28081999.me

Record 02112025 · captured 2026-08-25

Sunday, 2 November 2025

The world looked up Google Chrome. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2025-11-01 Sunday, 2 November 2025 2025-11-03 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 333,148views

    Google Chrome

    Google Chrome is a cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was launched in September 2008 for Microsoft Windows and was built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox. Versions for Linux, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and Android we

  2. 169,526views

    Ed Gein

    Edward Theodore Gein, also known as the Butcher of Plainfield and the Plainfield Ghoul, was an American murderer and body snatcher. His crimes, committed around his hometown of Plainfield, Wisconsin, gathered widespread notoriety in 1957 after authorities disc

  3. 158,289views

    6-7

    6-7 was an Internet meme, slang term, and gesture that became popular in 2025 on TikTok and Instagram Reels. It has no fixed meaning.

  4. 155,109views

    It – Welcome to Derry

    It: Welcome to Derry is an American supernatural horror television series based on Stephen King's 1986 novel It. Serving as a prequel to the films It (2017) and It Chapter Two (2019), the series was developed by Andy Muschietti, Barbara Muschietti and Jason Fu

  5. 143,908views

    Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor

    Andrew Albert Christian Edward Mountbatten-Windsor, formerly Prince Andrew, Duke of York, is the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and a younger brother of King Charles III. Andrew was born second in the lin

  6. 141,575views

    Day of the Dead

    The Day of the Dead is a holiday traditionally celebrated on November 1 and 2, though other days, such as October 31 or November 6, may be included depending on the locality. The multi-day holiday involves family and friends gathering to pay respects and remem

  7. 133,766views

    Fuck

    Fuck is a profanity in the English language. It often refers to the act of sexual intercourse, but it is most commonly used as an intensifier or to convey disdain. While its origin is obscure, it is usually considered to be first attested to around 1475. In mo

  8. 133,483views

    Shohei Ohtani

    Shohei Ohtani is a Japanese professional baseball designated hitter and pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). Nicknamed "Shotime", he has previously played in MLB for the Los Angeles Angels and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB

  9. 133,462views

    Aileen Wuornos

    Aileen Carol Wuornos was an American serial killer. Between 1989 and 1990, while engaging in street prostitution along highways in Florida, Wuornos shot, killed, and robbed seven of her male clients. She initially claimed that her victims had either raped or a

  10. 132,595views

    Lists of deaths by year

    This is a list of lists of deaths of significant people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month and then linked below.

  11. 124,051views

    Halloween

    Halloween, also known as All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in many countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day. It is at the beginning of the observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the Chr

  12. 122,985views

    Kantara: Chapter 1

    Kantara: A Legend – Chapter 1 is a 2025 Indian Kannada-language epic mythological action drama film co-written and directed by Rishab Shetty, and produced by Vijay Kiragandur and Chaluve Gowda under Hombale Films. The film stars Rishab Shetty in a quadruple ro

  13. 115,175views

    Virginia Giuffre

    Virginia Lee Roberts Giuffre was an American and Australian advocate for survivors of sex trafficking and one of the most prominent accusers of Jeffrey Epstein. Giuffre provided detailed allegations to media outlets about Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell. She all

  14. 111,843views

    Lewis Cope

    Lewis Cope is an English actor and dancer. After beginning his career as a child actor appearing in a West End production of Billy Elliot the Musical, he competed in the Sky One dance series Got to Dance, finishing as a runner-up on the fourth series in 2013.

  15. 107,872views

    A House of Dynamite

    A House of Dynamite is a 2025 American political thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Noah Oppenheim. The film dramatizes the perspectives and responses of various U.S. government officials, both civilian and military, after an unknown adve

  16. 107,333views

    1xBet

    1xBet is an online gambling company founded in 2007 and licensed by Curaçao eGaming License. 1xBet is one of the largest online casinos in the world. According to Forbes, its turnover exceeded $2 billion in 2020. The company sponsors major professional footbal

  17. 105,024views

    Weapons (2025 film)

    Weapons is a 2025 American supernatural mystery horror film directed, written, produced, and co-scored by Zach Cregger. It stars an ensemble cast including Josh Brolin, Julia Garner, Alden Ehrenreich, Austin Abrams, Cary Christopher, Toby Huss, Benedict Wong,

  18. 103,011views

    Heidi Klum

    Heidi Klum is a German and American model, television host, actress, producer, and businesswoman. She appeared on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in 1998 and was the first German model to become a Victoria's Secret Angel.

  19. 102,699views

    Usha Vance

    Usha Bala Vance is an American lawyer and second lady of the United States since 2025, being the wife of JD Vance, the 50th vice president of the United States. She is the first Indian-American second lady.

  20. 97,398views

    Bugonia (film)

    Bugonia is a 2025 dark comedy film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos and written by Will Tracy. An English-language remake of the 2003 South Korean film Save the Green Planet! by Jang Joon-hwan, the film follows two young men who kidnap a powerful CEO, suspecting t

  21. 95,944views

    All Saints' Day

    All Saints' Day is a Christian holy day celebrated in honour of all the saints of the Church, whether they are known or unknown.

  22. 95,671views

    Baahubali: The Epic

    Baahubali: The Epic is a 2025 Indian Telugu-language epic action film directed by S. S. Rajamouli, who co-wrote the script with V. Vijayendra Prasad. Produced by Shobu Yarlagadda and Prasad Devineni under Arka Media Works, the film stars Prabhas in dual roles

  23. 91,759views

    Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra

    Lokah Chapter 1: Chandra is a 2025 Indian Malayalam-language fantasy superhero film written and directed by Dominic Arun and produced by Dulquer Salmaan for Wayfarer Films. It stars Kalyani Priyadarshan and Naslen, with Sandy, Chandu Salim Kumar and Arun Kuria

  24. 91,630views

    Jemimah Rodrigues

    Jemimah Jessica Rodrigues is an Indian international cricketer who plays for the India women's national team as a middle-order batter. She was part of the squad that won the 2025 Women's Cricket World Cup, the Women's Asia Cup in 2022, the gold medal at the 20

  25. 89,238views

    JD Vance

    James David Vance is an American politician, author, and venture capitalist serving as the 50th vice president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party, he represented the state of Ohio in the United States Senate from 2023 to 2025.

  26. 89,083views

    Zohran Mamdani

    Zohran Kwame Mamdani is an American politician who has served since 2026 as the 112th mayor of New York City. A member of the Democratic Party and the Democratic Socialists of America, he represented the 36th district in the New York State Assembly from 2021 t

  27. 86,407views

    Mookie Betts

    Markus Lynn "Mookie" Betts is an American professional baseball outfielder, shortstop, and second baseman for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He debuted in MLB for the Boston Red Sox. Betts is an eight-time All-Star, seven-time Silver S

  28. 85,982views

    Saturday Night's Main Event

    Saturday Night's Main Event is a series of American professional wrestling television specials produced by WWE. The series originally broadcast from 1985 to 1992, by NBC until 1991 then briefly by Fox. The specials were briefly revived on NBC from 2006 to 2008

  29. 85,307views

    The Witcher (TV series)

    The Witcher is a fantasy drama television series created by Lauren Schmidt Hissrich for Netflix. It is based on the book series by Polish author Andrzej Sapkowski. Set on a fictional, medieval-inspired landmass known as the Continent, The Witcher explores the

  30. 80,573views

    Tchéky Karyo

    Tchéky Karyo was a Turkish-born French actor and musician. Beginning his career as an actor on stage in classical and contemporary plays, he later worked as a character actor in films in the 1980s. He acted in numerous films by Hollywood and French directors,

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 963points

    Facts about throwing good parties

    412 comments

  2. 832points

    Linux gamers on Steam cross over the 3% mark

    536 comments

  3. 642points

    Laptops with Stickers

    739 comments

  4. 534points

    How I use every Claude Code feature

    188 comments

  5. 512points

    URLs are state containers

    213 comments

  6. 409points

    Paris had a moving sidewalk in 1900, and a Thomas Edison film captured it (2020)

    206 comments

  7. 399points

    Using FreeBSD to make self-hosting fun again

    166 comments

  8. 365points

    Notes by djb on using Fil-C

    246 comments

  9. 365points

    Tongyi DeepResearch – open-source 30B MoE Model that rivals OpenAI DeepResearch

    153 comments

  10. 353points

    Backpropagation is a leaky abstraction (2016)

    160 comments

  11. 327points

    Anti-cybercrime laws are being weaponized to repress journalism

    98 comments

  12. 277points

    Open-source communications by bouncing signals off the Moon

    83 comments

  13. 269points

    Why don't you use dependent types?

    116 comments

  14. 232points

    At the end you use `git bisect`

    171 comments

  15. 207points

    X.org Security Advisory: multiple security issues X.Org X server and Xwayland

    225 comments

  16. 203points

    New South Korean national law will turn large parking lots into solar farms

    171 comments

  17. 193points

    Lisp: Notes on its Past and Future (1980)

    105 comments

  18. 177points

    You Don't Need Anubis

    170 comments

  19. 173points

    Alleged Jabber Zeus Coder 'MrICQ' in U.S. Custody

    69 comments

  20. 150points

    Helion: A high-level DSL for performant and portable ML kernels

    49 comments

  21. 150points

    Is Your Bluetooth Chip Leaking Secrets via RF Signals?

    37 comments

  22. 145points

    Writing FreeDOS Programs in C

    73 comments

  23. 144points

    HyperRogue – A non-Euclidean roguelike

    51 comments

  24. 144points

    Reproducing the AWS Outage Race Condition with a Model Checker

    50 comments

  25. 137points

    Mock – An API creation and testing utility: Examples

    19 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2511.10655

    Spectral Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning II: Semantic Node Merging, Entailment Filtering, and Knowledge Graph Alignment

    This report extends the Spectral Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning (Spectral NSR) framework by introducing three semantically grounded enhancements: (1) transformer-based node merging using contextual embeddings (e.g., Sentence-BERT, SimCSE) to reduce redundancy, (2) sentence-level entailment validation with pretrained NLI classifiers (e.g., RoBERTa, DeBERTa) to improve edge quality, and (3) alignment with external knowledge

    Andrew Kiruluta, Priscilla Burity

  2. arXiv2511.01093

    Continual Learning, Not Training: Online Adaptation For Agents

    Continual Learning (CL) methods have traditionally focused on mitigating catastrophic forgetting through gradient-based retraining, an approach ill-suited for deployed agents that must adapt in real time. We introduce our Adaptive Teaching and Learning System (ATLAS), a dual-agent architecture that decouples reasoning (Teacher) from execution (Student) and incorporates a persistent learning memory that stores distill

    Aman Jaglan, Jarrod Barnes

  3. arXiv2511.01087

    SliceVision-F2I: A Synthetic Feature-to-Image Dataset for Visual Pattern Representation on Network Slices

    The emergence of 5G and 6G networks has established network slicing as a significant part of future service-oriented architectures, demanding refined identification methods supported by robust datasets. The article presents SliceVision-F2I, a dataset of synthetic samples for studying feature visualization in network slicing for next-generation networking systems. The dataset transforms multivariate Key Performance In

    Md. Abid Hasan Rafi, Mst. Fatematuj Johora, Pankaj Bhowmik

  4. arXiv2511.01082

    GeoToken: Hierarchical Geolocalization of Images via Next Token Prediction

    Image geolocalization, the task of determining an image's geographic origin, poses significant challenges, largely due to visual similarities across disparate locations and the large search space. To address these issues, we propose a hierarchical sequence prediction approach inspired by how humans narrow down locations from broad regions to specific addresses. Analogously, our model predicts geographic tokens hierar

    Narges Ghasemi, Amir Ziashahabi, Salman Avestimehr, Cyrus Shahabi

  5. arXiv2511.05552

    Deep one-gate per layer networks with skip connections are universal classifiers

    This paper shows how a multilayer perceptron with two hidden layers, which has been designed to classify two classes of data points, can easily be transformed into a deep neural network with one-gate layers and skip connections.

    Raul Rojas

  6. arXiv2511.10654

    Empirical Characterization of Temporal Constraint Processing in LLMs

    When deploying LLMs in agentic architectures requiring real-time decisions under temporal constraints, we assume they reliably determine whether action windows remain open or have closed. This assumption is untested. We characterize temporal constraint processing across eight production-scale models (2.8-8B parameters) using deadline detection tasks, revealing systematic deployment risks: bimodal performance distribu

    Javier Marín

  7. arXiv2511.01061

    Energy-Efficient Deep Learning Without Backpropagation: A Rigorous Evaluation of Forward-Only Algorithms

    The long-held assumption that backpropagation (BP) is essential for state-of-the-art performance is challenged by this work. We present rigorous, hardware-validated evidence that the Mono-Forward (MF) algorithm, a backpropagation-free method, consistently surpasses an optimally tuned BP baseline in classification accuracy on its native Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) architectures. This superior generalization is achiev

    Przemysław Spyra, Witold Dzwinel

  8. arXiv2511.01059

    Efficient Test-Time Retrieval Augmented Generation

    Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to inaccuracies. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, but these methods may introduce irrelevant retrieved documents, leading to inaccurate responses. While the integration methods filter out incorrect answers from multiple responses, but la

    Hailong Yin, Bin Zhu, Jingjing Chen, Chong-Wah Ngo

  9. arXiv2511.01052

    Knowledge Elicitation with Large Language Models for Interpretable Cancer Stage Identification from Pathology Reports

    Cancer staging is critical for patient prognosis and treatment planning, yet extracting pathologic TNM staging from unstructured pathology reports poses a persistent challenge. Existing natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) strategies often depend on large annotated datasets, limiting their scalability and adaptability. In this study, we introduce two Knowledge Elicitation methods designed to ov

    Yeawon Lee, Christopher C. Yang, Chia-Hsuan Chang, Grace Lu-Yao

  10. arXiv2511.01047

    HAFixAgent: History-Aware Program Repair Agent

    Automated program repair (APR) has recently shifted toward large language models and agent-based systems, yet most systems rely on local snapshot context, overlooking repository history. Prior work shows that repository history helps repair single-line bugs, since the last commit touching the buggy line is often the bug-introducing one. In this paper, we investigate whether repository history can also improve agentic

    Yu Shi, Hao Li, Bram Adams, Ahmed E. Hassan

  11. arXiv2511.01938

    The Geometry of Grokking: Norm Minimization on the Zero-Loss Manifold

    Grokking is a puzzling phenomenon in neural networks where full generalization occurs only after a substantial delay following the complete memorization of the training data. Previous research has linked this delayed generalization to representation learning driven by weight decay, but the precise underlying dynamics remain elusive. In this paper, we argue that post-memorization learning can be understood through the

    Tiberiu Musat

  12. arXiv2511.01033

    On the Emergence of Induction Heads for In-Context Learning

    Transformers have become the dominant architecture for natural language processing. Part of their success is owed to a remarkable capability known as in-context learning (ICL): they can acquire and apply novel associations solely from their input context, without any updates to their weights. In this work, we study the emergence of induction heads, a previously identified mechanism in two-layer transformers that is p

    Tiberiu Musat, Tiago Pimentel, Lorenzo Noci, Alessandro Stolfo et al.

  13. arXiv2511.01023

    Seed-Induced Uniqueness in Transformer Models: Subspace Alignment Governs Subliminal Transfer

    We analyze subliminal transfer in Transformer models, where a teacher embeds hidden traits that can be linearly decoded by a student without degrading main-task performance. Prior work often attributes transferability to global representational similarity, typically quantified with Centered Kernel Alignment (CKA). Using synthetic corpora with disentangled public and private labels, we distill students under matched a

    Ayşe Selin Okatan, Mustafa İlhan Akbaş, Laxima Niure Kandel, Berker Peköz

  14. arXiv2511.01937

    Shorter but not Worse: Frugal Reasoning via Easy Samples as Length Regularizers in Math RLVR

    Large language models (LLMs) trained for step-by-step reasoning often become excessively verbose, raising inference cost. Standard Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) pipelines filter out ``easy'' problems for training efficiency, leaving the model to train primarily on harder problems that require longer reasoning chains. This skews the output length distribution upward, resulting in a \textbf{mode

    Abdelaziz Bounhar, Hadi Abdine, Evan Dufraisse, Ahmad Chamma et al.

  15. arXiv2511.01019

    OceanAI: A Conversational Platform for Accurate, Transparent, Near-Real-Time Oceanographic Insights

    Artificial intelligence is transforming the sciences, yet general conversational AI systems often generate unverified "hallucinations" undermining scientific rigor. We present OceanAI, a conversational platform that integrates the natural-language fluency of open-source large language models (LLMs) with real-time, parameterized access to authoritative oceanographic data streams hosted by the National Oceanic and Atmo

    Bowen Chen, Jayesh Gajbhar, Gregory Dusek, Rob Redmon et al.

  16. arXiv2511.01018

    AI for pRedicting Exacerbations in KIDs with aSthma (AIRE-KIDS)

    Recurrent exacerbations remain a common yet preventable outcome for many children with asthma. Machine learning (ML) algorithms using electronic medical records (EMR) could allow accurate identification of children at risk for exacerbations and facilitate referral for preventative comprehensive care to avoid this morbidity. We developed ML algorithms to predict repeat severe exacerbations (i.e. asthma-related emergen

    Hui-Lee Ooi, Nicholas Mitsakakis, Margerie Huet Dastarac, Roger Zemek et al.

  17. arXiv2511.01935

    Q-Sat AI: Machine Learning-Based Decision Support for Data Saturation in Qualitative Studies

    The determination of sample size in qualitative research has traditionally relied on the subjective and often ambiguous principle of data saturation, which can lead to inconsistencies and threaten methodological rigor. This study introduces a new, systematic model based on machine learning (ML) to make this process more objective. Utilizing a dataset derived from five fundamental qualitative research approaches - nam

    Hasan Tutar, Caner Erden, Ümit Şentürk

  18. arXiv2511.01934

    Tool Zero: Training Tool-Augmented LLMs via Pure RL from Scratch

    Training tool-augmented LLMs has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing language models' capabilities for complex tasks. The current supervised fine-tuning paradigm relies on constructing extensive domain-specific datasets to train models. However, this approach often struggles to generalize effectively to unfamiliar or intricate tool-use scenarios. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm can endow LLMs

    Yirong Zeng, Xiao Ding, Yutai Hou, Yuxian Wang et al.

  19. arXiv2511.01932

    Deciphering Personalization: Towards Fine-Grained Explainability in Natural Language for Personalized Image Generation Models

    Image generation models are usually personalized in practical uses in order to better meet the individual users' heterogeneous needs, but most personalized models lack explainability about how they are being personalized. Such explainability can be provided via visual features in generated images, but is difficult for human users to understand. Explainability in natural language is a better choice, but the existing a

    Haoming Wang, Wei Gao

  20. arXiv2511.00993

    Aligning LLM agents with human learning and adjustment behavior: a dual agent approach

    Effective modeling of how human travelers learn and adjust their travel behavior from interacting with transportation systems is critical for system assessment and planning. However, this task is also difficult due to the complex cognition and decision-making involved in such behavior. Recent research has begun to leverage Large Language Model (LLM) agents for this task. Building on this, we introduce a novel dual-ag

    Tianming Liu, Jirong Yang, Yafeng Yin, Manzi Li et al.

  21. arXiv2511.00985

    ORANGE: An Online Reflection ANd GEneration framework with Domain Knowledge for Text-to-SQL

    Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in translating natural language to SQL, but a significant semantic gap persists between their general knowledge and domain-specific semantics of databases. Historical translation logs constitute a rich source of this missing in-domain knowledge, where SQL queries inherently encapsulate real-world usage patterns of database schema. Existing methods pri

    Yiwen Jiao, Tonghui Ren, Yuche Gao, Zhenying He et al.

  22. arXiv2511.00973

    Keys in the Weights: Transformer Authentication Using Model-Bound Latent Representations

    We introduce Model-Bound Latent Exchange (MoBLE), a decoder-binding property in Transformer autoencoders formalized as Zero-Shot Decoder Non-Transferability (ZSDN). In identity tasks using iso-architectural models trained on identical data but differing in seeds, self-decoding achieves more than 0.91 exact match and 0.98 token accuracy, while zero-shot cross-decoding collapses to chance without exact matches. This se

    Ayşe S. Okatan, Mustafa İlhan Akbaş, Laxima Niure Kandel, Berker Peköz

  23. arXiv2511.00964

    Using Synthetic Data to estimate the True Error is theoretically and practically doable

    Accurately evaluating model performance is crucial for deploying machine learning systems in real-world applications. Traditional methods often require a sufficiently large labeled test set to ensure a reliable evaluation. However, in many contexts, a large labeled dataset is costly and labor-intensive. Therefore, we sometimes have to do evaluation by a few labeled samples, which is theoretically challenging. Recent

    Hai Hoang Thanh, Duy-Tung Nguyen, Hung The Tran, Khoat Than

  24. arXiv2511.00960

    The Riddle of Reflection: Evaluating Reasoning and Self-Awareness in Multilingual LLMs using Indian Riddles

    The extent to which large language models (LLMs) can perform culturally grounded reasoning across non-English languages remains underexplored. This paper examines the reasoning and self-assessment abilities of LLMs across seven major Indian languages-Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu. We introduce a multilingual riddle dataset combining traditional riddles with context-reconstructed vari

    Abhinav P M, Ojasva Saxena, Oswald C, Parameswari Krishnamurthy

  25. arXiv2511.00958

    The Hidden Power of Normalization Layers in Neural Networks: Exponential Capacity Control

    Normalization layers are critical components of modern AI systems, such as ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek, etc. Empirically, they are known to stabilize training dynamics and improve generalization ability. However, the underlying theoretical mechanism by which normalization layers contribute to both optimization and generalization remains largely unexplained, especially when using many normalization layers in a deep neur

    Khoat Than

On this calendar day 13

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2008year

    Lewis Hamilton (pictured) overtook Timo Glock in the final corners of the Brazilian Grand Prix to win the Formula One championship by one point.

  2. 2000year

    As members of Expedition 1, American astronaut William Shepherd and Russian cosmonauts Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko (all pictured) became the first resident crew to arrive at the International Space Station.

  3. 1997year

    Tropical Storm Linda made landfall in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, causing more than 3,000 deaths.

  4. 1994year

    A lightning strike ruptured three oil tanks near Dronka, Egypt, causing a flood that killed 469 people.

  5. 1984year

    The serial killer Velma Barfield became the first woman to be executed in the United States since 1962.

  6. 1963year

    President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam was assassinated, marking the culmination of a coup d'état led by Dương Văn Minh.

  7. 1957year

    A large number of people witnessed a fiery object in the sky near Levelland, Texas, which the United States Air Force said was ball lightning.

  8. 1949year

    The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference ended with the Netherlands agreeing to transfer sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies to the United States of Indonesia.

  9. 1943year

    World War II: A U.S. Navy task force turned away an Imperial Japanese Navy formation at the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, thus protecting the landings at Cape Torokina.

  10. 1932year

    The Australian military began a "war against emus", flightless native birds blamed for widespread damage to crops in Western Australia.

  11. 1917year

    The British government issued the Balfour Declaration in support of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, then an Ottoman region with a small Jewish minority.

  12. 1880year

    James A. Garfield was elected as president of the United States; the election is the closest to date by popular vote margin.

  13. 619year

    Emperor Gaozu of Tang allowed the assassination of a khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate by Eastern Turkic rivals, one of the earliest events in the Tang campaigns against the Western Turks.