain's Worst Driver and Fifth Gear.

  15. 116,689views

    Chester A. Arthur

    Chester Alan Arthur was the 21st president of the United States, serving from 1881 to 1885. A Republican from New York, he served as the 20th vice president under President James A. Garfield in 1881, assuming the presidency after Garfield's assassination. Arth

  16. 107,546views

    Hannah Waddingham

    Hannah Waddingham is an English actress, singer, and television presenter. She is known for roles on both stage and screen, and has received several accolades including a Primetime Emmy Award, two Critics' Choice Television Awards and a Screen Actors Guild Awa

  17. 107,489views

    1xBet

    1xBet is an online gambling company founded in 2007 and licensed by Curaçao eGaming License. 1xBet is one of the largest online casinos in the world. According to Forbes, its turnover exceeded $2 billion in 2020. The company sponsors major professional footbal

  18. 107,203views

    Charles J. Guiteau

    Charles Julius Guiteau was an American office seeker who assassinated the 20th President of the United States, James A. Garfield, in 1881. A failed lawyer suffering from mental illness, Guiteau delusionally believed he had played a major role in Garfield's ele

  19. 106,451views

    Mahmood Mamdani

    Mahmood Mamdani is a Ugandan anthropologist, academic, and political commentator. He is the Herbert Lehman Professor of Government and a professor of anthropology, political science, and African studies at Columbia University. He also served as the chancellor

  20. 103,956views

    Ed Gein

    Edward Theodore Gein, also known as the Butcher of Plainfield and the Plainfield Ghoul, was an American murderer and body snatcher. His crimes, committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin, gathered widespread notoriety in 1957 after authorities disc

  21. 99,442views

    Jaafar Jackson

    Jaafar Jeremiah Jackson is an American actor and singer. A member of the Jackson family, he released his debut single "Got Me Singing" in 2019 but gained popularity for portraying his uncle Michael Jackson in the record-breaking biographical film Michael (2026

  22. 98,259views

    6-7

    6-7 was an Internet meme, slang term, and gesture that became popular in 2025 on TikTok and Instagram Reels. It has no fixed meaning.

  23. 98,031views

    Mia Goth

    Mia Gypsy Mello da Silva Goth is a British actress and model. After modelling as a teenager, Goth made her acting debut in the erotic drama Nymphomaniac (2013). She earned recognition with the films A Cure for Wellness (2016), High Life (2018), Suspiria (2018)

  24. 93,117views

    UPS Airlines Flight 2976

    UPS Airlines Flight 2976 was a scheduled domestic cargo flight in the United States from Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport in Louisville, Kentucky, to Honolulu, Hawaii. On November 4, 2025, the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 operating the flight suffered

  25. 89,966views

    Sydney Sweeney

    Sydney Bernice Sweeney is an American actress. She gained early recognition for her roles in Everything Sucks!, The Handmaid's Tale, and Sharp Objects in 2018. She received wider acclaim for her performances in the drama series Euphoria (2019–2026) and the fir

  26. 88,660views

    Michael (2026 film)

    Michael is a 2026 biographical film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by John Logan. It follows the early life of the American singer Michael Jackson, from his time with the Jackson 5 in the 1960s to the Bad World Tour in the late 1980s. Jackson is portray

  27. 84,763views

    68th Annual Grammy Awards

    The 68th Annual Grammy Awards honored the best recordings, compositions, and artists from August 31, 2024, to August 30, 2025, as chosen by the members of the Recording Academy, on February 1, 2026. In its 23rd year at Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles and for t

  28. 84,738views

    XXX

    XXX may refer to:

  29. 83,904views

    Marshawn Kneeland

    Marshawn Kneeland was an American professional football defensive end for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played two seasons with the Cowboys until his death in 2025. Kneeland played college football for the Western Michigan Bronco

  30. 81,024views

    Sanjay Khan

    Sanjay Khan is an Indian actor, businessman, producer and director known for his works in Hindi films and television. Sanjay Khan made his debut in Rajshri film Dosti (1964), which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi for that year, follo

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,286points

    I Am Mark Zuckerberg

    438 comments

  2. 895points

    Marble Fountain

    92 comments

  3. 700points

    AI isn't replacing jobs. AI spending is

    562 comments

  4. 541points

    Montana becomes first state to enshrine 'right to compute' into law

    330 comments

  5. 464points

    Ask HN: What Are You Working On? (Nov 2025)

    1,370 comments

  6. 326points

    Tabloid: The Clickbait Headline Programming Language

    46 comments

  7. 302points

    Samsung Family Hub for 2025 Update Elevates the Smart Home Ecosystem

    315 comments

  8. 289points

    Operating Margins

    122 comments

  9. 279points

    Drilling down on Uncle Sam's proposed TP-Link ban

    369 comments

  10. 268points

    The Manuscripts of Edsger W. Dijkstra

    125 comments

  11. 268points

    Writing your own BEAM

    86 comments

  12. 246points

    Python Software Foundation gets a donor surge after rejecting federal grant

    279 comments

  13. 239points

    The Principles of Diffusion Models

    31 comments

  14. 235points

    Boring Company fined nearly $500K after it dumped drilling fluids into manholes

    100 comments

  15. 227points

    Ask HN: How would you set up a child’s first Linux computer?

    300 comments

  16. 219points

    Judge denies request to exempt Flock footage from Public Records Act

    57 comments

  17. 208points

    Think in math, write in code (2019)

    72 comments

  18. 202points

    Study finds memory decline surge in young people

    194 comments

  19. 195points

    Itiner-e: the Google Maps of Roman Roads

    45 comments

  20. 195points

    Bumble Berry Pi – A Cheap DIY Raspberry Pi Handheld Cyberdeck

    41 comments

  21. 194points

    Grok 4 Fast now has 2M context window

    281 comments

  22. 176points

    Reviving Classic Unix Games: A 20-Year Journey Through Software Archaeology

    81 comments

  23. 174points

    How Airbus took off

    143 comments

  24. 171points

    Alive internet theory

    79 comments

  25. 168points

    Reverse engineering Codex CLI to get GPT-5-Codex-Mini to draw me a pelican

    76 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2511.06575

    CoFineLLM: Conformal Finetuning of LLMs for Language-Instructed Robot Planning

    Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as planners for language-instructed agents, generating sequences of actions to accomplish natural language tasks. However, their reliability remains a challenge, especially in long-horizon tasks, since they often produce overconfident yet wrong outputs. Conformal Prediction (CP) has been leveraged to address this issue by wrapping LLM outputs into prediction sets tha

    Jun Wang, Yevgeniy Vorobeychik, Yiannis Kantaros

  2. arXiv2511.06573

    SteganoSNN: SNN-Based Audio-in-Image Steganography with Encryption

    Secure data hiding remains a fundamental challenge in digital communication, requiring a careful balance between computational efficiency and perceptual transparency. The balance between security and performance is increasingly fragile with the emergence of generative AI systems capable of autonomously generating and optimising sophisticated cryptanalysis and steganalysis algorithms, thereby accelerating the exposure

    Biswajit Kumar Sahoo, Pedro Machado, Isibor Kennedy Ihianle, Andreas Oikonomou et al.

  3. arXiv2511.06571

    Rep2Text: Decoding Full Text from a Single LLM Token Representation

    Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across diverse tasks, yet their internal mechanisms remain largely opaque. In this work, we investigate a fundamental question: to what extent can the original input text be recovered from a single last-token representation in an LLM? To this end, we propose Rep2Text, a novel framework for decoding text from last-token representations. Rep2Text employs a

    Haiyan Zhao, Zirui He, Yiming Tang, Fan Yang et al.

  4. arXiv2511.06568

    Breaking the Dyadic Barrier: Rethinking Fairness in Link Prediction Beyond Demographic Parity

    Link prediction is a fundamental task in graph machine learning with applications, ranging from social recommendation to knowledge graph completion. Fairness in this setting is critical, as biased predictions can exacerbate societal inequalities. Prior work adopts a dyadic definition of fairness, enforcing fairness through demographic parity between intra-group and inter-group link predictions. However, we show that

    João Mattos, Debolina Halder Lina, Arlei Silva

  5. arXiv2511.08633

    Time-to-Move: Training-Free Motion Controlled Video Generation via Dual-Clock Denoising

    Diffusion-based video generation can create realistic videos, yet existing image- and text-based conditioning fails to offer precise motion control. Prior methods for motion-conditioned synthesis typically require model-specific fine-tuning, which is computationally expensive and restrictive. We introduce Time-to-Move (TTM), a training-free, plug-and-play framework for motion- and appearance-controlled video generati

    Assaf Singer, Noam Rotstein, Amir Mann, Ron Kimmel et al.

  6. arXiv2511.06552

    LLM For Loop Invariant Generation and Fixing: How Far Are We?

    A loop invariant is a property of a loop that remains true before and after each execution of the loop. The identification of loop invariants is a critical step to support automated program safety assessment. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in diverse software engineering (SE) and formal verification tasks. However, we are not aware of the performance of LLMs to infer l

    Mostafijur Rahman Akhond, Saikat Chakraborty, Gias Uddin

  7. arXiv2511.07485

    When Are Learning Biases Equivalent? A Unifying Framework for Fairness, Robustness, and Distribution Shift

    Machine learning systems exhibit diverse failure modes: unfairness toward protected groups, brittleness to spurious correlations, poor performance on minority sub-populations, which are typically studied in isolation by distinct research communities. We propose a unifying theoretical framework that characterizes when different bias mechanisms produce quantitatively equivalent effects on model performance. By formaliz

    Sushant Mehta

  8. arXiv2511.06531

    Ibom NLP: A Step Toward Inclusive Natural Language Processing for Nigeria's Minority Languages

    Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with a population of more than 200 million people. More than 500 languages are spoken in Nigeria and it is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. Despite this, natural language processing (NLP) research has mostly focused on the following four languages: Hausa, Igbo, Nigerian-Pidgin, and Yoruba (i.e <1% of the languages spoken in Nigeria). This

    Oluwadara Kalejaiye, Luel Hagos Beyene, David Ifeoluwa Adelani, Mmekut-Mfon Gabriel Edet et al.

  9. arXiv2511.06529

    TriShGAN: Enhancing Sparsity and Robustness in Multivariate Time Series Counterfactuals Explanation

    In decision-making processes, stakeholders often rely on counterfactual explanations, which provide suggestions about what should be changed in the queried instance to alter the outcome of an AI system. However, generating these explanations for multivariate time series presents challenges due to their complex, multi-dimensional nature. Traditional Nearest Unlike Neighbor-based methods typically substitute subsequenc

    Hongnan Ma, Yiwei Shi, Guanxiong Sun, Mengyue Yang et al.

  10. arXiv2511.06522

    FractalBench: Diagnosing Visual-Mathematical Reasoning Through Recursive Program Synthesis

    Mathematical reasoning requires abstracting symbolic rules from visual patterns -- inferring the infinite from the finite. We investigate whether multimodal AI systems possess this capability through FractalBench, a benchmark evaluating fractal program synthesis from images. Fractals provide ideal test cases: Iterated Function Systems with only a few contraction maps generate complex self-similar patterns through sim

    Jan Ondras, Marek Šuppa

  11. arXiv2511.06519

    On the Analogy between Human Brain and LLMs: Spotting Key Neurons in Grammar Perception

    Artificial Neural Networks, the building blocks of AI, were inspired by the human brain's network of neurons. Over the years, these networks have evolved to replicate the complex capabilities of the brain, allowing them to handle tasks such as image and language processing. In the realm of Large Language Models, there has been a keen interest in making the language learning process more akin to that of humans. While

    Sanaz Saki Norouzi, Mohammad Masjedi, Pascal Hitzler

  12. arXiv2511.17543

    Evo* 2025 -- Late-Breaking Abstracts Volume

    Volume containing the Late-Breaking Abstracts submitted to the Evo* 2025 Conference, held in Trieste (Italy) from April 23rd to 25th. These extended abstracts showcase ongoing research and preliminary findings exploring the application of various Bioinspired Methods (primarily Evolutionary Computation) to a range of problems, many of which address real-world scenarios.

    A. M. Mora, A. I. Esparcia-Alcázar, M. S. Cruz

  13. arXiv2511.06497

    Rethinking what Matters: Effective and Robust Multilingual Realignment for Low-Resource Languages

    Realignment is a promising strategy to improve cross-lingual transfer in multilingual language models. However, empirical results are mixed and often unreliable, particularly for typologically distant or low-resource languages (LRLs) compared to English. Moreover, word realignment tools often rely on high-quality parallel data, which can be scarce or noisy for many LRLs. In this work, we conduct an extensive empirica

    Quang Phuoc Nguyen, David Anugraha, Felix Gaschi, Jun Bin Cheng et al.

  14. arXiv2511.06496

    A Low-Rank Method for Vision Language Model Hallucination Mitigation in Autonomous Driving

    Vision Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used in autonomous driving to help understand traffic scenes, but they sometimes produce hallucinations, which are false details not grounded in the visual input. Detecting and mitigating hallucinations is challenging when ground-truth references are unavailable and model internals are inaccessible. This paper proposes a novel self-contained low-rank approach to automati

    Keke Long, Jiacheng Guo, Tianyun Zhang, Hongkai Yu et al.

  15. arXiv2511.06494

    Route Experts by Sequence, not by Token

    Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale large language models (LLMs) by activating only a subset of experts per token, but the standard TopK routing assigns the same fixed number of experts to all tokens, ignoring their varying complexity. Prior adaptive routing methods introduce additional modules and hyperparameters, often requiring costly retraining from scratch. We propose Sequence-level TopK (SeqTopK), a mi

    Tiansheng Wen, Yifei Wang, Aosong Feng, Long Ma et al.

  16. arXiv2511.06492

    Explainable AI For Early Detection Of Sepsis

    Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that requires rapid detection and treatment to prevent progression to severe sepsis, septic shock, or multi-organ failure. Despite advances in medical technology, it remains a major challenge for clinicians. While recent machine learning models have shown promise in predicting sepsis onset, their black-box nature limits interpretability and clinical trust. In this study, we pres

    Atharva Thakur, Shruti Dhumal

  17. arXiv2511.06490

    Zooming into Comics: Region-Aware RL Improves Fine-Grained Comic Understanding in Vision-Language Models

    Complex visual narratives, such as comics, present a significant challenge to Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Despite excelling on natural images, VLMs often struggle with stylized line art, onomatopoeia, and densely packed multi-panel layouts. To address this gap, we introduce AI4VA-FG, the first fine-grained and comprehensive benchmark for VLM-based comic understanding. It spans tasks from foundational recognition a

    Yule Chen, Yufan Ren, Sabine Süsstrunk

  18. arXiv2511.07483

    Beyond Correctness: Confidence-Aware Reward Modeling for Enhancing Large Language Model Reasoning

    Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shifted the post-training paradigm from traditional instruction tuning and human preference alignment toward reinforcement learning (RL) focused on reasoning capabilities. However, numerous technical reports indicate that purely rule-based reward RL frequently results in poor-quality reasoning chains or inconsistencies between reasoning processes and final answ

    Qianxi He, Qingyu Ren, Shanzhe Lei, Xuhong Wang et al.

  19. arXiv2511.06471

    GHOST: Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem on Graphs of Convex Sets

    We study GCS-TSP, a new variant of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) defined over a Graph of Convex Sets (GCS) -- a powerful representation for trajectory planning that decomposes the configuration space into convex regions connected by a sparse graph. In this setting, edge costs are not fixed but depend on the specific trajectory selected through each convex region, making classical TSP methods inapplicable. We i

    Jingtao Tang, Hang Ma

  20. arXiv2511.06470

    Brain-Inspired Planning for Better Generalization in Reinforcement Learning

    Existing Reinforcement Learning (RL) systems encounter significant challenges when applied to real-world scenarios, primarily due to poor generalization across environments that differ from their training conditions. This thesis explores the direction of enhancing agents' zero-shot systematic generalization abilities by granting RL agents reasoning behaviors that are found to help systematic generalization in the hum

    Mingde "Harry" Zhao

  21. arXiv2511.06458

    EchoMark: Perceptual Acoustic Environment Transfer with Watermark-Embedded Room Impulse Response

    Acoustic Environment Matching (AEM) is the task of transferring clean audio into a target acoustic environment, enabling engaging applications such as audio dubbing and auditory immersive virtual reality (VR). Recovering similar room impulse response (RIR) directly from reverberant speech offers more accessible and flexible AEM solution. However, this capability also introduces vulnerabilities of arbitrary ``relocati

    Chenpei Huang, Lingfeng Yao, Kyu In Lee, Lan Emily Zhang et al.

  22. arXiv2511.07482

    Alignment-Constrained Dynamic Pruning for LLMs: Identifying and Preserving Alignment-Critical Circuits

    Large Language Models require substantial computational resources for inference, posing deployment challenges. While dynamic pruning offers superior efficiency over static methods through adaptive circuit selection, it exacerbates alignment degradation by retaining only input-dependent safety-critical circuit preservation across diverse inputs. As a result, addressing these heightened alignment vulnerabilities remain

    Dev Patel, Gabrielle Gervacio, Diekola Raimi, Kevin Zhu et al.

  23. arXiv2511.06455

    A Multi-Agent System for Semantic Mapping of Relational Data to Knowledge Graphs

    Enterprises often maintain multiple databases for storing critical business data in siloed systems, resulting in inefficiencies and challenges with data interoperability. A key to overcoming these challenges lies in integrating disparate data sources, enabling businesses to unlock the full potential of their data. Our work presents a novel approach for integrating multiple databases using knowledge graphs, focusing o

    Milena Trajanoska, Riste Stojanov, Dimitar Trajanov

  24. arXiv2511.06449

    FLEX: Continuous Agent Evolution via Forward Learning from Experience

    Autonomous agents driven by Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized reasoning and problem-solving but remain static after training, unable to grow with experience as intelligent beings do during deployment. We introduce Forward Learning with EXperience (FLEX), a gradient-free learning paradigm that enables LLM agents to continuously evolve through accumulated experience. Specifically, FLEX cultivates scalabl

    Zhicheng Cai, Xinyuan Guo, Yu Pei, Jiangtao Feng et al.

  25. arXiv2511.06448

    When AI Agents Collude Online: Financial Fraud Risks by Collaborative LLM Agents on Social Platforms

    In this work, we study the risks of collective financial fraud in large-scale multi-agent systems powered by large language model (LLM) agents. We investigate whether agents can collaborate in fraudulent behaviors, how such collaboration amplifies risks, and what factors influence fraud success. To support this research, we present MultiAgentFraudBench, a large-scale benchmark for simulating financial fraud scenarios

    Qibing Ren, Zhijie Zheng, Jiaxuan Guo, Junchi Yan et al.

On this calendar day 15

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2019year

    Pakistani prime minister Imran Khan inaugurated the Kartarpur Corridor, a visa-free border crossing connecting the Gurdwara Darbar Sahib to the India–Pakistan border.

  2. 2019year

    The Alabama Crimson Tide and LSU Tigers football teams, both with undefeated records thus far that season, played in a "Game of the Century".

  3. 2016year

    A tram derailment in Croydon, London, killed seven people.

  4. 1993year

    Bosnian War: Croatian Defence Council forces destroyed the Stari Most, a 16th-century bridge crossing the river Neretva in the city of Mostar (rebuilt bridge pictured).

  5. 1989year

    East German official Günter Schabowski mistakenly announced the immediate opening of the inner German border, resulting in the fall of the Berlin Wall that night (border crossing pictured).

  6. 1985year

    At age 22, Garry Kasparov became the then-youngest World Chess Champion by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov.

  7. 1967year

    The first issue of Rolling Stone, an American magazine focusing on music, politics and popular culture, was published.

  8. 1939year

    World War II: A covert Sicherheitsdienst operation captured two British agents of the Secret Intelligence Service near Venlo in the Netherlands.

  9. 1938year

    Kristallnacht began as SA stormtroopers and civilians destroyed and ransacked Jewish homes, businesses and synagogues in Germany and Austria, resulting in at least 90 deaths and the deportation of 30,000 men to concentration camps.

  10. 1928year

    The Great Mecca Feast, the first documentary film on the Hajj, premiered in the Netherlands.

  11. 1918year

    The government of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic adopted a tricolour national flag (pictured), which is again in use today, with slight modifications, by the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan.

  12. 1914year

    World War I: Off the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, the Australian light cruiser Sydney sank Emden, the last active German warship in the Indian Ocean, at the Battle of Cocos.

  13. 1913year

    A severe blizzard reached its maximum intensity in the Great Lakes Basin of North America, destroying 19 ships and 68,300 tons of cargo, and killing more than 250 people.

  14. 1888year

    Mary Jane Kelly, widely believed to be the fifth and final victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer Jack the Ripper, was murdered in London.

  15. 1822year

    USS Alligator engaged three pirate schooners off the coast of Cuba in one of the West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States.