28081999.me

Record 17022026 · captured 2026-08-25

Tuesday, 17 February 2026

The world looked up Robert Duvall. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-02-16 Tuesday, 17 February 2026 2026-02-18 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 1,673,840views

    Robert Duvall

    Robert Selden Duvall was an American actor and filmmaker, best known for his roles in films of the later 20th century. Duvall began acting professionally on stage in 1952, performing in summer plays at the Gateway Playhouse in Bellport on Long Island until 195

  2. 323,526views

    Luciana Pedraza

    Luciana Pedraza is an Argentine actress and director. She was married to American actor Robert Duvall from 2005 until his death in 2026. She is the granddaughter of Argentine aviation pioneer Susana Ferrari Billinghurst.

  3. 258,523views

    Jeffrey Epstein

    Jeffrey Edward Epstein was an American financier and child sex offender. He began his career as a math teacher at the Dalton School in New York City, before entering the banking and finance sector. Over several decades, he made much of his fortune providing ta

  4. 243,889views

    Robert Duvall filmography

    American actor, director, and producer Robert Duvall had an extensive career in film and television, first appearing on an episode of Armstrong Circle Theatre in 1959. His television work during the 1960s includes Route 66 (1961), Alfred Hitchcock Presents (19

  5. 235,282views

    Wuthering Heights

    Wuthering Heights is the only novel by the English author Emily Brontë, initially published in 1847 under her pen name Ellis Bell. It concerns two extensive upland estates and their landowning families on the West Yorkshire moors, the Earnshaws and the Lintons

  6. 232,365views

    Eileen Gu

    Eileen Feng Gu, also known by her Chinese name Gu Ailing (谷爱凌), is a Chinese-American freestyle skier and model. She has represented China in halfpipe, slopestyle, and big air events since the 2018–19 season. With three gold and three silver medals, Gu is the

  7. 231,645views

    A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms (TV series)

    A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms is an American fantasy drama television series created by Ira Parker and George R. R. Martin. A prequel to Game of Thrones (2011–2019), it is the third television series in Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire franchise and is an adap

  8. 218,741views

    2026 Winter Olympics

    The 2026 Winter Olympics, officially the XXV Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Milano Cortina 2026, were an international winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 22 February 2026, at multiple sites across Lombardy, Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südti

  9. 198,046views

    Wuthering Heights (2026 film)

    Wuthering Heights is a 2026 romantic period drama film produced, written and directed by Emerald Fennell. Loosely based on the 1847 novel by Emily Brontë, the film is a reinterpretation intended by Fennell to "recreate the feeling of a teenage girl reading thi

  10. 170,748views

    1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

    Protests led by students and workers, known in China as the June Fourth Incident, were held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, from 15 April to 4 June 1989. After weeks of unsuccessful attempts between the demonstrators and the Chinese government to find a

  11. 159,910views

    Epstein files

    The Epstein files are a partially released collection of millions of documents, images, videos, and emails related to the activities of American financier and convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, including his social circle of public figures, politici

  12. 138,754views

    Deaths in 2026

    The following notable deaths occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality, what subject was

  13. 136,010views

    Savannah Guthrie

    Savannah Clark Guthrie is an Australian-American broadcast journalist and attorney. She is a main co-anchor of the NBC News morning show Today, a position she has held since July 2012.

  14. 133,999views

    John F. Kennedy Jr.

    John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr., also referred to as JFK Jr., was an American businessman, attorney, magazine publisher, and journalist. He was the son of the 35th U.S. president John F. Kennedy, and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy.

  15. 127,651views

    Elana Meyers Taylor

    Elana Meyers Taylor is an American Olympic bobsledder who has competed since 2007. Born in Oceanside, California, Meyers Taylor was raised in Douglasville, Georgia and is a graduate of George Washington University, where she was a member of the softball team.

  16. 127,492views

    2026 Men's T20 World Cup

    The 2026 ICC Men's T20 World Cup was the tenth edition of the ICC Men's T20 World Cup, co-hosted by Board of Control for Cricket in India and Sri Lanka Cricket from 7 February to 8 March 2026. Sri Lanka had previously hosted the competition in 2012 and India i

  17. 126,779views

    List of people named in the Epstein files

    The Epstein files comprise over six million pages of documents detailing the activities of American financier and convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. So far about three and a half million files have been made public with redactions, among them 180,00

  18. 123,287views

    Christian Lee Hutson

    Christian Lee Hutson is an American singer, musician and songwriter. He began his career as a member of The Driftwood Singers, before signing to ANTI- as a solo artist in 2019. He has released three full-length albums: Beginners (2020), Quitters (2022) and Par

  19. 120,865views

    Carolyn Bessette Kennedy

    Carolyn Jeanne Bessette-Kennedy was an American fashion publicist. Raised in Greenwich, Connecticut, she graduated from Boston University and joined Calvin Klein, where she rose from a sales position in Boston to publicity and show-production roles in New York

  20. 118,403views

    Maya Hawke

    Maya Ray Thurman Hawke is an American actress and singer-songwriter. The daughter of Ethan Hawke and Uma Thurman, she began her career in modeling and subsequently made her screen debut as Jo March in the 2017 BBC adaptation of Little Women. She gained interna

  21. 104,535views

    Men's T20 World Cup

    The ICC Men's T20 World Cup, formerly the ICC World Twenty20, is a biennial world cup for cricket in Twenty20 International (T20I) format, organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It was held in every odd year from 2007 to 2009, and since 2010 has

  22. 104,094views

    Bat Pussy

    Bat Pussy is an American pornographic film, believed to have been produced in the early 1970s. Ostensibly a spoof of the 1966–1968 Batman television series, it has been cited as the earliest example of a pornographic parody film and more infamously considered

  23. 97,062views

    Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis

    Jacqueline Lee Kennedy Onassis was the first lady of the United States from 1961 to 1963, as the wife of John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States. She redefined the previously mostly ceremonial role into a platform for arts and culture by hosti

  24. 94,842views

    Ghislaine Maxwell

    Ghislaine Noelle Marion Maxwell is a British convicted child sex trafficker and former socialite. In 2021, she was convicted of child sex trafficking, and in 2022 was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

  25. 94,552views

    Bruce Lee

    Bruce Lee was a Hong Kong and American martial artist, actor, and filmmaker. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy, which was formed from his experiences in unarmed fighting and self-defense—as well as eclectic, Zen Buddhist, and

  26. 93,188views

    Presidents' Day

    Presidents' Day, officially Washington's Birthday at the federal governmental level, is a holiday in the United States celebrated on the third Monday of February. It is often celebrated to honor all those who served as presidents of the United States and, sinc

  27. 89,504views

    O'Romeo

    O'Romeo is a 2026 Indian Hindi-language romantic action thriller film written and directed by Vishal Bhardwaj. Produced by Sajid Nadiadwala for Nadiadwala Grandson Entertainment, the film is based on the non-fiction book Mafia Queens of Mumbai by Hussain Zaidi

  28. 89,267views

    Ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Men's tournament

    The men's tournament in ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics took place in Milan, Italy, between 11 and 22 February 2026. Twelve countries qualified for the tournament; eight via ranking by the IIHF, three via qualification tournaments, and Italy as hosts. R

  29. 86,928views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as Neetsvil

  30. 85,766views

    Ilia Malinin

    Ilia Malinin is an American figure skater. He is a 2026 Olympic Games team event gold medalist, three-time World champion, three-time Grand Prix Final champion, seven-time Grand Prix gold medalist, four-time Challenger Series gold medalist, and four-time U.S.

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,346points

    Claude Sonnet 4.6

    1,226 comments

  2. 1,182points

    GrapheneOS – Break Free from Google and Apple

    925 comments

  3. 1,148points

    Thank HN: You helped save 33k lives

    112 comments

  4. 571points

    Dark web agent spotted bedroom wall clue to rescue girl from abuse

    357 comments

  5. 535points

    CBS didn't air Rep. James Talarico interview out of fear of FCC

    261 comments

  6. 530points

    Infrastructure decisions I endorse or regret after 4 years at a startup (2024)

    239 comments

  7. 522points

    Is Show HN dead? No, but it's drowning

    425 comments

  8. 470points

    Show HN: AsteroidOS 2.0 – Nobody asked, we shipped anyway

    68 comments

  9. 464points

    BarraCUDA Open-source CUDA compiler targeting AMD GPUs

    202 comments

  10. 462points

    Tesla 'Robotaxi' adds 5 more crashes in Austin in a month – 4x worse than humans

    275 comments

  11. 443points

    FreeCAD

    192 comments

  12. 436points

    Gentoo on Codeberg

    153 comments

  13. 432points

    Using go fix to modernize Go code

    83 comments

  14. 422points

    AI is destroying open source, and it's not even good yet

    356 comments

  15. 369points

    HackMyClaw

    182 comments

  16. 359points

    Tesla Sales Down 55% UK, 58% Spain, 59% Germany, 81% Netherlands, 93% Norway

    366 comments

  17. 285points

    Semantic ablation: Why AI writing is generic and boring

    204 comments

  18. 272points

    So you want to build a tunnel

    110 comments

  19. 270points

    I converted 2D conventional flight tracking into 3D

    56 comments

  20. 267points

    Discord Rival Gets Overwhelmed by Exodus of Players Fleeing Age-Verification

    145 comments

  21. 252points

    Show HN: I wrote a technical history book on Lisp

    100 comments

  22. 228points

    Async/Await on the GPU

    55 comments

  23. 223points

    Stephen Colbert says CBS forbid interview of Democrat because of FCC threat

    76 comments

  24. 203points

    How I use Obsidian (2023)

    94 comments

  25. 195points

    Poor Deming never stood a chance

    132 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2103.02872

    An RL-Based Adaptive Detection Strategy to Secure Cyber-Physical Systems

    Increased dependence on networked, software based control has escalated the vulnerabilities of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs). Detection and monitoring components developed leveraging dynamical systems theory are often employed as lightweight security measures for protecting such safety critical CPSs against false data injection attacks. However, existing approaches do not correlate attack scenarios with parameters of

    Koley, Ipsita, Adhikary, Sunandan, Dey, Soumyajit

  2. arXiv2103.14203

    Deep Two-Way Matrix Reordering for Relational Data Analysis

    Matrix reordering is a task to permute the rows and columns of a given observed matrix such that the resulting reordered matrix shows meaningful or interpretable structural patterns. Most existing matrix reordering techniques share the common processes of extracting some feature representations from an observed matrix in a predefined manner, and applying matrix reordering based on it. However, in some practical cases

    Watanabe, Chihiro, Suzuki, Taiji

  3. arXiv2106.04096

    Linear Convergence of Entropy-Regularized Natural Policy Gradient with Linear Function Approximation

    Natural policy gradient (NPG) methods with entropy regularization achieve impressive empirical success in reinforcement learning problems with large state-action spaces. However, their convergence properties and the impact of entropy regularization remain elusive in the function approximation regime. In this paper, we establish finite-time convergence analyses of entropy-regularized NPG with linear function approxima

    Cayci, Semih, He, Niao, Srikant, R.

  4. arXiv2112.06251

    Learning with Subset Stacking

    We propose a new regression algorithm that learns from a set of input-output pairs. Our algorithm is designed for populations where the relation between the input variables and the output variable exhibits a heterogeneous behavior across the predictor space. The algorithm starts with generating subsets that are concentrated around random points in the input space. This is followed by training a local predictor for ea

    Birbil, Ş. İlker, Yıldırım, Sinan, Çopur, Samet, Akyüz, M. Hakan

  5. arXiv2207.12381

    LightX3ECG: A Lightweight and eXplainable Deep Learning System for 3-lead Electrocardiogram Classification

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of heart and blood vessel disorders that is one of the most serious dangers to human health, and the number of such patients is still growing. Early and accurate detection plays a key role in successful treatment and intervention. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for identifying a variety of cardiovascular abnormalities. In clinical practices and most of the curr

    Le, Khiem H., Pham, Hieu H., Nguyen, Thao BT., Nguyen, Tu A. et al.

  6. arXiv2211.15549

    Realtime Data-Efficient Portrait Stylization Based On Geometric Alignment

    Portrait Stylization aims to imbue portrait photos with vivid artistic effects drawn from style examples. Despite the availability of enormous training datasets and large network weights, existing methods struggle to maintain geometric consistency and achieve satisfactory stylization effects due to the disparity in facial feature distributions between facial photographs and stylized images, limiting the application o

    Wang, Xinrui, Li, Zhuoru, Zhou, Xiao, Iwasawa, Yusuke et al.

  7. arXiv2303.09807

    TKN: Transformer-based Keypoint Prediction Network For Real-time Video Prediction

    Video prediction is a complex time-series forecasting task with great potential in many use cases. However, traditional methods prioritize accuracy and overlook slow prediction speeds due to complex model structures, redundant information, and excessive GPU memory consumption. These methods often predict frames sequentially, making acceleration difficult and limiting their applicability in real-time scenarios like da

    Li, Haoran, Li, XiaoLu, Lin, Yihang, Hao, Yanbin et al.

  8. arXiv2305.01186

    Deconstructing Student Perceptions of Generative AI (GenAI) through an Expectancy Value Theory (EVT)-based Instrument

    This study examines the relationship between student perceptions and their intention to use generative AI in higher education. Drawing on Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT), a questionnaire was developed to measure students' knowledge of generative AI, perceived value, and perceived cost. A sample of 405 students participated in the study, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the constructs. The resul

    Chan, Cecilia Ka Yuk, Zhou, Wenxin

  9. arXiv2306.14297

    Inference for relative sparsity

    In healthcare, there is much interest in estimating policies, or mappings from covariates to treatment decisions. Recently, there is also interest in constraining these estimated policies to the standard of care, which generated the observed data. A relative sparsity penalty was proposed to derive policies that have sparse, explainable differences from the standard of care, facilitating justification of the new polic

    Weisenthal, Samuel J., Thurston, Sally W., Ertefaie, Ashkan

  10. arXiv2307.14397

    A Survey on Generative Modeling with Limited Data, Few Shots, and Zero Shot

    Generative modeling in machine learning aims to synthesize new data samples that are statistically similar to those observed during training. While conventional generative models such as GANs and diffusion models typically assume access to large and diverse datasets, many real-world applications (e.g. in medicine, satellite imaging, and artistic domains) operate under limited data availability and strict constraints.

    Abdollahzadeh, Milad, Liu, Guimeng, Malekzadeh, Touba, Teo, Christopher T. H. et al.

  11. arXiv2312.02355

    When is Offline Policy Selection Sample Efficient for Reinforcement Learning?

    Offline reinforcement learning algorithms often require careful hyperparameter tuning. Before deployment, we need to select amongst a set of candidate policies. However, there is limited understanding about the fundamental limits of this offline policy selection (OPS) problem. In this work we provide clarity on when sample efficient OPS is possible, primarily by connecting OPS to off-policy policy evaluation (OPE) an

    Liu, Vincent, Nagarajan, Prabhat, Patterson, Andrew, White, Martha

  12. arXiv2312.11797

    Data-Driven Merton's Strategies via Policy Randomization

    We study Merton's expected utility maximization problem in an incomplete market, characterized by a factor process in addition to the stock price process, where all the model primitives are unknown. The agent under consideration is a price taker who has access only to the stock and factor value processes and the instantaneous volatility. We propose an auxiliary problem in which the agent can invoke policy randomi

    Dai, Min, Dong, Yuchao, Jia, Yanwei, Zhou, Xun Yu

  13. arXiv2402.02644

    Permutation-based Inference for Variational Learning of Directed Acyclic Graphs

    Estimating the structure of Bayesian networks as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data is a fundamental challenge, particularly in causal discovery. Bayesian approaches excel by quantifying uncertainty and addressing identifiability, but key obstacles remain: (i) representing distributions over DAGs and (ii) estimating a posterior in the underlying combinatorial space. We introduce PIVID, a method th

    Bonilla, Edwin V., Elinas, Pantelis, Zhao, He, Filippone, Maurizio et al.

  14. arXiv2402.03931

    Fully autonomous tuning of a spin qubit

    Spanning over two decades, the study of qubits in semiconductors for quantum computing has yielded significant breakthroughs. However, the development of large-scale semiconductor quantum circuits is still limited by challenges in efficiently tuning and operating these circuits. Identifying optimal operating conditions for these qubits is complex, involving the exploration of vast parameter spaces. This presents a re

    Schuff, Jonas, Carballido, Miguel J., Kotzagiannidis, Madeleine, Calvo, Juan Carlos et al.

  15. arXiv2402.15751

    Sparse MeZO: Less Parameters for Better Performance in Zeroth-Order LLM Fine-Tuning

    While fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for specific tasks often yields impressive results, it comes at the cost of memory inefficiency due to back-propagation in gradient-based training. Memory-efficient Zeroth-order (MeZO) optimizers, recently proposed to address this issue, only require forward passes during training, making them more memory-friendly. However, compared with exact gradients, ZO-based gradien

    Liu, Yong, Zhu, Zirui, Gong, Chaoyu, Cheng, Minhao et al.

  16. arXiv2403.15605

    Efficiently Assemble Normalization Layers and Regularization for Federated Domain Generalization

    Domain shift is a formidable issue in Machine Learning that causes a model to suffer from performance degradation when tested on unseen domains. Federated Domain Generalization (FedDG) attempts to train a global model using collaborative clients in a privacy-preserving manner that can generalize well to unseen clients possibly with domain shift. However, most existing FedDG methods either cause additional privacy ris

    Le, Khiem, Ho, Long, Do, Cuong, Le-Phuoc, Danh et al.

  17. arXiv2404.08634

    When Attention Collapses: How Degenerate Layers in LLMs Enable Smaller, Stronger Models

    Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their performance, but we uncover a significant structural inefficiency: a phenomenon we term attention collapse. In many pre-trained decoder-style LLMs, the attention matrices in deeper layers degenerate, collapsing to near rank-one structures. These underutilized layers, which we call lazy layers, are redundant and impair model efficiency. To address this, we introduce Inh

    Sanyal, Sunny, Shwartz-Ziv, Ravid, Dimakis, Alexandros G., Sanghavi, Sujay

  18. arXiv2404.13895

    Optimal Design for Human Preference Elicitation

    Learning of preference models from human feedback has been central to recent advances in artificial intelligence. Motivated by the cost of obtaining high-quality human annotations, we study efficient human preference elicitation for learning preference models. The key idea in our work is to generalize optimal designs, an approach to computing optimal information-gathering policies, to lists of items that represent po

    Mukherjee, Subhojyoti, Lalitha, Anusha, Kalantari, Kousha, Deshmukh, Aniket et al.

  19. arXiv2405.06443

    Residual-based Attention Physics-informed Neural Networks for Spatio-Temporal Ageing Assessment of Transformers Operated in Renewable Power Plants

    Transformers are crucial for reliable and efficient power system operations, particularly in supporting the integration of renewable energy. Effective monitoring of transformer health is critical to maintain grid stability and performance. Thermal insulation ageing is a key transformer failure mode, which is generally tracked by monitoring the hotspot temperature (HST). However, HST measurement is complex, costly, an

    Ramirez, Ibai, Pino, Joel, Pardo, David, Sanz, Mikel et al.

  20. arXiv2405.07788

    DEPTH: Discourse Education through Pre-Training Hierarchically

    Language Models (LMs) struggle with linguistic understanding at the discourse level, even though discourse patterns such as coherence, cohesion, and narrative flow are prevalent in their pre-training data. To improve the discourse capabilities of LMs already at the pre-training stage, we introduce DEPTH, an encoder-decoder model that learns latent representations for sentences using a discourse-oriented pre-training

    Bamberger, Zachary, Glick, Ofek, Baskin, Chaim, Belinkov, Yonatan

  21. arXiv2406.04955

    Experimental Evaluation of ROS-Causal in Real-World Human-Robot Spatial Interaction Scenarios

    Deploying robots in human-shared environments requires a deep understanding of how nearby agents and objects interact. Employing causal inference to model cause-and-effect relationships facilitates the prediction of human behaviours and enables the anticipation of robot interventions. However, a significant challenge arises due to the absence of implementation of existing causal discovery methods within the ROS ecosy

    Castri, Luca, Beraldo, Gloria, Mghames, Sariah, Hanheide, Marc et al.

  22. arXiv2406.11047

    Enhancing Supermarket Robot Interaction: A Multi-Level LLM Conversational Interface for Handling Diverse Customer Intents

    This paper presents the design and evaluation of a novel multi-level LLM interface for supermarket robots to assist customers. The proposed interface allows customers to convey their needs through both generic and specific queries. While state-of-the-art systems like OpenAI's GPTs are highly adaptable and easy to build and deploy, they still face challenges such as increased response times and limitations in stra

    Nandkumar, Chandran, Peternel, Luka

  23. arXiv2406.12844

    Synergizing Foundation Models and Federated Learning: A Survey

    Over the past few years, the landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been reshaped by the emergence of Foundation Models (FMs). Pre-trained on massive datasets, these models exhibit exceptional performance across diverse downstream tasks through adaptation techniques like fine-tuning and prompt learning. More recently, the synergy of FMs and Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm, often ter

    Li, Shenghui, Ye, Fanghua, Fang, Meng, Zhao, Jiaxu et al.

  24. arXiv2406.19898

    Paraphrase Types Elicit Prompt Engineering Capabilities

    Much of the success of modern language models depends on finding a suitable prompt to instruct the model. Until now, it has been largely unknown how variations in the linguistic expression of prompts affect these models. This study systematically and empirically evaluates which linguistic features influence models through paraphrase types, i.e., different linguistic changes at particular positions. We measure behavio

    Wahle, Jan Philip, Ruas, Terry, Xu, Yang, Gipp, Bela

  25. arXiv2407.05006

    Recent Advancements and Challenges of Turkic Central Asian Language Processing

    Research in NLP for Central Asian Turkic languages - Kazakh, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Turkmen - faces typical low-resource language challenges like data scarcity, limited linguistic resources and technology development. However, recent advancements have included the collection of language-specific datasets and the development of models for downstream tasks. Thus, this paper aims to summarize recent progress and identify fu

    Veitsman, Yana, Hartmann, Mareike

On this calendar day 14

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2011year

    Arab Spring: Bahraini security forces killed four protesters in a pre-dawn raid at the Pearl Roundabout in Manama, while the "Day of Rage" took place in Libya with nationwide protests against Muammar Gaddafi's government.

  2. 1996year

    An earthquake with a moment magnitude of 8.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent) occurred in the New Guinea Trench, which generated a tsunami that killed 108 people.

  3. 1978year

    The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army carried out a bombing of a restaurant near Belfast, Northern Ireland, killing twelve people and injuring thirty others.

  4. 1974year

    A U.S. Army soldier stole a Bell UH-1 helicopter (pictured) and landed it on the South Lawn of the White House in Washington, D.C.

  5. 1964year

    Gabonese military officers overthrew President Léon M'ba, but French forces, honouring a 1960 treaty, forcibly reinstated him two days later.

  6. 1959year

    Vanguard 2 (model pictured), the first weather satellite, was launched to measure cloud cover distribution.

  7. 1944year

    World War II: The U.S. Navy began Operation Hailstone, a massive naval air and surface attack against the Japanese naval and air base at Chuuk Lagoon in the Caroline Islands.

  8. 1913year

    The Armory Show (commemorative button pictured), the first large modern-art exhibition in the United States, opened at the 69th Regiment Armory in New York City.

  9. 1904year

    Italian composer Giacomo Puccini's Madama Butterfly premiered at La Scala in Milan to poor reviews, forcing him to revise the opera.

  10. 1894year

    Rudolf Diesel's first working diesel engine ran for one minute.

  11. 1859year

    Cochinchina campaign: French Navy forces captured the Citadel of Saigon, defended by 1,000 Vietnamese soldiers of the Nguyễn dynasty.

  12. 1838year

    Great Trek: Zulu impis massacred about 532 Voortrekkers, Khoekhoe, and Basuto near present-day Weenen, South Africa.

  13. 1815year

    The United States ratifies the Treaty of Ghent – signed in late 1814 – formally ending the War of 1812.

  14. 1621year

    Myles Standish was elected the first commander of the militia of Plymouth Colony.