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Record 04022026 · captured 2026-08-25

Wednesday, 4 February 2026

The world looked up Jeffrey Epstein. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-02-03 Wednesday, 4 February 2026 2026-02-05 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 1,030,479views

    Jeffrey Epstein

    Jeffrey Edward Epstein was an American financier and child sex offender. He began his career as a math teacher at the Dalton School in New York City, before entering the banking and finance sector. Over several decades, he made much of his fortune providing ta

  2. 755,861views

    Epstein files

    The Epstein files are a partially released collection of millions of documents, images, videos, and emails related to the activities of American financier and convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, including his social circle of public figures, politici

  3. 485,522views

    Savannah Guthrie

    Savannah Clark Guthrie is an Australian-American broadcast journalist and attorney. She is a main co-anchor of the NBC News morning show Today, a position she has held since July 2012.

  4. 247,841views

    Iron Lung (film)

    Iron Lung is a 2026 American independent science fiction horror film starring writer, editor, and director Mark Fischbach in his feature-length directorial debut. It is based on the 2022 video game by David Szymanski. It also stars Caroline Kaplan, Troy Baker,

  5. 224,170views

    Bad Bunny

    Benito Antonio Martínez Ocasio, known professionally as Bad Bunny, is a Puerto Rican rapper, singer and record producer. Dubbed the "King of Latin Trap", he is widely credited with helping Spanish-language rap reach mainstream global popularity and is consider

  6. 220,295views

    Ghislaine Maxwell

    Ghislaine Noelle Marion Maxwell is a British convicted child sex trafficker and former socialite. In 2021, she was convicted of child sex trafficking, and in 2022 was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

  7. 202,419views

    Peter Mandelson

    Peter Benjamin Mandelson, Baron Mandelson, is a British former Labour Party politician, lobbyist and diplomat. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hartlepool from 1992 to 2004. He served in Tony Blair and Gordon Brown's cabinets as Minister without portfo

  8. 171,496views

    Dhurandhar

    Dhurandhar is a 2025 Indian Hindi-language spy action thriller film written and directed by Aditya Dhar. It is produced by Aditya Dhar, Lokesh Dhar and Jyoti Deshpande under Jio Studios and B62 Studios. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Ranveer

  9. 157,150views

    Catherine O'Hara

    Catherine Anne O'Hara was a Canadian and American actress and comedian, whose career spanned over 50 years. O'Hara started in sketch and improvisational comedy in film and television before taking dramatic roles to expand her career. She received various accol

  10. 150,859views

    Olivia Dean

    Olivia Lauryn Dean is an English singer and songwriter. Her accolades include four Brit Awards and the Grammy Award for Best New Artist.

  11. 133,559views

    Little Saint James

    Little Saint James, nicknamed Epstein Island, is a small private island in the United States Virgin Islands southeast of Saint Thomas. It was owned by American financier and convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein from 1998 until his death in 2019.

  12. 128,296views

    Deaths in 2026

    The following notable deaths occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality, what subject was

  13. 125,981views

    68th Annual Grammy Awards

    The 68th Annual Grammy Awards honored the best recordings, compositions, and artists from August 31, 2024, to August 30, 2025, as chosen by the members of the Recording Academy, on February 1, 2026. In its 23rd year at Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles and for t

  14. 118,184views

    Death of Jeffrey Epstein

    On August 10, 2019, Jeffrey Epstein, an American financier and a child sex offender, was found unresponsive in his jail cell at 6:30 a.m, at the Metropolitan Correctional Center in New York City, hanging off the side of his cell's bed, where he was awaiting tr

  15. 116,452views

    Chuck Negron

    Charles Negron II was an American singer-songwriter. He was best known as a founding member and lead vocalist of the rock band Three Dog Night.

  16. 112,069views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as Neetsvil

  17. 108,037views

    A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms (TV series)

    A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms is an American fantasy drama television series created by Ira Parker and George R. R. Martin. A prequel to Game of Thrones (2011–2019), it is the third television series in Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire franchise and is an adap

  18. 107,928views

    Pizzagate conspiracy theory

    "Pizzagate" is a conspiracy theory that went viral during the 2016 United States presidential election cycle, falsely claiming that the New York City Police Department (NYPD) had discovered a pedophile ring linked to members of the Democratic Party while searc

  19. 105,156views

    Billie Eilish

    Billie Eilish Pirate Baird O'Connell is an American singer-songwriter. Known for her distinctive musical sound and vocal style, Eilish is a prominent figure in 2020s pop culture. She first gained public attention in 2015 with her debut single "Ocean Eyes" whic

  20. 102,890views

    Border 2

    Border 2 is a 2026 Indian Hindi-language epic war film co-written and directed by Anurag Singh. A sequel to J. P. Dutta's 1997 film Border, it was produced by Bhushan Kumar, Krishan Kumar, J. P. Dutta, and Nidhi Dutta under the banners of T-Series Films and J.

  21. 99,309views

    Chappell Roan

    Kayleigh Rose Amstutz, known professionally as Chappell Roan, is an American singer and songwriter. She is known for her camp and drag queen–influenced style.

  22. 98,115views

    Bruce Lee

    Bruce Lee was a Hong Kong and American martial artist, actor, and filmmaker. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy, which was formed from his experiences in unarmed fighting and self-defense—as well as eclectic, Zen Buddhist, and

  23. 95,554views

    Michael Feldman (consultant)

    Michael Feldman is an American public relations and communications consultant and a former Democratic political adviser. Feldman was Vice President Al Gore’s traveling chief of staff during the 2000 presidential election campaign. He is a founding partner and

  24. 95,287views

    2026 Winter Olympics

    The 2026 Winter Olympics, officially the XXV Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Milano Cortina 2026, were an international winter multi-sport event held from 6 to 22 February 2026, at multiple sites across Lombardy, Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südti

  25. 95,105views

    Josh D'Amaro

    Josh D'Amaro is an American business executive who has been the chief executive officer of the Walt Disney Company since 2026, succeeding Bob Iger. D'Amaro has been employed by the Walt Disney Company for 27 years, specializing in its resorts sector, being pre

  26. 94,439views

    Mark Epstein (property developer)

    Mark Lawrence Epstein, nicknamed "Puggy", is an American property developer and real estate investor. The brother of convicted sex offender and financier Jeffrey Epstein, he has been active in real estate since the 1990s, founding and leading several companies

  27. 93,355views

    Send Help

    Send Help is a 2026 American survival horror film directed and co-produced by Sam Raimi and written by Damian Shannon and Mark Swift. The film stars Rachel McAdams and Dylan O'Brien as an employee and her boss, respectively, who become stranded on a desert isl

  28. 92,511views

    Jeff Bezos

    Jeffrey Preston Bezos is an American businessman, and the founder, executive chairman, and former president and CEO of Amazon, the world's largest e-commerce and cloud computing company. According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes, he was the worl

  29. 90,731views

    Four-minute mile

    A four-minute mile is the completion of a mile run (1.609 km) in four minutes or less. It translates to an average speed of 15 miles per hour (24.1 km/h). It is a standard for male professional middle-distance runners in several countries.

  30. 88,129views

    Virginia Giuffre

    Virginia Lee Roberts Giuffre was an American and Australian advocate for survivors of sex trafficking and one of the most prominent accusers of Jeffrey Epstein. Giuffre provided detailed allegations to media outlets about Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell. She all

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,310points

    I miss thinking hard

    718 comments

  2. 1,012points

    Voxtral Transcribe 2

    241 comments

  3. 655points

    Start all of your commands with a comma (2009)

    244 comments

  4. 600points

    FBI couldn't get into WaPo reporter's iPhone because Lockdown Mode enabled

    530 comments

  5. 544points

    Recreating Epstein PDFs from raw encoded attachments

    201 comments

  6. 517points

    AI is killing B2B SaaS

    729 comments

  7. 493points

    Claude is a space to think

    266 comments

  8. 409points

    A case study in PDF forensics: The Epstein PDFs

    236 comments

  9. 324points

    The Great Unwind

    347 comments

  10. 317points

    Guinea worm on track to be 2nd eradicated human disease; only 10 cases in 2025

    156 comments

  11. 300points

    Microsoft's Copilot chatbot is running into problems

    380 comments

  12. 298points

    Why more companies are recognizing the benefits of keeping older employees

    145 comments

  13. 298points

    Show HN: Ghidra MCP Server – 110 tools for AI-assisted reverse engineering

    68 comments

  14. 276points

    Claude Code for Infrastructure

    176 comments

  15. 243points

    How Jeff Bezos Brought Down the Washington Post

    262 comments

  16. 223points

    French streamer unbanked by Qonto after criticizing Palantir and Peter Thiel

    75 comments

  17. 213points

    Petition for Recognition of Work on Open-Source as Volunteering in Germany

    50 comments

  18. 208points

    Show HN: It took 4 years to sell my startup. I wrote a book about it

    68 comments

  19. 205points

    Building a 24-bit arcade CRT display adapter from scratch

    64 comments

  20. 184points

    Spotlighting the World Factbook as We Bid a Fond Farewell

    153 comments

  21. 164points

    Attention at Constant Cost per Token via Symmetry-Aware Taylor Approximation

    96 comments

  22. 140points

    Steve Bannon Proposes Using ICE in Elections

    94 comments

  23. 137points

    Illinois joins WHO global outbreak network after U.S. withdraws

    52 comments

  24. 134points

    Rabbit Ear "Origami": programmable origami in the browser

    5 comments

  25. 132points

    The F Word

    66 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2110.08902

    On the Convergence of Experience Replay in Policy Optimization: Characterizing Bias, Variance, and Finite-Time Convergence

    Experience replay is a core ingredient of modern deep reinforcement learning, yet its benefits in policy optimization are poorly understood beyond empirical heuristics. This paper develops a novel theoretical framework for experience replay in modern policy gradient methods, where two sources of dependence fundamentally complicate analysis: Markovian correlations along trajectories and policy drift across optimizatio

    Zheng, Hua, Xie, Wei, Feng, M. Ben

  2. arXiv2212.13059

    OMSN and FAROS: OCTA Microstructure Segmentation Network and Fully Annotated Retinal OCTA Segmentation Dataset

    The lack of efficient segmentation methods and fully-labeled datasets limits the comprehensive assessment of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) microstructures like retinal vessel network (RVN) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ), which are of great value in ophthalmic and systematic diseases evaluation. Here, we introduce an innovative OCTA microstructure segmentation network (OMSN) by combining an encoder-

    Xiao, Peng, Hu, Xiaodong, Ma, Ke, Wang, Gengyuan et al.

  3. arXiv2301.07473

    Discrete Latent Structure in Neural Networks

    Many types of data from fields including natural language processing, computer vision, and bioinformatics, are well represented by discrete, compositional structures such as trees, sequences, or matchings. Latent structure models are a powerful tool for learning to extract such representations, offering a way to incorporate structural bias, discover insight about the data, and interpret decisions. However, effective

    Niculae, Vlad, Corro, Caio F., Nangia, Nikita, Mihaylova, Tsvetomila et al.

  4. arXiv2301.12412

    Contextual Causal Bayesian Optimisation

    We introduce a unified framework for contextual and causal Bayesian optimisation, which aims to design intervention policies maximising the expectation of a target variable. Our approach leverages both observed contextual information and known causal graph structures to guide the search. Within this framework, we propose a novel algorithm that jointly optimises over policies and the sets of variables on which these p

    Arsenyan, Vahan, Grosnit, Antoine, Bou-Ammar, Haitham, Dalalyan, Arnak

  5. arXiv2304.04914

    Regulatory Markets: The Future of AI Governance

    Appropriately regulating artificial intelligence is an increasingly urgent and widespread policy challenge. We identify two primary, competing problem. First is a technical deficit: Legislatures and regulatory face significant challenges in rapidly translating conventional command-and-control legal requirements into technical requirements. Second is a democratic deficit: Over-reliance on industry to provide technical

    Hadfield, Gillian K., Clark, Jack

  6. arXiv2305.11408

    AlignAtt: Using Attention-based Audio-Translation Alignments as a Guide for Simultaneous Speech Translation

    Attention is the core mechanism of today's most used architectures for natural language processing and has been analyzed from many perspectives, including its effectiveness for machine translation-related tasks. Among these studies, attention resulted to be a useful source of information to get insights about word alignment also when the input text is substituted with audio segments, as in the case of the speech

    Papi, Sara, Turchi, Marco, Negri, Matteo

  7. arXiv2305.19663

    Beyond Regular Grids: Fourier-Based Neural Operators on Arbitrary Domains

    The computational efficiency of many neural operators, widely used for learning solutions of PDEs, relies on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for performing spectral computations. As the FFT is limited to equispaced (rectangular) grids, this limits the efficiency of such neural operators when applied to problems where the input and output functions need to be processed on general non-equispaced point distributions. L

    Lingsch, Levi, Michelis, Mike Y., de Bezenac, Emmanuel, Perera, Sirani M. et al.

  8. arXiv2401.11576

    Quantum Architecture Search with Unsupervised Representation Learning

    Unsupervised representation learning presents new opportunities for advancing Quantum Architecture Search (QAS) on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. QAS is designed to optimize quantum circuits for Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs). Most QAS algorithms tightly couple the search space and search algorithm, typically requiring the evaluation of numerous quantum circuits, resulting in high computation

    Sun, Yize, Wu, Zixin, Tresp, Volker, Ma, Yunpu

  9. arXiv2405.02162

    Mapping the Unseen: Unified Promptable Panoptic Mapping with Dynamic Labeling using Foundation Models

    Panoptic maps enable robots to reason about both geometry and semantics. However, open-vocabulary models repeatedly produce closely related labels that split panoptic entities and degrade volumetric consistency. The proposed UPPM advances open-world scene understanding by leveraging foundation models to introduce a panoptic Dynamic Descriptor that reconciles open-vocabulary labels with unified category structure and

    Mdfaa, Mohamad Al, Salameh, Raghad, Kulathunga, Geesara, Zagoruyko, Sergey et al.

  10. arXiv2405.09125

    HAAP: Vision-context Hierarchical Attention Autoregressive with Adaptive Permutation for Scene Text Recognition

    Scene Text Recognition (STR) is challenging in extracting effective character representations from visual data when text is unreadable. Permutation language modeling (PLM) is introduced to refine character predictions by jointly capturing contextual and visual information. However, in PLM, the use of random permutations causes training fit oscillation, and the iterative refinement (IR) operation also introduces addit

    Chen, Honghui, Qiu, Yuhang, Wang, Jiabao, Chen, Pingping et al.

  11. arXiv2405.15743

    Sparse maximal update parameterization: A holistic approach to sparse training dynamics

    Several challenges make it difficult for sparse neural networks to compete with dense models. First, setting a large fraction of weights to zero impairs forward and gradient signal propagation. Second, sparse studies often need to test multiple sparsity levels, while also introducing new hyperparameters (HPs), leading to prohibitive tuning costs. Indeed, the standard practice is to re-use the learning HPs originally

    Dey, Nolan, Bergsma, Shane, Hestness, Joel

  12. arXiv2406.13930

    ME-IGM: Individual-Global-Max in Maximum Entropy Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    Multi-agent credit assignment is a fundamental challenge for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where a team of agents learn from shared reward signals. The Individual-Global-Max (IGM) condition is a widely used principle for multi-agent credit assignment, requiring that the joint action determined by individual Q-functions maximizes the global Q-value. Meanwhile, the principle of maximum entropy

    Chen, Wen-Tse, Li, Yuxuan, Huang, Shiyu, Chen, Jiayu et al.

  13. arXiv2406.15098

    How Intermodal Interaction Affects the Performance of Deep Multimodal Fusion for Mixed-Type Time Series

    Mixed-type time series (MTTS) is a bimodal data type that is common in many domains, such as healthcare, finance, environmental monitoring, and social media. It consists of regularly sampled continuous time series and irregularly sampled categorical event sequences. The integration of both modalities through multimodal fusion is a promising approach for processing MTTS. However, the question of how to effectively fus

    Dietz, Simon, Altstidl, Thomas, Zanca, Dario, Eskofier, Björn et al.

  14. arXiv2406.15163

    A Syntax-Injected Approach for Faster and More Accurate Sentiment Analysis

    Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a crucial aspect of Natural Language Processing (NLP), focusing on identifying and interpreting subjective assessments in textual content. Syntactic parsing is useful in SA as it improves accuracy and provides explainability; however, it often becomes a computational bottleneck due to slow parsing algorithms. This article proposes a solution to this bottleneck by using a Sequence Labeling S

    Imran, Muhammad, Kellert, Olga, Gómez-Rodríguez, Carlos

  15. arXiv2407.03094

    Conformal Prediction for Causal Effects of Continuous Treatments

    Uncertainty quantification of causal effects is crucial for safety-critical applications such as personalized medicine. A powerful approach for this is conformal prediction, which has several practical benefits due to model-agnostic finite-sample guarantees. Yet, existing methods for conformal prediction of causal effects are limited to binary/discrete treatments and make highly restrictive assumptions such as known

    Schröder, Maresa, Frauen, Dennis, Schweisthal, Jonas, Heß, Konstantin et al.

  16. arXiv2409.00592

    Hyper-Compression: Model Compression via Hyperfunction

    The rapid growth of large models' size has far outpaced that of computing resources. To bridge this gap, encouraged by the parsimonious relationship between genotype and phenotype in the brain's growth and development, we propose the so-called Hyper-Compression that turns the model compression into the issue of parameter representation via a hyperfunction. Specifically, it is known that the trajectory of some

    Fan, Fenglei, Fan, Juntong, Wang, Dayang, Zhang, Jingbo et al.

  17. arXiv2409.15113

    Inferring Scientific Cross-Document Coreference and Hierarchy with Definition-Augmented Relational Reasoning

    We address the fundamental task of inferring cross-document coreference and hierarchy in scientific texts, which has important applications in knowledge graph construction, search, recommendation and discovery. Large Language Models (LLMs) can struggle when faced with many long-tail technical concepts with nuanced variations. We present a novel method which generates context-dependent definitions of concept mentions

    Forer, Lior, Hope, Tom

  18. arXiv2410.01615

    Saliency-Guided DETR for Moment Retrieval and Highlight Detection

    Existing approaches for video moment retrieval and highlight detection are not able to align text and video features efficiently, resulting in unsatisfying performance and limited production usage. To address this, we propose a novel architecture that utilizes recent foundational video models designed for such alignment. Combined with the introduced Saliency-Guided Cross Attention mechanism and a hybrid DETR architec

    Gordeev, Aleksandr, Dokholyan, Vladimir, Tolstykh, Irina, Kuprashevich, Maksim

  19. arXiv2410.04779

    Fast Training of Sinusoidal Neural Fields via Scaling Initialization

    Neural fields are an emerging paradigm that represent data as continuous functions parameterized by neural networks. Despite many advantages, neural fields often have a high training cost, which prevents a broader adoption. In this paper, we focus on a popular family of neural fields, called sinusoidal neural fields (SNFs), and study how it should be initialized to maximize the training speed. We find that the standa

    Yeom, Taesun, Lee, Sangyoon, Lee, Jaeho

  20. arXiv2411.06501

    Individual Regret in Cooperative Stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits

    We study the regret in stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB) with multiple agents that communicate over an arbitrary connected communication graph. We analyzed a variant of Cooperative Successive Elimination algorithm, COOP-SE, and show an individual regret bound of $O(R/ m + A^2 + A \sqrt{\log T})$ and a nearly matching lower bound. Here $A$ is the number of actions, $T$ the time horizon, $m$ the number of agents, an

    Barnea, Idan, Lancewicki, Tal, Mansour, Yishay

  21. arXiv2411.12992

    MemoryFormer: Minimize Transformer Computation by Removing Fully-Connected Layers

    In order to reduce the computational complexity of large language models, great efforts have been made to to improve the efficiency of transformer models such as linear attention and flash-attention. However, the model size and corresponding computational complexity are constantly scaled up in pursuit of higher performance. In this work, we present MemoryFormer, a novel transformer architecture which significantly re

    Ding, Ning, Tang, Yehui, Qin, Haochen, Zhou, Zhenli et al.

  22. arXiv2411.14349

    Agnostic Learning of Arbitrary ReLU Activation under Gaussian Marginals

    We consider the problem of learning an arbitrarily-biased ReLU activation (or neuron) over Gaussian marginals with the squared loss objective. Despite the ReLU neuron being the basic building block of modern neural networks, we still do not understand the basic algorithmic question of whether one arbitrary ReLU neuron is learnable in the non-realizable setting. In particular, all existing polynomial time algorithms o

    Guo, Anxin, Vijayaraghavan, Aravindan

  23. arXiv2412.16249

    Decoding fairness: a reinforcement learning perspective

    Behavioral experiments on the ultimatum game (UG) reveal that we humans prefer fair acts, which contradicts the prediction made in orthodox Economics. Existing explanations, however, are mostly attributed to exogenous factors within the imitation learning framework. Here, we adopt the reinforcement learning paradigm, where individuals make their moves aiming to maximize their accumulated rewards. Specifically, we app

    Zheng, Guozhong, Zhang, Jiqiang, Ou, Xin, Deng, Shengfeng et al.

  24. arXiv2412.20418

    Diff4MMLiTS: Advanced Multimodal Liver Tumor Segmentation via Diffusion-Based Image Synthesis and Alignment

    Multimodal learning has been demonstrated to enhance performance across various clinical tasks, owing to the diverse perspectives offered by different modalities of data. However, existing multimodal segmentation methods rely on well-registered multimodal data, which is unrealistic for real-world clinical images, particularly for indistinct and diffuse regions such as liver tumors. In this paper, we introduce Diff4MM

    Chen, Shiyun, Lin, Li, Cheng, Pujin, Jin, ZhiCheng et al.

  25. arXiv2501.06861

    Integrators at War: Mediating in AI-assisted Resort-to-Force Decisions

    The integration of AI systems into the military domain is changing the way war-related decisions are made. It binds together three disparate groups of actors - developers, integrators, users - and creates a relationship between these groups and the machine, embedded in the (pre-)existing organisational and system structures. In this article, we focus on the important, but often neglected, group of integrators within

    Müller, Dennis, Chiodo, Maurice, Sienknecht, Mitja

On this calendar day 18

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2015year

    Shortly after takeoff from Taipei Songshan Airport, the crew of TransAsia Airways Flight 235 shut down the wrong engine in response to a flameout, leading to a crash that resulted in 43 deaths.

  2. 2008year

    The London low emission zone (sign pictured), charging certain diesel-powered commercial vehicles to enter Greater London, came into operation.

  3. 1999year

    Four plain-clothes New York City police officers shot and killed Amadou Diallo, an unarmed 23-year-old immigrant from Guinea, prompting outrage both in and outside the city.

  4. 1999year

    The Philippine-flagged freighter New Carissa ran aground near Coos Bay, Oregon, causing one of the worst oil spills in the state's history.

  5. 1998year

    An earthquake registering 5.9 MW struck northern Afghanistan, triggering landslides that killed over 2,300 people and destroyed around 15,000 homes.

  6. 1974year

    American newspaper heiress and socialite Patty Hearst was kidnapped by the Symbionese Liberation Army, which she later joined.

  7. 1974year

    The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army bombed a motor coach carrying off-duty British Armed Forces personnel and their family members, killing twelve people.

  8. 1969year

    Yasser Arafat (pictured) was elected chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization.

  9. 1945year

    World War II: American forces liberated the Santo Tomas Internment Camp in Manila, the largest Japanese-run internment camp for enemy civilians in the Philippines.

  10. 1899year

    The Philippine–American War began when an American soldier, under orders to keep insurgents away from his unit's encampment, fired on a Filipino soldier in Manila.

  11. 1859year

    Constantin von Tischendorf rediscovered the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th-century great uncial codex of the Bible in Greek, in Saint Catherine's Monastery, Egypt.

  12. 1820year

    Chilean War of Independence: Chilean forces captured the city of Valdivia.

  13. 1801year

    John Marshall, whose court opinions helped lay the basis for U.S. constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a coequal branch of government, took office as chief justice.

  14. 1797year

    The Riobamba earthquake, the most powerful in Ecuador's history, devastated Riobamba and many other cities, causing at least 6,000 casualties.

  15. 1555year

    Marian Restoration: Because he opposed Catholicism, John Rogers was burned at the stake (pictured) as the first English Protestant executed for heresy under the reign of Mary I.

  16. 1488year

    Bartolomeu Dias landed in Mossel Bay, becoming the first European known to have sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of Africa, beginning Portuguese influence and trade in the Indian Ocean.

  17. 1169year

    A strong earthquake struck the eastern coast of Sicily, causing at least 15,000 deaths.

  18. 960year

    Emperor Taizu (pictured) came to power, initiating the Song dynasty of China that eventually lasted for more than three centuries.