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Record 23042026 · captured 2026-08-25

Thursday, 23 April 2026

The world looked up Nahui Ollin. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-04-22 Thursday, 23 April 2026 2026-04-24 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 1,107,114views

    Nahui Ollin

    Nahui Ollin is a 16th-century concept in Aztec/Mexica cosmology with a variety of meanings. Nahui translates to "four," and Ollin translates to "movement" or "motion." Ollin was primarily portrayed in Aztec codices as two interlaced lines, each portrayed with

  2. 202,462views

    Dave Mason

    David Thomas Mason was an English musician who came to prominence in 1967 as a founding member of the rock band Traffic. He wrote and sang lead vocals on two of the band's best known songs, "Hole in My Shoe" and "Feelin' Alright?" His song "Only You Know and I

  3. 174,627views

    Earth Day

    Earth Day is an annual event on April 22 to demonstrate support for environmental protection. First held on April 22, 1970, it now includes a wide range of events coordinated globally through earthday.org including 1 billion people in more than 193 countries.

  4. 171,750views

    List of highest-grossing Indian films

    This ranking lists the highest-grossing Indian films produced by Indian cinema, based on conservative global box office estimates as reported by organisations classified as green by Wikipedia. The figures are not adjusted for inflation. However, there is no of

  5. 161,669views

    Michael (2026 film)

    Michael is a 2026 biographical film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by John Logan. It follows the early life of the American singer Michael Jackson, from his time with the Jackson 5 in the 1960s to the Bad World Tour in the late 1980s. Jackson is portray

  6. 146,608views

    Dhurandhar: The Revenge

    Dhurandhar: The Revenge is a 2026 Indian Hindi-language spy action-thriller film written and directed by Aditya Dhar. It is produced by Dhar, Lokesh Dhar, and Jyoti Deshpande under Jio Studios and B62 Studios. It is a sequel to the 2025 film Dhurandhar and the

  7. 144,147views

    David Wilcock

    David Wilcock was an American paranormal writer, media personality, and YouTuber. He was a significant figure in the disclosure movement and a regular contributor to extraterrestrial influence theories in popular culture media, appearing in productions made by

  8. 142,545views

    Liam Rosenior

    Liam James Rosenior is an English professional football manager and former player who is the head coach of Ligue 1 club Paris FC.

  9. 138,041views

    Patrick Muldoon

    William Patrick Muldoon III was an American actor, film producer, and musician. He was best known for his roles as Austin Reed on Days of Our Lives and Zander Barcalow on Starship Troopers.

  10. 136,116views

    Deaths in 2026

    The following notable deaths occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality, what subject was

  11. 129,170views

    The Boys season 5

    The fifth and final season of the American satirical superhero television series The Boys, the first series in the franchise based on the comic book series of the same name created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson, was developed for television by Eric Kripk

  12. 126,020views

    2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

    Elections to appoint the 234 members of the 17th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, the highest body of the Government of Tamil Nadu, were held on 23 April 2026. The results were declared on 4 May 2026 by the Election Commission of India. It recorded the highest

  13. 115,409views

    Pigeon Creek, Ohio

    Pigeon Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Summit County, Ohio, United States. The population was 886 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Akron metropolitan statistical area.

  14. 104,620views

    2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

    Legislative Assembly elections were held in West Bengal to elect all 294 members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly in two phases on 23 and 29 April 2026, with the votes counted and results for 293 seats released on 4 May 2026. The election saw the defeat

  15. 98,349views

    Michael Jackson

    Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he is widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant figures of the 20th century. His musical achievements broke American racial barrier

  16. 97,851views

    Claudia Doumit

    Claudia Doumit is an Australian actress. She portrayed Jiya Marri in the NBC series Timeless (2016–2018), and is best known for her portrayal of Farah Karim from Call of Duty: Modern Warfare (2019) and Victoria Neuman in the superhero series The Boys (2020-202

  17. 97,336views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as Neetsvil

  18. 97,060views

    D4vd

    David Anthony Burke, known professionally as D4vd, is an American singer-songwriter. Born in Queens, New York City, and raised in Houston, Texas, Burke began composing music in 2021 for his Fortnite gameplay montages. He first achieved commercial success with

  19. 95,825views

    Clayface (film)

    Clayface is an upcoming American body horror film based on the eponymous character from DC Comics. Directed by James Watkins from a screenplay by Mike Flanagan and Hossein Amini, it will be the third film in the DC Universe (DCU). Tom Rhys Harries stars as Mat

  20. 92,475views

    Jaafar Jackson

    Jaafar Jeremiah Jackson is an American actor and singer. A member of the Jackson family, he released his debut single "Got Me Singing" in 2019 but gained popularity for portraying his uncle Michael Jackson in the record-breaking biographical film Michael (2026

  21. 89,568views

    John Ternus

    John Ternus is an American engineer and business executive who has been the senior vice president of hardware engineering at Apple Inc. since 2021. On September 1, 2026, he will succeed Tim Cook as the CEO of Apple.

  22. 88,453views

    Bhooth Bangla

    Bhooth Bangla is a 2026 Indian Hindi-language comedy horror film directed by Priyadarshan and produced by Akshay Kumar, Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor under Balaji Motion Pictures and Cape of Good Films. The film stars Akshay Kumar, Paresh Rawal, Jisshu Sengupt

  23. 85,221views

    Limonene

    Limonene is a slightly yellow-green liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the fragrance and essential oil of citrus fruit peels, taking its name from Italian limone ("lemon").

  24. 80,457views

    Beef (TV series)

    Beef is an American comedy drama anthology television series created by Lee Sung Jin for Netflix. Season 1 stars Steven Yeun and Ali Wong as Danny Cho and Amy Lau, two strangers whose involvement in a road rage incident escalates into a prolonged feud. Appeari

  25. 77,576views

    Euphoria (American TV series)

    Euphoria is an American psychological drama television series created and written by Sam Levinson for HBO. Based on the Israeli miniseries of the same name created by Ron Leshem, the series stars Zendaya as drug-addicted teenager Rue Bennett, who also serves a

  26. 75,202views

    The Boys (TV series)

    The Boys is an American satirical superhero streaming television series developed by Eric Kripke for Amazon Prime Video. Based on the comic book series of the same name by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson, it follows the eponymous team of vigilantes as they co

  27. 65,797views

    2026 Virginia redistricting referendum

    The 2026 Virginia redistricting referendum appeared on the April 21, 2026, ballot in the state of Virginia as a legislatively referred constitutional amendment. The amendment passed by a slim margin, but it was subsequently struck down by the Supreme Court of

  28. 65,654views

    Project Hail Mary (film)

    Project Hail Mary is a 2026 American science fiction film produced and directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller and written by Drew Goddard, based on the 2021 novel of the same name by Andy Weir. It stars Ryan Gosling, who also produced the film, as Ryland

  29. 64,578views

    Anne Hathaway

    Anne Jacqueline Hathaway is an American actress. Her accolades include an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award. Her films have grossed over $6.8 billion worldwide.

  30. 62,935views

    Jack Quaid

    Jack Henry Quaid is an American actor. The son of actors Meg Ryan and Dennis Quaid, he is also the nephew of character actor Randy Quaid. He made his acting debut with a minor role in the dystopian film The Hunger Games (2012). Quaid was part of the main cast

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,580points

    GPT-5.5

    1,056 comments

  2. 1,115points

    I am building a cloud

    563 comments

  3. 964points

    Palantir employees are starting to wonder if they're the bad guys

    705 comments

  4. 942points

    An update on recent Claude Code quality reports

    732 comments

  5. 872points

    Bitwarden CLI compromised in ongoing Checkmarx supply chain campaign

    432 comments

  6. 800points

    Meta tells staff it will cut 10% of jobs

    888 comments

  7. 692points

    US special forces soldier arrested after allegedly winning $400k on Maduro raid

    751 comments

  8. 569points

    Flipdiscs

    91 comments

  9. 564points

    If America's so rich, how'd it get so sad?

    1,087 comments

  10. 412points

    Investigation uncovers two sophisticated telecom surveillance campaigns

    133 comments

  11. 410points

    French government agency confirms breach as hacker offers to sell data

    151 comments

  12. 352points

    Arch Linux Now Has a Bit-for-Bit Reproducible Docker Image

    121 comments

  13. 327points

    Show HN: Honker – Postgres NOTIFY/LISTEN Semantics for SQLite

    84 comments

  14. 322points

    MacBook Neo and how the iPad should be

    203 comments

  15. 318points

    Show HN: Tolaria – Open-source macOS app to manage Markdown knowledge bases

    142 comments

  16. 294points

    OpenAI Privacy Filter

    66 comments

  17. 285points

    MeshCore development team splits over trademark dispute and AI-generated code

    182 comments

  18. 272points

    'Hairdryer used to trick weather sensor' to win Polymarket bet

    254 comments

  19. 267points

    Incident with multple GitHub services

    132 comments

  20. 258points

    Using the internet like it's 1999

    189 comments

  21. 251points

    U.S. soldier charged with using classified info to profit from prediction market

    2 comments

  22. 239points

    Email could have been X.400 times better

    206 comments

  23. 236points

    Show HN: Turning a Gaussian Splat into a videogame

    63 comments

  24. 226points

    Girl, 10, finds rare Mexican axolotl under Welsh bridge

    215 comments

  25. 226points

    Raylib v6.0

    41 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv1810.11624

    Time series clustering based on the characterisation of segment typologies

    Time series clustering is the process of grouping time series with respect to their similarity or characteristics. Previous approaches usually combine a specific distance measure for time series and a standard clustering method. However, these approaches do not take the similarity of the different subsequences of each time series into account, which can be used to better compare the time series objects of the dataset

    Guijo-Rubio, David, Durán-Rosal, Antonio Manuel, Gutiérrez, Pedro Antonio, Troncoso, Alicia et al.

  2. arXiv2009.08443

    Tropical time series, iterated-sums signatures and quasisymmetric functions

    Aiming for a systematic feature-extraction from time series, we introduce the iterated-sums signature over arbitrary commutative semirings. The case of the tropical semiring is a central, and our motivating example. It leads to features of (real-valued) time series that are not easily available using existing signature-type objects. We demonstrate how the signature extracts chronological aspects of a time series, and

    Diehl, Joscha, Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch, Tapia, Nikolas

  3. arXiv2103.15552

    Energy Decay Network (EDeN)

    This paper and accompanying Python and C++ Framework is the product of the authors perceived problems with narrow (Discrimination based) AI. (Artificial Intelligence) The Framework attempts to develop a genetic transfer of experience through potential structural expressions using a common regulation/exchange value (energy) to create a model whereby neural architecture and all unit processes are co-dependently develop

    Shelley, Jamie Nicholas, Consultancy, Optishell

  4. arXiv2105.09232

    Diffusion Approximations for Thompson Sampling in the Small Gap Regime

    We study the process-level dynamics of Thompson sampling and related sampling-based bandit algorithms in the ``small gap'' regime, where the gaps between the arm means are of order $\sqrtγ$ or smaller and the time horizon is of order $1/γ$, with $γ\downarrow 0$. In this regime, as $γ\downarrow 0$, we show that the process-level dynamics of such algorithms converge weakly to the solutions to certain stochastic

    Fan, Lin, Glynn, Peter W.

  5. arXiv2107.02287

    Morphological Classification of Galaxies in S-PLUS using an Ensemble of Convolutional Networks

    The universe is composed of galaxies that have diverse shapes. Once the structure of a galaxy is determined, it is possible to obtain important information about its formation and evolution. Morphologically classifying galaxies means cataloging them according to their visual appearance and the classification is linked to the physical properties of the galaxy. A morphological classification made through visual inspect

    Cardoso, N. M., Schwarz, G. B. O., Dias, L. O., Bom, C. R. et al.

  6. arXiv2208.14649

    DetailCLIP: Injecting Image Details into CLIP's Feature Space

    Although CLIP-like Visual Language Models provide a functional joint feature space for image and text, due to the limitation of the CILP-like model's image input size (e.g., 224), subtle details are lost in the feature representation if we input high-resolution images (e.g., 2240). Our proposed framework addresses this issue by generating a single feature representation for a high-resolution image that retains im

    Zhang, Zilun, Shen, Cuifeng, Shen, Yuan, Zhou, Xinyu et al.

  7. arXiv2305.09288

    A Dictionary-based approach to Time Series Ordinal Classification

    Time Series Classification (TSC) is an extensively researched field from which a broad range of real-world problems can be addressed obtaining excellent results. One sort of the approaches performing well are the so-called dictionary-based techniques. The Temporal Dictionary Ensemble (TDE) is the current state-of-the-art dictionary-based TSC approach. In many TSC problems we find a natural ordering in the labels asso

    Ayllón-Gavilán, Rafael, Guijo-Rubio, David, Gutiérrez, Pedro Antonio, Hervás-Martinez, César

  8. arXiv2306.10084

    Convolutional and Deep Learning based techniques for Time Series Ordinal Classification

    Time Series Classification (TSC) covers the supervised learning problem where input data is provided in the form of series of values observed through repeated measurements over time, and whose objective is to predict the category to which they belong. When the class values are ordinal, classifiers that take this into account can perform better than nominal classifiers. Time Series Ordinal Classification (TSOC) is the

    Ayllón-Gavilán, Rafael, Guijo-Rubio, David, Gutiérrez, Pedro Antonio, Bagnall, Anthony et al.

  9. arXiv2310.14768

    Policy Gradient with Kernel Quadrature

    Reward evaluation of episodes becomes a bottleneck in a broad range of reinforcement learning tasks. Our aim in this paper is to select a small but representative subset of a large batch of episodes, only on which we actually compute rewards for more efficient policy gradient iterations. We build a Gaussian process modeling of discounted returns or rewards to derive a positive definite kernel on the space of episodes

    Hayakawa, Satoshi, Morimura, Tetsuro

  10. arXiv2402.01703

    Community-Informed AI Models for Police Accountability

    Face-to-face interactions between police officers and the public affect both individual well-being and democratic legitimacy. Many government-public interactions are captured on video, including interactions between police officers and drivers captured on bodyworn cameras (BWCs). New advances in AI technology enable these interactions to be analyzed at scale, opening promising avenues for improving government transpa

    Graham, Benjamin A. T., Brown, Lauren, Chochlakis, Georgios, Dehghani, Morteza et al.

  11. arXiv2402.06266

    Issues with Value-Based Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning: Value Function Interference and Overestimation Sensitivity

    Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) algorithms extend conventional reinforcement learning (RL) to the more general case of problems with multiple, conflicting objectives, represented by vector-valued rewards. Widely-used scalar RL methods such as Q-learning can be modified to handle multiple objectives by (1) learning vector-valued value functions, and (2) performing action selection using a scalarisation o

    Vamplew, Peter, Ethan, Watkins, Foale, Cameron et al.

  12. arXiv2402.13103

    Multivariate Functional Linear Discriminant Analysis for the Classification of Short Time Series with Missing Data

    Functional linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) is a powerful tool that extends LDA-mediated multiclass classification and dimension reduction to univariate time-series functions. However, in the age of large multivariate and incomplete data, statistical dependencies between features must be estimated in a computationally tractable way, while also dealing with missing data. There is a need for a computationally tracta

    Bordoloi, Rahul, Réda, Clémence, Trautmann, Orell, Bej, Saptarshi et al.

  13. arXiv2403.18151

    Automated Description Generation of Cytologic Findings for Lung Cytological Images Using a Pretrained Vision Model and Dual Text Decoders: Preliminary Study

    Objective: Cytology plays a crucial role in lung cancer diagnosis. Pulmonary cytology involves cell morphological characterization in the specimen and reporting the corresponding findings, which are extremely burdensome tasks. In this study, we propose a technique to generate cytologic findings from for cytologic images to assist in the reporting of pulmonary cytology. Methods: For this study, 801 patch images were r

    Teramoto, Atsushi, Michiba, Ayano, Kiriyama, Yuka, Tsukamoto, Tetsuya et al.

  14. arXiv2403.20208

    Unlock the Potential of Large Language Models for Predictive Tabular Tasks in Data Science with Table-Specific Pretraining

    In the domain of data science, the predictive tasks of classification, regression, and imputation of missing values are commonly encountered challenges associated with tabular data. This research endeavors to apply Large Language Models (LLMs) towards addressing these predictive tasks. Despite their proficiency in comprehending natural language, LLMs fall short in dealing with structured tabular data. This limitation

    Yang, Yazheng, Wang, Yuqi, Li, Yaxuan, Sen, Sankalok et al.

  15. arXiv2407.01621

    Deciphering interventional dynamical causality from non-intervention complex systems

    Detecting and quantifying causality is a focal topic in the fields of science, engineering, and interdisciplinary studies. However, causal studies on non-intervention systems attract much attention but remain extremely challenging. Delay-embedding technique provides a promising approach. In this study, we propose a framework named Interventional Dynamical Causality (IntDC) in contrast to the traditional Constructive

    Shi, Jifan, Li, Yang, Zhao, Juan, Leng, Siyang et al.

  16. arXiv2408.00920

    Towards Certified Unlearning for Deep Neural Networks

    In the field of machine unlearning, certified unlearning has been extensively studied in convex machine learning models due to its high efficiency and strong theoretical guarantees. However, its application to deep neural networks (DNNs), known for their highly nonconvex nature, still poses challenges. To bridge the gap between certified unlearning and DNNs, we propose several simple techniques to extend certified un

    Zhang, Binchi, Dong, Yushun, Wang, Tianhao, Li, Jundong

  17. arXiv2408.00929

    Verification of Machine Unlearning is Fragile

    As privacy concerns escalate in the realm of machine learning, data owners now have the option to utilize machine unlearning to remove their data from machine learning models, following recent legislation. To enhance transparency in machine unlearning and avoid potential dishonesty by model providers, various verification strategies have been proposed. These strategies enable data owners to ascertain whether their ta

    Zhang, Binchi, Chen, Zihan, Shen, Cong, Li, Jundong

  18. arXiv2408.07295

    Learning Multi-Modal Whole-Body Control for Real-World Humanoid Robots

    A major challenge in humanoid robotics is designing a unified interface for commanding diverse whole-body behaviors, from precise footstep sequences to partial-body mimicry and joystick teleoperation. We introduce the Masked Humanoid Controller (MHC), a learned whole-body controller that exposes a simple yet expressive interface: the specification of masked target trajectories over selected subsets of the robot's

    Dugar, Pranay, Shrestha, Aayam, Yu, Fangzhou, van Marum, Bart et al.

  19. arXiv2411.00585

    Fairness Testing of Large Language Models in Role-Playing

    Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational in modern language-driven software applications, profoundly influencing daily life. A critical technique in leveraging their potential is role-playing, where LLMs simulate diverse roles to enhance their real-world utility. However, while research has highlighted the presence of social biases in LLM outputs, it remains unclear whether and to what extent these biase

    Li, Xinyue, Chen, Zhenpeng, Zhang, Jie M., Xiao, Ying et al.

  20. arXiv2411.16719

    Learn2Synth: Learning Optimal Data Synthesis Using Hypergradients for Brain Image Segmentation

    Domain randomization through synthesis is a powerful strategy to train networks that are unbiased with respect to the domain of the input images. Randomization allows networks to see a virtually infinite range of intensities and artifacts during training, thereby minimizing overfitting to appearance and maximizing generalization to unseen data. Although powerful, this approach relies on the accurate tuning of a large

    Hu, Xiaoling, Zeng, Xiangrui, Puonti, Oula, Iglesias, Juan Eugenio et al.

  21. arXiv2412.00256

    Excretion Detection in Pigsties Using Convolutional and Transformerbased Deep Neural Networks

    Animal excretions in form of urine puddles and feces are a significant source of emissions in livestock farming. Automated detection of soiled floor in barns can contribute to improved management processes but also the derived information can be used to model emission dynamics. Previous research approaches to determine the puddle area require manual detection of the puddle in the barn. While humans can detect animal

    Mielke, Simon, Stein, Anthony

  22. arXiv2412.03594

    BatchLLM: Optimizing Large Batched LLM Inference with Global Prefix Sharing and Throughput-oriented Token Batching

    Large language models (LLMs) increasingly play an important role in a wide range of information processing and management tasks in industry. Many of these tasks are performed in large batches or even offline, and the performance indicator for which is throughput. These tasks usually show the characteristic of prefix sharing, where different prompt input can partially show the common prefix. However, the existing LLM

    Zheng, Zhen, Ji, Xin, Fang, Taosong, Zhou, Fanghao et al.

  23. arXiv2412.13697

    Splitting criteria for ordinal decision trees: an experimental study

    Ordinal Classification (OC) addresses those classification tasks where the labels exhibit a natural order. Unlike nominal classification, which treats all classes as mutually exclusive and unordered, OC takes the ordinal relationship into account, producing more accurate and relevant results. This is particularly critical in applications where the magnitude of classification errors has significant consequences. Despi

    Ayllón-Gavilán, Rafael, Martínez-Estudillo, Francisco José, Guijo-Rubio, David, Hervás-Martínez, César et al.

  24. arXiv2412.14590

    MixLLM: LLM Quantization with Global Mixed-precision between Output-features and Highly-efficient System Design

    Quantization has become one of the most effective methodologies to compress LLMs into smaller size. However, the existing quantization solutions still show limitations of either non-negligible accuracy drop or low system efficiency. In this paper, we propose MixLLM that explores the optimization space of mixed-precision quantization between output features, based on the insight that different features matter differen

    Zheng, Zhen, Song, Xiaonan, Liu, Chuanjie

  25. arXiv2412.18208

    Quantum framework for Reinforcement Learning: Integrating Markov decision process, quantum arithmetic, and trajectory search

    This paper introduces a quantum framework for addressing reinforcement learning (RL) tasks, grounded in the quantum principles and leveraging a fully quantum model of the classical Markov decision process (MDP). By employing quantum concepts and a quantum search algorithm, this work presents the implementation and optimization of the agent-environment interactions entirely within the quantum domain, eliminating relia

    Su, Thet Htar, Shresthamali, Shaswot, Kondo, Masaaki

On this calendar day 18

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2018year

    A man intentionally struck pedestrians with a van on Yonge Street in Toronto, Canada, leading to 11 deaths.

  2. 2010year

    Arizona governor Jan Brewer signed into law the controversial anti–illegal immigration bill SB 1070, much of which was later struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court.

  3. 2009year

    The gamma-ray burst GRB 090423 was detected coming from the most distant astronomical object of any kind known at the time.

  4. 1982year

    The ZX Spectrum (pictured), Britain's best-selling microcomputer, was released.

  5. 1979year

    Blair Peach, a New Zealand teacher, was fatally injured while taking part in an Anti-Nazi League demonstration against a National Front election meeting in Southall, London.

  6. 1976year

    The American band the Ramones released their debut album, which became highly influential on the emerging punk rock movement.

  7. 1971year

    The Rolling Stones released Sticky Fingers, the first album on their own label, Rolling Stones Records.

  8. 1954year

    Batting for the Milwaukee Braves against Vic Raschi of the St. Louis Cardinals, Hank Aaron hit the first of his 755 home runs in Major League Baseball.

  9. 1951year

    American journalist William N. Oatis was arrested for espionage by the communist government of Czechoslovakia.

  10. 1945year

    World War II: The US Army's 90th Infantry Division liberated Flossenbürg concentration camp (pictured) in Germany, freeing 1,500 prisoners.

  11. 1942year

    Second World War: In retaliation for the Royal Air Force's bombing of Lübeck, the Luftwaffe began a series of air raids across England, beginning with Exeter.

  12. 1927year

    Cardiff City defeated Arsenal 1–0 in the FA Cup final (match programme pictured) in the only time the FA Cup has been won by a non-English team.

  13. 1920year

    The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the country's unicameral legislature, first met in Ankara in the midst of the Turkish War of Independence.

  14. 1918year

    First World War: The British Royal Navy launched unsuccessful raids on Ostend and Zeebrugge in German-occupied Belgium.

  15. 1891year

    Chilean Civil War: The armored frigate Blanco Encalada (pictured) was sunk at the Battle of Caldera Bay, the first ironclad warship lost to a self-propelled torpedo.

  16. 1724year

    Johann Sebastian Bach leads the first performance of his cantata Du Hirte Israel, höre, BWV 104, illustrating the topic of the Good Shepherd in pastoral music.

  17. 1685year

    Succeeding Charles II, his late brother, James II was crowned King of England, becoming last Catholic to hold the title.

  18. 1661year

    Charles II was crowned King of England, Scotland and Ireland at Westminster Abbey.