{"date":"2026-09-22","schema_version":1,"captured_at":"2026-09-23T09:36:24.607Z","complete":true,"sources_captured":["attention","frontier","research","history"],"counts":{"attention":30,"frontier":25,"research":25,"history":18},"attention":[{"title":"Lizzie Borden","views":806041,"rank":3,"extract":"Lizzie Andrew Borden was an American woman who was tried and acquitted of the August 4, 1892, murders of her father and stepmother in Fall River, Massachusetts. No other individuals were charged with the murders.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizzie_Borden","thumb":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Lizzie_Borden_1890.jpg/330px-Lizzie_Borden_1890.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail"},{"title":"Cindy Crawford","views":474205,"rank":5,"extract":"Cynthia Ann Crawford is an American model, actress, and television personality. 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Recent studies on multi-party dialogue benchmarks show that existing general-purpose LLM memory systems tend t","authors":["Haobo Zheng","Tan Tang","Yan Chen","Weijie Wang","Yingcai Wu"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26780v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26780v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:56:12Z"},{"title":"CliffCompaction: Cost-Efficient Compaction for Long-Horizon Coding Agents","abstract":"Agents often work on complex problems that require millions of tokens of context, which necessitates compacting across sessions due to limited context windows. We develop CliffCompaction, an autocompaction technique that reduces cost by up to 50% under a bounded context while maintaining or improving performance on Terminal-Bench and achieving new levels of efficiency for test-time scaling and state-of-the-art result","authors":["Trang Nguyen","Eulrang Cho","Bingqing Chen","Tim Dettmers"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26779v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26779v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:55:59Z"},{"title":"SWE-Serve: Benchmarking Agentic Engineering For Production Inference Serving","abstract":"We introduce SWE-Serve, a benchmark for evaluating agents on production inference engineering tasks. Implementing an inference feature can require coordinating multiple changes across the serving stack, including model support, runtime execution, and public APIs. Existing benchmarks provide limited coverage of production inference engineering: repository-level software engineering benchmarks do not target inference, ","authors":["Jennifer Williams","Dave Farris","Jeff Farris","Jiantao Jiao"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26777v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26777v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:54:59Z"},{"title":"A2M: Trace-Optimized Agent Hijacking in the MCP Ecosystem","abstract":"Agents using the Model Context Protocol (MCP) rely on semantic matching to select tools from third-party servers, exposing a semantic supply-chain risk through attacker-controlled metadata and outputs. We introduce A2M (Attraction-to-Manipulation), a two-stage black-box framework for hijacking MCP agents. The Attraction phase optimizes tool metadata to increase invocation probability; the Manipulation phase uses exec","authors":["Laizhen Li","Xuan Wang","Peicheng Zhao","Juanjuan Zhao","Kejiang Ye","Cheng-zhong Xu"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26761v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26761v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:41:34Z"},{"title":"Grow the Harness, Not the Context: From Strategy-Free Scaffolds to Reusable Specialist Agents","abstract":"Large language model (LLM) agents often handle streams of related tasks, yet standard harnesses repeatedly ask the model to reconstruct the same control decisions inside each task's context. We study whether task feedback can instead turn recurring control into reusable executable code, while reserving LLM calls for task-specific semantic reasoning. We introduce Growing Harness, a failure-guided training paradigm tha","authors":["Laizhen Li","Jiarui Li","Juanjuan Zhao","Kejiang Ye","Ye Li","Cheng-zhong Xu"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26760v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26760v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:40:45Z"},{"title":"Type-Safe Is Not Error-Free: A Constrained Decision Head Follows the Option Name, Not the Rubric Bound to It","abstract":"Typed decision models are built for settings where model outputs are consumed directly by software. Instead of generating free-form text, they return a decision over a predefined set of options. By construction, every output conforms to the required schema. Yet this guarantee does not tell us whether the model interprets the options as intended. We study Jev and two Jev-like models with open weights by changing how o","authors":["Yu Sun","Junhao Xu"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26758v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26758v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:38:12Z"},{"title":"FleXray: Universal Clinical X-ray Segmentation","abstract":"X-ray is medicine's most widely used imaging modality, yet remains among its least quantitative. Unlike volumetric modalities like CT or MRI, X-ray collapses 3D anatomy into a 2D projection, causing structures to overlap and anatomical boundaries to be ambiguous, even to experts. As a result, labeling X-ray databases for training general-purpose segmentation systems is impractical, leaving morphometric and functional","authors":["Victor Ion Butoi","Vivek Gopalakrishnan","John V. Guttag","Adrian V. Dalca","Neel Dey"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26756v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26756v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:37:55Z"},{"title":"Metrics Failure in LLM-Based Code Vulnerability Repair: An Empirical Study and a Change-Aware Screen","abstract":"Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to the automated repair of C/C++ security vulnerabilities, and compile rate is a commonly reported proxy for progress: whether the generated patch compiles. We argue that compile rate is a scientifically unreliable metric for single-function vulnerability repair, and we support this with five controlled experiments over 203 vulnerable functions from Big-Vul, three","authors":["Om Nepal","Sushant Aryal","Oluseyi Olukola","Nick Rahimi"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26749v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26749v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:32:05Z"},{"title":"Does AI Save Time on Product Design? A Randomized Controlled Experiment of AI Prompt-to-Design Workflows","abstract":"AI tools for digital product design now offer prompt-to-design capabilities, allowing designers and their non-designer colleagues to create prototypes through conversational workflows with large language models (LLMs). While these tools promise time savings, experimental evidence in product design remains limited compared with evidence from software engineering. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 50 prod","authors":["Remy Stewart","Olabode Anise","Andrew Hogan","Augustus Griffin"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26725v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26725v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:13:07Z"},{"title":"The Sirens' Song: When Proximal Background Context Overshadows Distant Evidence","abstract":"Long-context LLMs focus on retrieving distant evidence from extensive context, yet existing work has largely focused on overcoming distance alone. In this work, we identify the Proximity Trap, insufficient attention to distant evidence often arises less from distance itself than from cumulative competition with abundant, task-irrelevant proximal background. To address the Proximity Trap, we introduce LYRA (Long-conte","authors":["Xiaoyu Yang","Jie Lu","Wei Duan","En Yu"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26718v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26718v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:06:51Z"},{"title":"TraceVIC: Causal Reasoning over Code Evolution for Identifying Vulnerability-Inducing Commits","abstract":"Software vulnerabilities are often discovered long after they are introduced, making it difficult to identify the vulnerability-inducing commit (VIC) responsible for introducing the underlying vulnerable condition. Existing VIC identification techniques largely rely on git blame to trace vulnerable code through revision history and use positional heuristics, such as selecting its earliest or most recent modification.","authors":["Fnu Tanish","Samiha Shimmi","Samikshya Chapagain","Hamed Okhravi","Mona Rahimi","Lei Zhang"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26711v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26711v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:02:42Z"},{"title":"Train Where the Quantized Model Goes: On-Policy Distillation for Low-Bit Reasoning","abstract":"Quantization-aware distillation (QAD) restores much of the short-form question-answering performance lost to sub-3-bit quantization, yet leaves mathematical and code reasoning substantially impaired. Long generations often degenerate into repetitive loops, exhausting the decoding budget without completing a solution. We trace this gap to quantization-amplified exposure bias: QAD trains on fixed corpus prefixes, while","authors":["Yuanteng Chen","Zhilei Liu","Peisong Wang","Yuantian Shao","Chuangyi Li","Weining Wang"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26708v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26708v1","published":"2026-09-22T17:01:09Z"},{"title":"Beyond Repeated Sampling: Learning Search Policies for LLM Reasoning","abstract":"Large language models increasingly tackle hard reasoning problems by spending more test-time compute, yet the dominant strategy remains naive repeated sampling: draw many independent solutions and hope one is correct. Because such sampling explores only through local decoding noise, it tends to produce many near duplicate attempts rather than genuinely different ideas. We ask whether exploration can instead be steere","authors":["Ismail Labiad","Matthieu Kowalski","Marc Schoenauer","Rémi Munos","Julia Kempe"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26704v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26704v1","published":"2026-09-22T16:56:53Z"},{"title":"Measuring the Serving Stack Instead of the Model: Hidden Confounds in Local Tool-Use Evaluation","abstract":"A coding agent must emit a valid tool call--a parseable invocation of a tool in the provided schema--before the harness can execute its chosen action. We study how local serving stacks affect this protocol step and show that measured outcomes can depend on the serving layer rather than model behavior alone. In Ollama, the default tools= request is gated per model by a static template flag: some models are accepted an","authors":["Lijuan Tang","Yuemeng Zheng"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26693v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26693v1","published":"2026-09-22T16:48:17Z"},{"title":"From Alignment to Access Control: A Framework for GenAI Policy Enforcement","abstract":"Generative AI (GenAI) applications have flourished enabling users to chat with large language models, and to create agents to act on their behalf for a variety of tasks. The pace of development of capabilities in this field is incredibly fast with security and safety taking a back seat. Unfortunately, the slower pace at which security and safety mechanisms have evolved has led to real incidents. Policy enables the de","authors":["Nathalie Baracaldo"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26682v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26682v1","published":"2026-09-22T16:40:57Z"},{"title":"A Spectral Theory of Grokking: Weight Decay induces Feature Learning","abstract":"In grokking an early fit to the training data separates from a much later improvement in generalization. During this delay, training can move from a fixed neural tangent kernel (NTK) regime to one in which task-relevant kernel eigendirections continue to evolve. We provide a quantitative theory for how this transition from lazy to rich learning can produce delayed generalization. For homogeneous networks trained with","authors":["Lenz Pracher","Pascal de Jong","Oskar Lieshaus","Alan Jeffares","Steffen Rulands"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26679v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26679v1","published":"2026-09-22T16:38:16Z"},{"title":"The Delegation Blind Spot: Auditing Product Decisions from Agent Choices","abstract":"Successful agent execution need not identify which future product improvement its user would value. We present a decision-specific audit that maps a declared observation channel and product-value contrast to compatible intervals and witness populations. Its foundations are established identification and decision theory; the contribution is an executable measurement workflow and a controlled study of its limits. A fro","authors":["Shivam Gupta"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26642v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26642v1","published":"2026-09-22T16:15:55Z"},{"title":"Capable yet Parsimonious: Extracting and Characterizing Hidden Chain-of-Thought in Frontier Models","abstract":"The rapid capability gains of frontier language models are widely attributed to improved reasoning abilities, yet this cannot be verified as raw CoT traces in closed-source systems are hidden. By registering a simple custom tool through a standard API feature, we induce frontier models to externalize intermediate reasoning. Because these traces may reflect post-hoc rationalization rather than genuine reasoning, we fi","authors":["Xiaoyu Luo","Tao Ren","Wenrui Yu","Xiao Li","Qiongxiu Li","Johannes Bjerva"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26637v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26637v1","published":"2026-09-22T16:10:18Z"},{"title":"Greedy Decoding Is Not Precision-Invariant: Cross-Precision Output Divergence in LLM Inference","abstract":"Greedy decoding from large language models is commonly treated as deterministic. We show it is not precision-invariant: the same model, prompt, and decoding algorithm produce different outputs in BF16 versus FP16 on identical hardware. Across our evaluations of six models (1.1B-7B parameters, four families; divergence additionally characterised at 12B) and three benchmarks, 49-100\\% of prompts diverge; a single token","authors":["Gaoyuan Du","Anam Nawaz Khan","Rex Zhou","Xiaoyang Liu","Deepayan Chakrabarti","Fnu Suya"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26621v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26621v1","published":"2026-09-22T15:54:16Z"},{"title":"Towards Hierarchical GNNs for multi-grid power flow: generalization across operating scenarios","abstract":"Hierarchical latent communication improves the generalization of a multi-grid power-flow model to new operating scenarios. The module exchanges information through two reduced graphs within a GENCO-based corrective network. We compare Kron-derived transports, a same-anchor Quotient construction and a flat backbone in preliminary trainings of 200 epochs on three grid topologies, with three initialization seeds per mod","authors":["Carmine Delle Femine","Leire Garin Atxaga","Asier Diaz-Iglesias","Juan Pablo Maroto Herrera","Ane Miren Florez-Tapia","Marco Quartulli. Izaro Goienetxea Urziku"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26603v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26603v1","published":"2026-09-22T15:41:11Z"},{"title":"Receptiveness, Not Sycophancy: Distinguishing Engagement from Deference in Language Models","abstract":"A central concern with language models is sycophancy: their tendency to defer to users' views at the expense of independent substantive judgment. In parallel, work on social sycophancy has focused on behaviors such as validation and positivity that may signal inappropriate deference. Yet the markers of social sycophancy are also characteristic of conversational receptiveness, a construct from social psychology shown ","authors":["Calvin Isley","Johann Gaebler","Max Lamparth","Julia Minson","Sharad Goel"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26579v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26579v1","published":"2026-09-22T15:27:16Z"},{"title":"Quantum-Aided Active Device Detection in Energy-Harvesting Symbiotic Radio Networks","abstract":"Massive connectivity in next-generation networks demands energy- and spectrum-efficient solutions for large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) deployments. Symbiotic radio (SR) enables passive IoT devices to communicate by backscattering existing cellular transmissions. A key challenge in uplink SR is active device detection (ADD), which directly affects decoding reliability, interference management, and system throughpu","authors":["Remon Polus","Deemah Tashman","Soumaya Cherkaoui"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26565v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26565v1","published":"2026-09-22T15:17:48Z"},{"title":"The Disciplinary Language Transfer Problem: How Psychological Vocabulary Produces Governance Failures in AI Agent Deployment","abstract":"The vocabulary used to describe AI agents in governance contexts -- learning, memory, values, compliance, identity, trust -- is borrowed from psychological and organizational science, contributing to systematic failures in how organizations deploy, oversee, and hold agents accountable. This paper argues that the problem is not merely terminological but epistemological: psychological vocabulary carries an \"invisible g","authors":["Kymberly Lasser-Chere","Tyler Akidau","Marc Millstone"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26562v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26562v1","published":"2026-09-22T15:14:36Z"},{"title":"Neutral-Atom-based Quantum Optimization for Resource Allocation in NOMA Networks","abstract":"In wireless communication networks, many resource optimization problems are nondeterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) due to their combinatorial nature and high computational complexity. Recently, neutral-atom-based quantum computing has emerged as a promising platform for efficiently solving such problems by leveraging quantum superposition and entanglement. However, its application to wireless communication o","authors":["Patatchona Keyela","Remon Polus","Soumaya Cherkaoui","Ola Ahmad"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26556v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26556v1","published":"2026-09-22T15:10:49Z"},{"title":"JEV-as-a-Judge: Accept When Confident, Escalate When Unsure","abstract":"LLM-as-a-judge enables evaluation across diverse tasks, but inference cost and confidence reliability become critical at scale. We study whether a decision-only judge can provide an economical first pass and identify when stronger evaluation is needed. Comparing jev-as-a-judge with sixteen generative and reward-model judges, with blinded human adjudication, we find it within three percentage points of a state-of-the-","authors":["Yubo Li","Yidi Miao","Ramayya Krishnan","Rema Padman"],"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26550v1","arxiv_id":"2609.26550v1","published":"2026-09-22T15:05:56Z"}],"history":{"events":[{"year":2014,"text":"The NASA spacecraft MAVEN entered into orbit around Mars to study the planet's atmosphere.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA"},{"year":2013,"text":"Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: All Saints Church in Peshawar, Pakistan, was attacked by two suicide bombers who killed 127 people.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa"},{"year":2003,"text":"Dolphin, the first emulator for the GameCube that could run commercial video games, was released.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin_(emulator)"},{"year":1994,"text":"The Nordhordland Bridge (pictured), crossing Salhusfjorden between Klauvaneset and Flatøy in Vestland, and Norway's second-longest bridge, officially opened.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordhordland_Bridge"},{"year":1993,"text":"A tugboat towing a barge collided with a rail bridge in Mobile, Alabama, U.S., deforming the tracks and causing the derailment of a passenger train eight minutes later, which killed 47 people and injured an additional 103.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugboat"},{"year":1979,"text":"An American Vela satellite detected an unidentified flash of light near the Prince Edward Islands in the Indian Ocean, thought to be a nuclear weapons test.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vela_(satellite)"},{"year":1975,"text":"Sara Jane Moore attempted to assassinate U.S. president Gerald Ford, but failed due to unfamiliarity with her weapon.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Jane_Moore"},{"year":1957,"text":"François Duvalier (pictured), nicknamed Papa Doc, was elected President of Haiti as a populist before consolidating power and ruling as a dictator for the rest of his life.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duvalier"},{"year":1948,"text":"Led by Gail Halvorsen, the United States Air Force began Operation \"Little Vittles\", delivering candy to children as part of the Berlin Airlift.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_Halvorsen"},{"year":1939,"text":"A joint military parade by the troops of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union took place in Brest-Litovsk to celebrate their partition of Poland.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_military_parade_in_Brest-Litovsk"},{"year":1934,"text":"One of Britain's worst mining accidents took place when an explosion at Gresford Colliery in Wales killed 266 men.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresford_disaster"},{"year":1922,"text":"After nine days, the great fire of Smyrna was extinguished (aftermath pictured), having caused at least ten thousand deaths.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning_of_Smyrna"},{"year":1914,"text":"First World War: The German submarine U-9 sank three Royal Navy cruisers, resulting in approximately 1,450 deaths.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"year":1914,"text":"World War I: German naval forces bombarded Papeete in French Polynesia and sank a French gunboat.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I"},{"year":1869,"text":"Das Rheingold, the first of four operas in Der Ring des Nibelungen by the German composer Richard Wagner (pictured), was first performed in Munich.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_Rheingold"},{"year":1726,"text":"Bach led the first performance of his cantata Wer Dank opfert, der preiset mich, BWV 17, in Leipzig.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach"},{"year":1586,"text":"Eighty Years' War: Spanish forces defeated an Anglo-Dutch army at the Battle of Zutphen.* 1789 – The office of United States Postmaster General was formally established.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years'_War"},{"year":1236,"text":"Livonian Crusade: The Livonian Brothers of the Sword were soundly defeated by pagan Samogitian and Semigallian troops at the Battle of Saule.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_Crusade"}],"births":[{"year":2009,"text":"Coco Yoshizawa, Japanese skateboarder","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coco_Yoshizawa"},{"year":2004,"text":"Jessie Murph, American singer and songwriter","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessie_Murph"},{"year":2000,"text":"Louise Christie, British rhythm gymnast","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Christie"},{"year":2000,"text":"Stephen Crichton, Samoan rugby league footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Crichton"},{"year":2000,"text":"Seungmin, South Korean singer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seungmin"},{"year":1999,"text":"Curry Barker, American filmmaker and actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry_Barker"},{"year":1999,"text":"Kim Yo-han, South Korean singer and actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Yo-han"},{"year":1999,"text":"Kim You-jung, South Korean actress","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_You-jung"}],"deaths":[{"year":2024,"text":"Roy Clay, American computer scientist (born 1929)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Clay"},{"year":2024,"text":"Fredric Jameson, American academic and literary critic (born 1934)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredric_Jameson"},{"year":2023,"text":"Altemio Sanchez, Puerto Rican serial killer and rapist (born 1958)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altemio_Sanchez"},{"year":2022,"text":"Carlos Balá, Argentine actor and comedian (born 1925)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Bal%C3%A1"},{"year":2022,"text":"Hilary Mantel, British author (born 1952)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_Mantel"},{"year":2022,"text":"Pal Singh Purewal, Punjabi engineer, author, scholar, and teacher (born 1931/1932)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal_Singh_Purewal"},{"year":2020,"text":"Neil Brannon, American politician (born 1940)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Brannon"},{"year":2018,"text":"Chas Hodges, English musician and singer (born 1943)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chas_Hodges"}]},"census":{"panel_version":2,"probed":14770,"error_rate":27.75,"degraded":false,"rates":{"head":11.8,"tail":4.1,"ai_native":72.73}},"sources":[{"id":"attention","name":"Wikipedia most-read","url":"https://api.wikimedia.org","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Wikipedia contributors"},{"id":"frontier","name":"Hacker News","url":"https://news.ycombinator.com","license":"Public API — titles and links, credited","attribution":"Hacker News / Y Combinator"},{"id":"research","name":"arXiv cs.AI","url":"https://arxiv.org","license":"Open metadata, per arXiv API terms","attribution":"arXiv.org"},{"id":"history","name":"Wikipedia On this 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Every item links to its source."}