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was murdered in circumstances suggesting the support and complicity of the Belgian and US governments.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba"},{"year":1961,"text":"Three days before leaving office, U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower delivered a farewell speech to the nation, in which he warned about the dangers of the military–industrial complex.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower"},{"year":1948,"text":"Indonesian National Revolution: The Renville Agreement between the Netherlands and Indonesian republicans was ratified, in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to resolve disputes arising from the Linggadjati Agreement of 1946.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution"},{"year":1945,"text":"World War II: Australian troops advanced along the northern part of Bougainville Island (in present-day Papua New Guinea) and began fighting Japanese forces in the Battle of Tsimba Ridge.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II"},{"year":1945,"text":"Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who had saved thousands of Jews from the Holocaust, was taken into Soviet custody during the Siege of Budapest and was never seen in public again.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raoul_Wallenberg"},{"year":1920,"text":"The Volstead Act went into effect, beginning the prohibition of alcohol in the United States.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volstead_Act"},{"year":1912,"text":"Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition reached the South Pole, only to find that Roald Amundsen's team had beaten them by 33 days.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott"},{"year":1893,"text":"Lorrin A. Thurston and the Citizens' Committee of Public Safety led the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the government of Queen Liliʻuokalani (pictured).","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorrin_A._Thurston"},{"year":1773,"text":"On James Cook's second voyage, his vessel HMS Resolution became the first vessel to cross the Antarctic Circle.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook"},{"year":1562,"text":"Representatives of Catherine de' Medici, the regent of France, drew up the Edict of Saint-Germain, providing limited tolerance to the Protestant Huguenots.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_de'_Medici"},{"year":1377,"text":"Gregory XI, the last Avignon pope, entered Rome after a four-month journey from Avignon, returning the papacy to its original city.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XI"}],"births":[{"year":2005,"text":"Peio Canales, Spanish footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peio_Canales"},{"year":2003,"text":"Robin Roefs, Dutch footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Roefs"},{"year":2002,"text":"Samuel, American singer based in South Korea.","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_(singer)"},{"year":2001,"text":"Enzo Fernández, Argentinian footballer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzo_Fern%C3%A1ndez"},{"year":2000,"text":"Kang Chan-hee, South Korean singer and actor","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kang_Chan-hee"},{"year":2000,"text":"Devlin DeFrancesco, Canadian race car driver","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlin_DeFrancesco"},{"year":2000,"text":"Ayo Dosunmu, American basketball player","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayo_Dosunmu"},{"year":1999,"text":"Isa Briones, American actor and singer","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa_Briones"}],"deaths":[{"year":2025,"text":"Didier Guillaume, French politician, 25th Minister of State of Monaco (born 1959)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier_Guillaume"},{"year":2025,"text":"Jules Feiffer, American cartoonist, playwright, screenwriter, and educator (born 1929)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Feiffer"},{"year":2025,"text":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, Mongolian politician, 1st President of Mongolia (born 1942)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat"},{"year":2025,"text":"Denis Law, Scottish footballer (born 1940)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Law"},{"year":2023,"text":"Lucile Randon, French supercentenarian (born 1904)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucile_Randon"},{"year":2022,"text":"Birju Maharaj, Indian dancer (born 1937)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birju_Maharaj"},{"year":2021,"text":"Rasheed Naz, Pakistani film and television actor (born 1948)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasheed_Naz"},{"year":2020,"text":"Derek Fowlds, British actor (born1937)","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Fowlds"}]},"census":null,"sources":[{"id":"attention","name":"Wikipedia most-read","url":"https://api.wikimedia.org","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Wikipedia contributors"},{"id":"frontier","name":"Hacker News","url":"https://news.ycombinator.com","licence":"Public API — titles and links, credited","attribution":"Hacker News / Y Combinator"},{"id":"research","name":"arXiv cs.AI","url":"https://arxiv.org","licence":"Open metadata, per arXiv API terms","attribution":"arXiv.org"},{"id":"history","name":"Wikipedia On this day","url":"https://api.wikimedia.org","licence":"CC BY-SA 4.0","attribution":"Wikipedia contributors"}],"licence":"Records are CC BY-SA 4.0, inheriting from Wikipedia. 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