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Record 30122025 · captured 2026-08-25

Tuesday, 30 December 2025

The world looked up Brigitte Bardot. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2025-12-29 Tuesday, 30 December 2025 2025-12-31 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 758,092views

    Brigitte Bardot

    Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot, often referred to by her initials B.B., was a French actress, singer, model, and animal rights activist. She became one of the best-known symbols of the sexual revolution and gained international fame for portraying characters assoc

  2. 405,398views

    1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

    Protests led by students and workers, known in China as the June Fourth Incident, were held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, from 15 April to 4 June 1989. After weeks of unsuccessful attempts between the demonstrators and the Chinese government to find a

  3. 331,867views

    Dhurandhar

    Dhurandhar is a 2025 Indian Hindi-language spy action thriller film written and directed by Aditya Dhar. It is produced by Aditya Dhar, Lokesh Dhar and Jyoti Deshpande under Jio Studios and B62 Studios. The film features an ensemble cast consisting of Ranveer

  4. 286,682views

    Avatar: Fire and Ash

    Avatar: Fire and Ash is a 2025 American epic science fiction film directed by James Cameron from a screenplay he co-wrote with Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver. Produced by Lightstorm Entertainment, it is the third installment in the Avatar film series and the seq

  5. 182,243views

    Anthony Joshua

    Anthony Oluwafemi Olaseni "AJ" Joshua is a British professional boxer. He held the unified heavyweight championship twice between 2017 and 2021. He also held the International Boxing Organization (IBO) title during his reigns as champion. At regional level, he

  6. 180,031views

    Marty Supreme

    Marty Supreme is a 2025 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Josh Safdie, who co-wrote it with Ronald Bronstein. Set in the 1950s, it stars Timothée Chalamet as table tennis player Marty Mauser and follows his quest to become world champion. Gwyneth P

  7. 178,362views

    Stranger Things season 5

    The fifth and final season of the American science fiction horror drama television series Stranger Things, marketed as Stranger Things 5, was released on the streaming service Netflix in two volumes and the finale. The first set of four episodes was released o

  8. 176,458views

    Brock Purdy

    Brock Richard Purdy is an American professional football quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Iowa State Cyclones and was selected by the 49ers with the final pick in the 2022 NFL dra

  9. 175,244views

    Stranger Things

    Stranger Things is an American television series created by the Duffer Brothers for Netflix. Produced by Monkey Massacre Productions and 21 Laps Entertainment, the first season was released on Netflix on July 15, 2016. The second and third seasons followed in

  10. 170,130views

    2026 PDC World Darts Championship

    The 2026 PDC World Darts Championship was a professional darts tournament that took place from 11 December 2025 to 3 January 2026 at Alexandra Palace in London, England. The 33rd World Darts Championship organised by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC), i

  11. 163,646views

    List of highest-grossing Indian films

    This ranking lists the highest-grossing Indian films produced by Indian cinema, based on conservative global box office estimates as reported by organisations classified as green by Wikipedia. The figures are not adjusted for inflation. However, there is no of

  12. 153,435views

    Lists of deaths by year

    This is a list of lists of deaths of significant people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month and then linked below.

  13. 142,431views

    Somaliland

    Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is a partially recognised state in the Horn of Africa. It is located on the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Ethiopia to the south and west, and Somalia to the east

  14. 115,923views

    Bruce Lee

    Bruce Lee was a Hong Kong and American martial artist, actor, and filmmaker. He was the founder of Jeet Kune Do, a hybrid martial arts philosophy, which was formed from his experiences in unarmed fighting and self-defense—as well as eclectic, Zen Buddhist, and

  15. 113,404views

    2025 Africa Cup of Nations

    The 2025 Africa Cup of Nations was the 35th edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, a biennial football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the Confederation of African Football (CAF). It was hosted by Morocco — the second time the country had ho

  16. 112,983views

    Heated Rivalry

    Heated Rivalry is a Canadian sports romance television series created, written, and directed by Jacob Tierney for Crave. Based on the Game Changers book series by Rachel Reid, the show takes its title from the 2019 second installment. It stars Hudson Williams

  17. 112,907views

    Pluribus (TV series)

    Pluribus is an American post-apocalyptic science fiction television series created by Vince Gilligan for Apple TV. Set and filmed primarily in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the series follows novelist Carol Sturka, who finds herself isolated after an alien virus tr

  18. 100,711views

    Christian McCaffrey

    Christian Jackson McCaffrey is an American professional football running back for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Stanford Cardinal and was selected by the Carolina Panthers eighth overall in th

  19. 100,230views

    Millie Bobby Brown

    Millie Bonnie Bongiovi, known professionally as Millie Bobby Brown, is a British actress and film producer. She gained international recognition for playing Eleven in the Netflix science fiction series Stranger Things (2016–2025), for which she received nomina

  20. 99,043views

    One Battle After Another

    One Battle After Another is a 2025 American action thriller film written, directed, and produced by Paul Thomas Anderson. Inspired by the 1990 novel Vineland by Thomas Pynchon, the film's ensemble cast includes Leonardo DiCaprio, Sean Penn, Benicio del Toro, R

  21. 92,824views

    The Housemaid (2025 film)

    The Housemaid is a 2025 American erotic psychological thriller film directed by Paul Feig and written by Rebecca Sonnenshine. It is based on the 2022 novel by Freida McFadden, and stars Sydney Sweeney and Amanda Seyfried. In the film, Millie Calloway, a young

  22. 92,168views

    Wake Up Dead Man

    Wake Up Dead Man is a 2025 American mystery film written and directed by Rian Johnson. It is the third film in the Knives Out series. The film stars Daniel Craig, who reprises his role as master detective Benoit Blanc as he investigates the death of a Catholic

  23. 76,567views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as Neetsvil

  24. 76,414views

    Caleb Williams

    Caleb Williams is an American professional football quarterback for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). Following one season of college football with the Oklahoma Sooners, he played for the USC Trojans and won the Heisman Trophy in 2022 af

  25. 73,755views

    Marty Reisman

    Martin Reisman was an American table tennis player and author. He won the U.S. Men's Singles Championship in 1958 and 1960 and the U.S. Hardbat Championship in 1997. He advocated the traditional hardbat style of table tennis.

  26. 73,330views

    Avatar (2009 film)

    Avatar is a 2009 epic science fiction film written and directed by James Cameron. It features an ensemble cast including Sam Worthington, Zoe Saldaña, Stephen Lang, Michelle Rodriguez, and Sigourney Weaver. It is the first installment in the Avatar film series

  27. 73,056views

    List of Stranger Things episodes

    Stranger Things is an American science fiction, horror, mystery, and drama television series created by the Duffer Brothers for the streaming service Netflix. The brothers, as well as Karl Gajdusek in the first season only, are the program's showrunners. They

  28. 72,332views

    Jamie Campbell Bower

    James Metcalfe Campbell Bower is an English actor, singer, and musician. He is best known for his role as Henry Creel / Vecna in the fourth (2022) and fifth (2025) seasons of the science fiction horror series Stranger Things, for which he received critical acc

  29. 70,378views

    Noah Schnapp

    Noah Cameron Schnapp is an American actor. He made his acting debut in 2015 with his portrayal of Charlie Brown in the animated film The Peanuts Movie and his supporting role in Steven Spielberg's Bridge of Spies. Schnapp gained international recognition for h

  30. 65,308views

    Nell Fisher

    Nell Fisher is a British-New Zealand actress, best known for portraying Holly Wheeler in the fifth and final season of the Netflix science fiction horror series Stranger Things (2025). She also had starring roles in the films Evil Dead Rise (2023) and Bookworm

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 730points

    Show HN: 22 GB of Hacker News in SQLite

    221 comments

  2. 667points

    Netflix Open Content

    135 comments

  3. 536points

    A faster heart for F-Droid

    215 comments

  4. 514points

    OpenAI's cash burn will be one of the big bubble questions of 2026

    759 comments

  5. 456points

    Non-Zero-Sum Games

    209 comments

  6. 432points

    Nicolas Guillou, French ICC judge sanctioned by the US and “debanked”

    468 comments

  7. 408points

    Go away Python

    400 comments

  8. 395points

    FediMeteo: A €4 FreeBSD VPS Became a Global Weather Service

    92 comments

  9. 391points

    Honey's Dieselgate: Detecting and tricking testers

    163 comments

  10. 333points

    A Vulnerability in Libsodium

    48 comments

  11. 289points

    Times New American: A Tale of Two Fonts

    178 comments

  12. 265points

    No strcpy either

    145 comments

  13. 258points

    HSBC blocks its app due to F-Droid-installed Bitwarden

    230 comments

  14. 244points

    NYC Mayoral Inauguration bans Raspberry Pi and Flipper Zero alongside explosives

    226 comments

  15. 234points

    Public Sans – A strong, neutral typeface

    101 comments

  16. 228points

    The British empire's resilient subsea telegraph network

    60 comments

  17. 227points

    Everything as code: How we manage our company in one monorepo

    227 comments

  18. 224points

    Project ideas to appreciate the art of programming

    79 comments

  19. 222points

    Hacking Washing Machines [video]

    49 comments

  20. 217points

    Professional software developers don't vibe, they control

    247 comments

  21. 217points

    Zpdf: PDF text extraction in Zig

    87 comments

  22. 217points

    Quickemu: Quickly create and run optimised Windows, macOS and Linux VMs

    45 comments

  23. 203points

    Sabotaging Bitcoin

    212 comments

  24. 192points

    Approachable Swift Concurrency

    98 comments

  25. 192points

    Electrolysis can solve one of our biggest contamination problems

    62 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2102.05755

    Development of Crop Yield Estimation Model using Soil and Environmental Parameters

    Crop yield is affected by various soil and environmental parameters and can vary significantly. Therefore, a crop yield estimation model which can predict pre-harvest yield is required for food security. The study is conducted on tea forms operating under National Tea Research Institute, Pakistan. The data is recorded on monthly basis for ten years period. The parameters collected are minimum and maximum temperature,

    Ahmed, Nisar, Asif, Hafiz Muhammad Shahzad, Saleem, Gulshan, Younus, Muhammad Usman

  2. arXiv2202.13673

    Recent Advances and Challenges in Deep Audio-Visual Correlation Learning

    Audio-visual correlation learning aims to capture essential correspondences and understand natural phenomena between audio and video. With the rapid growth of deep learning, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this emerging research issue. Through the past few years, various methods and datasets have been proposed for audio-visual correlation learning, which motivate us to conclude a comprehensive surv

    Vilaça, Luís, Yu, Yi, Viana, Paula

  3. arXiv2205.03368

    An Efficient Minimax Optimal Estimator For Multivariate Convex Regression

    This work studies the computational aspects of multivariate convex regression in dimensions $d \ge 5$. Our results include the \emph{first} estimators that are minimax optimal (up to logarithmic factors) with polynomial runtime in the sample size for both $L$-Lipschitz convex regression, and $Γ$-bounded convex regression under polytopal support. Our analysis combines techniques from empirical process theory, stochast

    Kur, Gil, Putterman, Eli

  4. arXiv2206.08462

    Recursive Neural Programs: Variational Learning of Image Grammars and Part-Whole Hierarchies

    Human vision involves parsing and representing objects and scenes using structured representations based on part-whole hierarchies. Computer vision and machine learning researchers have recently sought to emulate this capability using capsule networks, reference frames and active predictive coding, but a generative model formulation has been lacking. We introduce Recursive Neural Programs (RNPs), which, to our knowle

    Fisher, Ares, Rao, Rajesh P. N.

  5. arXiv2207.11143

    Towards Global Optimality in Cooperative MARL with the Transformation And Distillation Framework

    Decentralized execution is one core demand in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Recently, most popular MARL algorithms have adopted decentralized policies to enable decentralized execution, and use gradient descent as the optimizer. However, there is hardly any theoretical analysis of these algorithms taking the optimization method into consideration, and we find that various popular MARL algorithms with dec

    Ye, Jianing, Li, Chenghao, Dou, Yongqiang, Wang, Jianhao et al.

  6. arXiv2210.13461

    Active Predictive Coding: A Unified Neural Framework for Learning Hierarchical World Models for Perception and Planning

    Predictive coding has emerged as a prominent model of how the brain learns through predictions, anticipating the importance accorded to predictive learning in recent AI architectures such as transformers. Here we propose a new framework for predictive coding called active predictive coding which can learn hierarchical world models and solve two radically different open problems in AI: (1) how do we learn compositiona

    Rao, Rajesh P. N., Gklezakos, Dimitrios C., Sathish, Vishwas

  7. arXiv2212.11279

    Annotated History of Modern AI and Deep Learning

    Machine learning (ML) is the science of credit assignment. It seeks to find patterns in observations that explain and predict the consequences of events and actions. This then helps to improve future performance. Minsky's so-called "fundamental credit assignment problem" (1963) surfaces in all sciences including physics (why is the world the way it is?) and history (which persons/ideas/actions have shaped

    Schmidhuber, Juergen

  8. arXiv2212.14783

    An extended method for Statistical Signal Characterization using moments and cumulants, as a fast and accurate pre-processing stage of simple ANNs applied to the recognition of pattern alterations in pulse-like waveforms

    We propose a feature-extraction procedure based on the statistical characterization of waveforms, applied as a fast pre-processing stage in a pattern recognition task using simple artificial neural network models. This procedure involves measuring a set of 30 parameters, including moments and cumulants obtained from the waveform, its derivative, and its integral. The technique is presented as an extension of the Stat

    Bustos, G. H., Segnorile, H. H.

  9. arXiv2303.17496

    Data-driven multiscale modeling for correcting dynamical systems

    We propose a multiscale approach for predicting quantities in dynamical systems which is explicitly structured to extract information in both fine-to-coarse and coarse-to-fine directions. We envision this method being generally applicable to problems with significant self-similarity or in which the prediction task is challenging and where stability of a learned model's impact on the target dynamical system is imp

    Otness, Karl, Zanna, Laure, Bruna, Joan

  10. arXiv2305.03287

    Low-Resource Multi-Granularity Academic Function Recognition Based on Multiple Prompt Knowledge

    Fine-tuning pre-trained language models (PLMs), e.g., SciBERT, generally requires large numbers of annotated data to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a range of NLP tasks in the scientific domain. However, obtaining the fine-tune data for scientific NLP task is still challenging and expensive. Inspired by recent advancement in prompt learning, in this paper, we propose the Mix Prompt Tuning (MPT), which is a s

    Liu, Jiawei, Xiong, Zi, Jiang, Yi, Ma, Yongqiang et al.

  11. arXiv2305.07328

    Enhance Multi-Scale Spatial-Temporal Coherence for Configurable Video Anomaly Detection

    The development of unsupervised Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) relies on technologies in the field of signal processing. Since the anomaly is quite ambiguous and unbounded, different detection demands may often be raised even in one scenario. Thus, we propose to design the configurable VAD with flexible solutions targeting to solve the issue that previous methods have to train their models from scratch and waste resou

    Cheng, Kai, Li, Xinzhe, Che, Lijuan

  12. arXiv2306.05499

    Prompt Injection attack against LLM-integrated Applications

    Large Language Models (LLMs), renowned for their superior proficiency in language comprehension and generation, stimulate a vibrant ecosystem of applications around them. However, their extensive assimilation into various services introduces significant security risks. This study deconstructs the complexities and implications of prompt injection attacks on actual LLM-integrated applications. Initially, we conduct an

    Liu, Yi, Deng, Gelei, Li, Yuekang, Wang, Kailong et al.

  13. arXiv2308.03427

    TPTU: Large Language Model-based AI Agents for Task Planning and Tool Usage

    With recent advancements in natural language processing, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for various real-world applications. Despite their prowess, the intrinsic generative abilities of LLMs may prove insufficient for handling complex tasks which necessitate a combination of task planning and the usage of external tools. In this paper, we first propose a structured framework tailored for

    Ruan, Jingqing, Chen, Yihong, Zhang, Bin, Xu, Zhiwei et al.

  14. arXiv2310.20062

    Scalable and Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Data Generation on Decentralised Web

    Data on the Web has fueled much of the recent progress in AI. As more high-quality data becomes difficult to access, synthetic data is emerging as a promising solution for privacy-friendly data release and complementing real datasets in developing robust and safe AI. But there is limited work on decentralised, scalable and contributor-centric synthetic data generation systems. A recent proposal, called Libertas, allo

    Ramesh, Vishal, Zhao, Rui, Goel, Naman

  15. arXiv2311.05050

    Sequential learning on a Tensor Network Born machine with Trainable Token Embedding

    Generative models aim to learn the probability distributions underlying data, enabling the generation of new, realistic samples. Quantum inspired generative models, such as Born machines based on the matrix product state framework, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in unsupervised learning tasks. This study advances the Born machine paradigm by introducing trainable token embeddings through positive operator

    Hou, Wanda, Li, Miao, You, Yi-Zhuang

  16. arXiv2311.15759

    Vision Enhancing LLMs: Empowering Multimodal Knowledge Storage and Sharing in LLMs

    Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant multimodal generation capabilities, akin to GPT-4. These models predominantly map visual information into language representation space, leveraging the vast knowledge and powerful text generation abilities of LLMs to produce multimodal instruction-following responses. We could term this method as LLMs for Vision because of its e

    Li, Yunxin, Liu, Zhenyu, Hu, Baotian, Wang, Wei et al.

  17. arXiv2312.12641

    Robust Point Matching with Distance Profiles

    Computational difficulty of quadratic matching and the Gromov-Wasserstein distance has led to various approximation and relaxation schemes. One of such methods, relying on the notion of distance profiles, has been widely used in practice, but its theoretical understanding is limited. By delving into the statistical complexity of the previously proposed method based on distance profiles, we show that it suffers from t

    Hur, YoonHaeng, Khoo, Yuehaw

  18. arXiv2312.14925

    A Survey of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback

    Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a variant of reinforcement learning (RL) that learns from human feedback instead of relying on an engineered reward function. Building on prior work on the related setting of preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL), it stands at the intersection of artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction. This positioning provides a promising approach to enhan

    Kaufmann, Timo, Weng, Paul, Bengs, Viktor, Hüllermeier, Eyke

  19. arXiv2312.17479

    Culturally-Attuned Moral Machines: Implicit Learning of Human Value Systems by AI through Inverse Reinforcement Learning

    Constructing a universal moral code for artificial intelligence (AI) is difficult or even impossible, given that different human cultures have different definitions of morality and different societal norms. We therefore argue that the value system of an AI should be culturally attuned: just as a child raised in a particular culture learns the specific values and norms of that culture, we propose that an AI agent oper

    Oliveira, Nigini, Li, Jasmine, Khalvati, Koosha, Barragan, Rodolfo Cortes et al.

  20. arXiv2401.10731

    Removal then Selection: A Coarse-to-Fine Fusion Perspective for RGB-Infrared Object Detection

    In recent years, object detection utilizing both visible (RGB) and thermal infrared (IR) imagery has garnered extensive attention and has been widely implemented across a diverse array of fields. By leveraging the complementary properties between RGB and IR images, the object detection task can achieve reliable and robust object localization across a variety of lighting conditions, from daytime to nighttime environme

    Zhao, Tianyi, Yuan, Maoxun, Jiang, Feng, Wang, Nan et al.

  21. arXiv2401.12004

    NLCG-Net: A Model-Based Zero-Shot Learning Framework for Undersampled Quantitative MRI Reconstruction

    Typical quantitative MRI (qMRI) methods estimate parameter maps in a two-step pipeline that first reconstructs images from undersampled k-space data and then performs model fitting, which is prone to biases and error propagation. We propose NLCG-Net, a model-based nonlinear conjugate gradient (NLCG) framework for joint T2/T1 estimation that incorporates a U-Net regularizer trained in a scan-specific, zero-shot fashio

    Jiang, Xinrui, Jun, Yohan, Cho, Jaejin, Gao, Mengze et al.

  22. arXiv2402.00019

    Diffusion MRI with Machine Learning

    \hspace{2mm} Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) of the brain offers unique capabilities including noninvasive probing of tissue microstructure and structural connectivity. It is widely used for clinical assessment of disease and injury, and for neuroscience research. Analyzing the dMRI data to extract useful information for medical and scientific purposes can be challenging. The dMRI measurements ma

    Karimi, Davood, Warfield, Simon K.

  23. arXiv2402.05948

    DE$^3$-BERT: Distance-Enhanced Early Exiting for BERT based on Prototypical Networks

    Early exiting has demonstrated its effectiveness in accelerating the inference of pre-trained language models like BERT by dynamically adjusting the number of layers executed. However, most existing early exiting methods only consider local information from an individual test sample to determine their exiting indicators, failing to leverage the global information offered by sample population. This leads to suboptimal

    He, Jianing, Zhang, Qi, Ding, Weiping, Miao, Duoqian et al.

  24. arXiv2402.11510

    Underestimation of lung regions on chest X-ray segmentation masks assessed by comparison with total lung volume evaluated on computed tomography

    Lung mask creation lacks well-defined criteria and standardized guidelines, leading to a high degree of subjectivity between annotators. In this study, we assess the underestimation of lung regions on chest X-ray segmentation masks created according to the current state-of-the-art method, by comparison with total lung volume evaluated on computed tomography (CT). We show, that lung X-ray masks created by following th

    Bombiński, Przemysław, Szatkowski, Patryk, Sobieski, Bartłomiej, Kwieciński, Tymoteusz et al.

  25. arXiv2403.00336

    Never-Ending Behavior-Cloning Agent for Robotic Manipulation

    Relying on multi-modal observations, embodied robots (e.g., humanoid robots) could perform multiple robotic manipulation tasks in unstructured real-world environments. However, most language-conditioned behavior-cloning agents in robots still face existing long-standing challenges, i.e., 3D scene representation and human-level task learning, when adapting into a series of new tasks in practical scenarios. We here inv

    Liang, Wenqi, Sun, Gan, He, Yao, Ren, Yu et al.

On this calendar day 18

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2013year

    Supporters of Congolese religious leader Paul-Joseph Mukungubila carried out a series of attacks on television studios, the airport and a military base in Kinshasa.

  2. 2009year

    Due to a rupture of the Lanzhou–Zhengzhou–Changsha pipeline in Shaanxi, China, caused approximately 150,000 l (40,000 US gal) of diesel oil flowed down the Wei River before finally reaching the Yellow River six days later.

  3. 2009year

    Pro-government counter-demonstrators held rallies (pictured) in several Iranian cities in response to recent anti-government protests on the holy day of Ashura.

  4. 2006year

    The Indonesian ferry MV Senopati Nusantara sank in the Java Sea during a storm, killing at least 400 people.

  5. 2006year

    Basque nationalist group ETA detonated a van bomb at Madrid–Barajas Airport in Spain, ending a nine-month ceasefire.

  6. 2006year

    Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq, was executed after being found guilty of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi High Tribunal.

  7. 2005year

    Tropical Storm Zeta (pictured) became a tropical depression, making it the record-breaking 28th tropical cyclone of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, the most active in recorded history until 2020.

  8. 2000year

    A series of bombings occurred around Metro Manila in the Philippines, killing 22 people and injuring around 100 others.

  9. 1958year

    The Guatemalan Air Force fired on Mexican fishing boats that had strayed into Guatemalan territory, triggering an eight-month conflict.

  10. 1954year

    The Finnish National Bureau of Investigation was established to consolidate criminal investigation and intelligence into a single agency.

  11. 1940year

    The Arroyo Seco Parkway, one of the first freeways built in the U.S., connecting downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena, California, was officially dedicated.

  12. 1935year

    Second Italo-Ethiopian War: In retaliation for the execution of an Italian prisoner of war, the Italian Air Force destroyed a field hospital of the Swedish Red Cross in Dolo.

  13. 1906year

    The All-India Muslim League, a political party in British India that developed into the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state on the Indian subcontinent, was founded in Dhaka.

  14. 1903year

    In one of the deadliest single-building fires in United States history, the Iroquois Theatre fire in Chicago killed more than 600 people.

  15. 1902year

    The Discovery Expedition under Robert Falcon Scott attained a new Farthest South point in Antarctica.

  16. 1845year

    The University of Galway, University College Cork and Queen's University Belfast were established as part of the Queen's University of Ireland.

  17. 1813year

    War of 1812: British forces captured Buffalo, New York, and burned down nearly all its buildings.

  18. 1702year

    Queen Anne's War: James Moore, the British colonial governor of Carolina, abandoned a siege against St. Augustine in Spanish Florida and retreated to Charles Town in disgrace.