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Record 03112025 · captured 2026-08-25

Monday, 3 November 2025

The world looked up Women's Cricket World Cup. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2025-11-02 Monday, 3 November 2025 2025-11-04 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 530,880views

    Women's Cricket World Cup

    The ICC Women's Cricket World Cup is the quadrennial international championship of the One Day International format with 50 overs per team. It is organised by the International Cricket Council.

  2. 422,260views

    Shohei Ohtani

    Shohei Ohtani is a Japanese professional baseball designated hitter and pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Nicknamed "Shotime", he has previously played in MLB for the Los Angeles Angels and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB

  3. 346,393views

    Yoshinobu Yamamoto

    Yoshinobu Yamamoto is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Orix Buffaloes, where he became one of the most decorated pitchers

  4. 327,525views

    Max Scherzer

    Maxwell Martin Scherzer, nicknamed "Mad Max", is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Arizona Diamondbacks, Detroit Tigers, Washington Nationals, Los Angeles

  5. 319,211views

    Google Chrome

    Google Chrome is a cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was launched in September 2008 for Microsoft Windows and was built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox. Versions for Linux, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and Android we

  6. 294,321views

    List of World Series champions

    The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) and concludes the MLB postseason. First played in 1903, the World Series championship is a best-of-seven playoff and is a contest between the champions of baseball's National Lea

  7. 236,526views

    Will Smith (catcher)

    William Dills Smith is an American professional baseball catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball for the Louisville Cardinals. He was selected by the Dodgers in the first round of the 2016 Major League Bas

  8. 214,020views

    Los Angeles Dodgers

    The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles. The Dodgers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West Division. One of the most successful and storied franchises in MLB, th

  9. 204,131views

    Beauty trends among American conservatives

    United States conservatives in the 2020s have demonstrated at least two notable beauty trends. The first is Republican makeup, also known as MAGA makeup, MAGA beauty or conservative girl makeup. This term describes the style and application of cosmetics by peo

  10. 180,138views

    Clayton Kershaw

    Clayton Edward Kershaw is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 18 seasons for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). A left-handed starting pitcher, Kershaw was an 11-time National League (NL) All-Star, three-time Cy You

  11. 178,580views

    Ed Gein

    Edward Theodore Gein, also known as the Butcher of Plainfield and the Plainfield Ghoul, was an American murderer and body snatcher. His crimes, committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin, gathered widespread notoriety in 1957 after authorities disc

  12. 175,602views

    2025 World Series

    The 2025 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2025 season. The 121st edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion and defending World Series champion Los Angeles Dodg

  13. 170,523views

    Smriti Mandhana

    Smriti Mandhana is an Indian international cricketer and the vice-captain of the Indian women's national team. She was part of the Indian team that won the 2025 Women's Cricket World Cup, the Women's Asia Cup in 2016 and 2022. She also won a gold medal in the

  14. 169,370views

    Toronto Blue Jays

    The Toronto Blue Jays are a Canadian professional baseball team based in Toronto. The Blue Jays compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East Division. Since 1989, the team has played its home games primarily at Roger

  15. 166,864views

    Zohran Mamdani

    Zohran Kwame Mamdani is an American politician who has served since 2026 as the 112th mayor of New York City. A member of the Democratic Party and the Democratic Socialists of America, he represented the 36th district in the New York State Assembly from 2021 t

  16. 166,671views

    Vladimir Guerrero Jr.

    Vladimir Guerrero Ramos, Also known as Vladdy, is a Dominican-Canadian professional baseball first baseman for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2019 and bats and throws right-handed. Guerrero is the son of Baseball

  17. 166,058views

    Harmanpreet Kaur

    Harmanpreet Kaur Bhullar is an Indian cricketer who plays as an all-rounder and captains the India women's national team. She is a top order batter and a right-arm off-spin bowler. She captained the Indian team that won the 2025 Women's Cricket World Cup, the

  18. 163,226views

    Daylight saving time

    Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight savings time, daylight time, or summer time, is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer by having darkness fall at a later clock time. The typic

  19. 161,547views

    Mookie Betts

    Markus Lynn "Mookie" Betts is an American professional baseball outfielder, shortstop, and second baseman for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He debuted in MLB for the Boston Red Sox. Betts is an eight-time All-Star, seven-time Silver S

  20. 157,676views

    Miguel Rojas (baseball)

    Miguel Elias Rojas Naidenoff is a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has also played in MLB for the Miami Marlins. In 2025, he became the first player in MLB history to hit a game-tying hom

  21. 156,724views

    Dave Roberts (baseball manager)

    David Ray Roberts, nicknamed "Doc", is an American professional baseball manager and former outfielder who is the manager of the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for five MLB teams over a ten-year career and then coached for the Sa

  22. 149,671views

    Bo Bichette

    Bo Joseph Bichette is a Brazilian - American professional baseball infielder for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Toronto Blue Jays. Bichette was selected by the Blue Jays in the second round of the 2016

  23. 143,033views

    Saturday Night's Main Event

    Saturday Night's Main Event is a series of American professional wrestling television specials produced by WWE. The series originally broadcast from 1985 to 1992, by NBC until 1991 then briefly by Fox. The specials were briefly revived on NBC from 2006 to 2008

  24. 142,923views

    Fuck

    Fuck is a profanity in the English language. It often refers to the act of sexual intercourse, but it is most commonly used as an intensifier or to convey disdain. While its origin is obscure, it is usually considered to be first attested to around 1475. In mo

  25. 140,463views

    It – Welcome to Derry

    It: Welcome to Derry is an American supernatural horror television series based on Stephen King's 1986 novel It. Serving as a prequel to the films It (2017) and It Chapter Two (2019), the series was developed by Andy Muschietti, Barbara Muschietti and Jason Fu

  26. 137,120views

    Ernie Clement

    Ernie James Clement is an American professional baseball utility player for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Cleveland Indians/Cleveland Guardians and the Oakland Athletics. Internationally, he plays

  27. 136,180views

    Freddie Freeman

    Frederick Charles Freeman is a Canadian and American professional baseball first baseman for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Freeman made his MLB debut with the Atlanta Braves in 2010 and played with them for 12 seasons. After the Brave

  28. 133,213views

    Vladimir Guerrero

    Vladimir Guerrero Alvino, nicknamed "Vlad the Impaler", is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter. He played for the Montreal Expos (1996–2003), Anaheim Angel

  29. 132,817views

    Lists of deaths by year

    This is a list of lists of deaths of significant people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month and then linked below.

  30. 131,571views

    6-7

    6-7 was an Internet meme, slang term, and gesture that became popular in 2025 on TikTok and Instagram Reels. It has no fixed meaning.

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 622points

    Tiny electric motor can produce more than 1,000 horsepower

    598 comments

  2. 469points

    AI's Dial-Up Era

    433 comments

  3. 457points

    Why Nextcloud feels slow to use

    350 comments

  4. 439points

    Simple trick to increase coverage: Lying to users about signal strength

    181 comments

  5. 416points

    Google suspended my company's Google cloud account for the third time

    192 comments

  6. 407points

    Things you can do with diodes

    112 comments

  7. 401points

    Ask HN: Who is hiring? (November 2025)

    581 comments

  8. 381points

    The Case Against PGVector

    137 comments

  9. 371points

    Learning to read Arthur Whitney's C to become smart (2024)

    163 comments

  10. 361points

    </> Htmx – The Fetch()ening

    153 comments

  11. 332points

    Israels top military lawyer arrested after she admitted leaking video of abuse

    179 comments

  12. 290points

    First recording of a dying human brain shows waves similar to memory flashbacks (2022)

    284 comments

  13. 284points

    App Store web has exposed all its source code

    138 comments

  14. 278points

    The Case That A.I. Is Thinking

    1,011 comments

  15. 269points

    Building a 2.5kWh battery from disposable vapes to power my workshop [video]

    159 comments

  16. 267points

    State of Terminal Emulators in 2025: The Errant Champions

    273 comments

  17. 246points

    A friendly tour of process memory on Linux

    33 comments

  18. 229points

    Why we migrated from Python to Node.js

    281 comments

  19. 225points

    OpenAI signs $38B cloud computing deal with Amazon

    230 comments

  20. 221points

    China intimidated UK university to ditch human rights research, documents show

    102 comments

  21. 203points

    Control structures in programming languages: from goto to algebraic effects

    32 comments

  22. 200points

    I analyzed 180M jobs to see what jobs AI is replacing today

    149 comments

  23. 198points

    Ask HN: Who wants to be hired? (November 2025)

    433 comments

  24. 192points

    Oxy is Cloudflare's Rust-based next generation proxy framework (2023)

    88 comments

  25. 179points

    The Mack Super Pumper was a locomotive engined fire fighter (2018)

    123 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2511.02130

    Re-FORC: Adaptive Reward Prediction for Efficient Chain-of-Thought Reasoning

    We propose Re-FORC, an adaptive reward prediction method that, given a query, enables prediction of the expected future rewards as a function of the number of future thinking tokens. Re-FORC trains a lightweight adapter on reasoning models, demonstrating improved prediction with longer reasoning and larger models. Re-FORC enables: 1) early stopping of unpromising reasoning chains, reducing compute by up to 26\% compa

    Renos Zabounidis, Aditya Golatkar, Michael Kleinman, Alessandro Achille et al.

  2. arXiv2511.02869

    Analysis of AdvFusion: Adapter-based Multilingual Learning for Code Large Language Models

    Programming languages can benefit from one another by utilizing a language model for software engineering tasks. Full fine-tuning and Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of Code Language Models (Code-LMs) has been explored for multilingual knowledge transfer. AdapterFusion is a PEFT architecture that aims to enhance task performance by leveraging information from multiple programming languages, but primarily focus

    Amirreza Esmaeili, Fahd Seddik, Yongyi Ji, Fatemeh Fard et al.

  3. arXiv2511.02122

    Matrix Sensing with Kernel Optimal Loss: Robustness and Optimization Landscape

    In this paper we study how the choice of loss functions of non-convex optimization problems affects their robustness and optimization landscape, through the study of noisy matrix sensing. In traditional regression tasks, mean squared error (MSE) loss is a common choice, but it can be unreliable for non-Gaussian or heavy-tailed noise. To address this issue, we adopt a robust loss based on nonparametric regression, whi

    Xinyuan Song, Ziye Ma

  4. arXiv2511.02119

    InsurAgent: A Large Language Model-Empowered Agent for Simulating Individual Behavior in Purchasing Flood Insurance

    Flood insurance is an effective strategy for individuals to mitigate disaster-related losses. However, participation rates among at-risk populations in the United States remain strikingly low. This gap underscores the need to understand and model the behavioral mechanisms underlying insurance decisions. Large language models (LLMs) have recently exhibited human-like intelligence across wide-ranging tasks, offering pr

    Ziheng Geng, Jiachen Liu, Ran Cao, Lu Cheng et al.

  5. arXiv2511.02109

    Deep Value Benchmark: Measuring Whether Models Generalize Deep Values or Shallow Preferences

    We introduce the Deep Value Benchmark (DVB), an evaluation framework that directly tests whether large language models (LLMs) learn fundamental human values or merely surface-level preferences. This distinction is critical for AI alignment: Systems that capture deeper values are likely to generalize human intentions robustly, while those that capture only superficial patterns in preference data risk producing misalig

    Joshua Ashkinaze, Hua Shen, Saipranav Avula, Eric Gilbert et al.

  6. arXiv2511.02108

    Metamorphic Testing of Large Language Models for Natural Language Processing

    Using large language models (LLMs) to perform natural language processing (NLP) tasks has become increasingly pervasive in recent times. The versatile nature of LLMs makes them applicable to a wide range of such tasks. While the performance of recent LLMs is generally outstanding, several studies have shown that they can often produce incorrect results. Automatically identifying these faulty behaviors is extremely us

    Steven Cho, Stefano Ruberto, Valerio Terragni

  7. arXiv2511.02100

    Geometric Data Valuation via Leverage Scores

    Shapley data valuation provides a principled, axiomatic framework for assigning importance to individual datapoints, and has gained traction in dataset curation, pruning, and pricing. However, it is a combinatorial measure that requires evaluating marginal utility across all subsets of the data, making it computationally infeasible at scale. We propose a geometric alternative based on statistical leverage scores, whi

    Rodrigo Mendoza-Smith

  8. arXiv2511.02094

    Automated Reward Design for Gran Turismo

    When designing reinforcement learning (RL) agents, a designer communicates the desired agent behavior through the definition of reward functions - numerical feedback given to the agent as reward or punishment for its actions. However, mapping desired behaviors to reward functions can be a difficult process, especially in complex environments such as autonomous racing. In this paper, we demonstrate how current foundat

    Michel Ma, Takuma Seno, Kaushik Subramanian, Peter R. Wurman et al.

  9. arXiv2511.02092

    Uncertainty Guided Online Ensemble for Non-stationary Data Streams in Fusion Science

    Machine Learning (ML) is poised to play a pivotal role in the development and operation of next-generation fusion devices. Fusion data shows non-stationary behavior with distribution drifts, resulted by both experimental evolution and machine wear-and-tear. ML models assume stationary distribution and fail to maintain performance when encountered with such non-stationary data streams. Online learning techniques have

    Kishansingh Rajput, Malachi Schram, Brian Sammuli, Sen Lin

  10. arXiv2511.02091

    Natural Building Blocks for Structured World Models: Theory, Evidence, and Scaling

    The field of world modeling is fragmented, with researchers developing bespoke architectures that rarely build upon each other. We propose a framework that specifies the natural building blocks for structured world models based on the fundamental stochastic processes that any world model must capture: discrete processes (logic, symbols) and continuous processes (physics, dynamics); the world model is then defined by

    Lancelot Da Costa, Sanjeev Namjoshi, Mohammed Abbas Ansari, Bernhard Schölkopf

  11. arXiv2511.02087

    Energy Loss Functions for Physical Systems

    Effectively leveraging prior knowledge of a system's physics is crucial for applications of machine learning to scientific domains. Previous approaches mostly focused on incorporating physical insights at the architectural level. In this paper, we propose a framework to leverage physical information directly into the loss function for prediction and generative modeling tasks on systems like molecules and spins. We de

    Sékou-Oumar Kaba, Kusha Sareen, Daniel Levy, Siamak Ravanbakhsh

  12. arXiv2511.02083

    Watermarking Discrete Diffusion Language Models

    Watermarking has emerged as a promising technique to track AI-generated content and differentiate it from authentic human creations. While prior work extensively studies watermarking for autoregressive large language models (LLMs) and image diffusion models, it remains comparatively underexplored for discrete diffusion language models (DDLMs), which are becoming popular due to their high inference throughput. In this

    Avi Bagchi, Akhil Bhimaraju, Moulik Choraria, Daniel Alabi et al.

  13. arXiv2511.07442

    Pinching Antennas Meet AI in Next-Generation Wireless Networks

    Next-generation (NG) wireless networks must embrace innate intelligence in support of demanding emerging applications, such as extended reality and autonomous systems, under ultra-reliable and low-latency requirements. Pinching antennas (PAs), a new flexible low-cost technology, can create line-of-sight links by dynamically activating small dielectric pinches along a waveguide on demand. As a compelling complement, a

    Fang Fang, Zhiguo Ding, Victor C. M. Leung, Lajos Hanzo

  14. arXiv2511.02071

    Human-AI Co-Embodied Intelligence for Scientific Experimentation and Manufacturing

    Scientific experimentation and manufacturing rely on prolonged protocol development and complex, multi-step implementation, which require continuous human expertise for precise execution and decision-making, limiting interpretability and scalability. Here, we introduce human-artificial intelligence (AI) co-embodied intelligence, a new form of physical AI that unites human researchers, agentic AI, and wearable hardwar

    Xinyi Lin, Yuyang Zhang, Yuanhang Gan, Juntao Chen et al.

  15. arXiv2511.02062

    Vortex: Hosting ML Inference and Knowledge Retrieval Services With Tight Latency and Throughput Requirements

    There is growing interest in deploying ML inference and knowledge retrieval as services that could support both interactive queries by end users and more demanding request flows that arise from AIs integrated into a end-user applications and deployed as agents. Our central premise is that these latter cases will bring service level latency objectives (SLOs). Existing ML serving platforms use batching to optimize for

    Yuting Yang, Tiancheng Yuan, Jamal Hashim, Thiago Garrett et al.

  16. arXiv2511.02046

    Text-VQA Aug: Pipelined Harnessing of Large Multimodal Models for Automated Synthesis

    Creation of large-scale databases for Visual Question Answering tasks pertaining to the text data in a scene (text-VQA) involves skilful human annotation, which is tedious and challenging. With the advent of foundation models that handle vision and language modalities, and with the maturity of OCR systems, it is the need of the hour to establish an end-to-end pipeline that can synthesize Question-Answer (QA) pairs ba

    Soham Joshi, Shwet Kamal Mishra, Viswanath Gopalakrishnan

  17. arXiv2511.02044

    Regularization Through Reasoning: Systematic Improvements in Language Model Classification via Explanation-Enhanced Fine-Tuning

    Fine-tuning LLMs for classification typically maps inputs directly to labels. We ask whether attaching brief explanations to each label during fine-tuning yields better models. We evaluate conversational response quality along three axes: naturalness, comprehensiveness, and on-topic adherence, each rated on 5-point scales. Using ensemble-generated data from multiple LLMs, we fine-tune a 7B-parameter model and test ac

    Vivswan Shah, Randy Cogill, Hanwei Yue, Gopinath Chennupati et al.

  18. arXiv2511.02042

    Quantum-Enhanced Generative Models for Rare Event Prediction

    Rare events such as financial crashes, climate extremes, and biological anomalies are notoriously difficult to model due to their scarcity and heavy-tailed distributions. Classical deep generative models often struggle to capture these rare occurrences, either collapsing low-probability modes or producing poorly calibrated uncertainty estimates. In this work, we propose the Quantum-Enhanced Generative Model (QEGM), a

    M. Z. Haider, M. U. Ghouri, Tayyaba Noreen, M. Salman

  19. arXiv2511.02029

    RobustFSM: Submodular Maximization in Federated Setting with Malicious Clients

    Submodular maximization is an optimization problem benefiting many machine learning applications, where we seek a small subset best representing an extremely large dataset. We focus on the federated setting where the data are locally owned by decentralized clients who have their own definitions for the quality of representability. This setting requires repetitive aggregation of local information computed by the clien

    Duc A. Tran, Dung Truong, Duy Le

  20. arXiv2511.02025

    Path-Coordinated Continual Learning with Neural Tangent Kernel-Justified Plasticity: A Theoretical Framework with Near State-of-the-Art Performance

    Catastrophic forgetting is one of the fundamental issues of continual learning because neural networks forget the tasks learned previously when trained on new tasks. The proposed framework is a new path-coordinated framework of continual learning that unites the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) theory of principled plasticity bounds, statistical validation by Wilson confidence intervals, and evaluation of path quality by

    Rathin Chandra Shit

  21. arXiv2511.02022

    Shared Parameter Subspaces and Cross-Task Linearity in Emergently Misaligned Behavior

    Recent work has discovered that large language models can develop broadly misaligned behaviors after being fine-tuned on narrowly harmful datasets, a phenomenon known as emergent misalignment (EM). However, the fundamental mechanisms enabling such harmful generalization across disparate domains remain poorly understood. In this work, we adopt a geometric perspective to study EM and demonstrate that it exhibits a fund

    Daniel Aarao Reis Arturi, Eric Zhang, Andrew Ansah, Kevin Zhu et al.

  22. arXiv2511.02868

    Proof-of-Spiking-Neurons(PoSN): Neuromorphic Consensus for Next-Generation Blockchains

    Blockchain systems face persistent challenges of scalability, latency, and energy inefficiency. Existing consensus protocols such as Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS) either consume excessive resources or risk centralization. This paper proposes \textit{Proof-of-Spiking-Neurons (PoSN)}, a neuromorphic consensus protocol inspired by spiking neural networks. PoSN encodes transactions as spike trains, elects

    M. Z. Haider, M. U Ghouri, Tayyaba Noreen, M. Salman

  23. arXiv2511.02002

    InteracSPARQL: An Interactive System for SPARQL Query Refinement Using Natural Language Explanations

    In recent years, querying semantic web data using SPARQL has remained challenging, especially for non-expert users, due to the language's complex syntax and the prerequisite of understanding intricate data structures. To address these challenges, we propose InteracSPARQL, an interactive SPARQL query generation and refinement system that leverages natural language explanations (NLEs) to enhance user comprehension and

    Xiangru Jian, Zhengyuan Dong, M. Tamer Özsu

  24. arXiv2511.01999

    TRACE: Textual Reasoning for Affordance Coordinate Extraction

    Vision-Language Models (VLMs) struggle to translate high-level instructions into the precise spatial affordances required for robotic manipulation. While visual Chain-of-Thought (CoT) methods exist, they are often computationally intensive. In this work, we introduce TRACE (Textual Reasoning for Affordance Coordinate Extraction), a novel methodology that integrates a textual Chain of Reasoning (CoR) into the affordan

    Sangyun Park, Jin Kim, Yuchen Cui, Matthew S. Brown

  25. arXiv2511.01857

    Trove: A Flexible Toolkit for Dense Retrieval

    We introduce Trove, an easy-to-use open-source retrieval toolkit that simplifies research experiments without sacrificing flexibility or speed. For the first time, we introduce efficient data management features that load and process (filter, select, transform, and combine) retrieval datasets on the fly, with just a few lines of code. This gives users the flexibility to easily experiment with different dataset config

    Reza Esfandiarpoor, Max Zuo, Stephen H. Bach

On this calendar day 17

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 1996year

    Abdullah Çatlı, a leader of the ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves, was killed in a car crash near Susurluk, Turkey, sparking a scandal that exposed the depth of the state's complicity in organized crime.

  2. 1969year

    U.S. president Richard Nixon made a plea for support from the "silent majority", referring to those Americans who did not join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time.

  3. 1957year

    The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 2, carrying the space dog Laika as the first living creature to enter orbit around Earth.

  4. 1956year

    Suez Crisis: During an invasion of the Gaza Strip, Israeli soldiers shot and killed hundreds of Palestinian refugees and local inhabitants in Khan Yunis.

  5. 1954year

    The first film featuring the giant monster known as Godzilla was released (poster pictured) nationwide in Japan.

  6. 1948year

    The Chicago Daily Tribune published the erroneous headline "Dewey Defeats Truman" (pictured) in its early morning edition shortly after incumbent U.S. president Harry S. Truman officially upset the heavily favored governor of New York Thomas Dewey in the presidential election.

  7. 1943year

    The Holocaust: The largest massacre of Jews by German forces began at Majdanek concentration camp.

  8. 1942year

    World War II: U.S. Marines and U.S. Army forces began an attempt to encircle and destroy a regiment of Imperial Japanese Army troops on Guadalcanal.

  9. 1935year

    In a widely criticised referendum, almost 98 percent of Greek voters supported the restoration of George II (pictured) as King of the Hellenes.

  10. 1898year

    The Fashoda Incident ended with French forces withdrawing after several months of military stalemate with the British in Fashoda (now in South Sudan).

  11. 1881year

    Indigenous Mapuche began an uprising against the occupation of Araucanía by Chile.

  12. 1880year

    The current melody of Kimigayo, the national anthem of Japan, was adopted.

  13. 1848year

    A new constitution drafted by Johan Rudolph Thorbecke was proclaimed, limiting the powers of the Dutch monarchy.

  14. 1812year

    French invasion of Russia: As Napoleon's Grande Armée began its retreat, its rear guard was defeated at the Battle of Vyazma.

  15. 1805year

    War of the Third Coalition: The Treaty of Potsdam was signed compelling Prussia to join the coalition if it failed to negotiate peace between Russia and France.

  16. 1793year

    French Revolution: Playwright, journalist and outspoken feminist Olympe de Gouges was guillotined.

  17. 1534year

    The Parliament of England passed the first Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the Church of England, supplanting the pope and the Catholic Church.