28081999.me

Record 28082026 · captured 2026-08-29

Friday, 28 August 2026

The world looked up Tim Curry. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-08-27 Friday, 28 August 2026

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 1,571,639views

    Tim Curry

    Timothy James Curry was an English actor and singer. In a career that spanned nearly 60 years, he was noted for his performances across theatre, cinema, television, and animation.

  2. 1,269,538views

    Dolly Parton

    Dolly Rebecca Parton Dean was an American singer-songwriter, actress and businesswoman. Dubbed the "Queen of Country", Parton was one of the most successful country music performers in history. She was also known for her cultural influence and philanthropy via

  3. 872,730views

    Peter Cullen

    Peter Claver Cullen was a Canadian voice actor. He voiced Optimus Prime in the original 1980s Transformers animated series, later returning to the role in Transformers media in 2007, starting with the first live-action film. He also voiced many other character

  4. 840,222views

    Toxic (2026 film)

    Toxic: A Fairy Tale for Grown-Ups is a 2026 Indian gangster film directed by Geetu Mohandas and jointly produced by Venkat K. Narayana and Yash through KVN Productions and Monster Mind Creations LLP respectively. It stars Yash in the lead role alongside Kiara

  5. 272,461views

    Lake Ontario

    Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the U.S. state of New York. The Canada–United States border spans the centre of the

  6. 232,885views

    Yayoi Kusama

    Yayoi Kusama was a Japanese contemporary artist who worked primarily in sculpture and installation. She was also active in painting, performance, video art, fashion, poetry, fiction, and other arts. Her work was based in conceptual art and shows some attribute

  7. 214,895views

    2026 Nepal floods

    On the morning of 26 August 2026, a series of flash floods and mudslides along a 72 km (45 mi) stretch of the Trishuli River struck dozens of settlements in Nepal's Rasuwa, Nuwakot, Dhading, Gorkha, Tanahun, Nawalparasi, and Chitwan districts. It completely de

  8. 203,204views

    Killing of the Clancy children

    On January 24, 2023, Lindsay Clancy strangled her three children, five-year-old Cora, three-year-old Dawson, and eight-month-old Callan, at their home in Duxbury, Massachusetts, United States. She then attempted suicide by cutting her wrists and neck and jumpi

  9. 196,470views

    Deaths in 2026

    The following notable deaths occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality, what subject was

  10. 186,777views

    Ratko Mladić

    Ratko Mladić was a Bosnian Serb military officer who led the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) during the Yugoslav Wars. Referred to as the "Butcher of Bosnia", he was found guilty in 2017 of committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide by the Int

  11. 173,435views

    The Rocky Horror Picture Show

    The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical comedy film produced by Lou Adler and Michael White, directed by Jim Sharman, and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The film is based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show, with music, book, a

  12. 147,330views

    2026–27 UEFA Champions League

    The 2026–27 UEFA Champions League is the 72nd season of Europe's premier football tournament organised by UEFA and the 35th season since it was rebranded from the European Cup to the UEFA Champions League.

  13. 142,687views

    Samuel Monroe Jr.

    Samuel Monroe Jr. was an American actor and rapper under the name Caffeine.

  14. 141,462views

    List of Tim Curry performances

    Timothy James Curry (1946–2026) was an English actor and singer based in the United States who had several roles in video games, films, television shows, and audiobooks.

  15. 134,172views

    Hayden Panettiere

    Hayden Lesley Panettiere was an American actress and singer. She first appeared on-screen in a commercial in 1990 when she was 11 months old, and by age five, she had appeared in more than 50 commercials. Her first major television roles were as Sarah Roberts

  16. 120,511views

    Geetu Mohandas

    Gayatri Das, better known by her stage name Geetu Mohandas, is an Indian actress and director known for her works in Malayalam cinema. In 2013, she directed the socio political film Liar's Dice which has received two National Film Awards, was premiered at Sund

  17. 118,095views

    Nepal

    Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north, and Ind

  18. 108,750views

    Spider-Man: Brand New Day

    Spider-Man: Brand New Day is a 2026 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. Produced by Columbia Pictures, Marvel Studios, and Pascal Pictures, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing, it is the 38th film in the Marvel Cinem

  19. 102,581views

    Assassination of Lord Mountbatten

    Lord Mountbatten, a retired British statesman and cousin to Queen Elizabeth II, was assassinated on 27 August 1979 off the coast of Mullaghmore, Ireland. Thomas McMahon, an Irish republican and a volunteer for the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), plant

  20. 98,885views

    Kuku Kohli

    Avtar "Kuku" Kohli was an Indian film director, producer screenwriter and editor. He gave Ajay Devgan his first break in the 1991 film Phool Aur Kaante.

  21. 95,127views

    Jaye P. Morgan

    Mary Margaret Morgan, known professionally as Jaye P. Morgan, was an American singer, actress and game show panelist.

  22. 92,460views

    Stella Parton

    Stella Mae Parton is an American country singer and songwriter widely known for a series of country singles that charted during the mid-to-late-1970s, her biggest hit being "I Want to Hold You in My Dreams Tonight" in 1975. She is the younger sister of the lat

  23. 85,737views

    Jed York

    John Edward "Jed" York is an American businessman who is the principal owner and chief executive officer of the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League, as well as co-owner of Premier League club Leeds United and Scottish Premiership club Rangers.

  24. 84,583views

    The Odyssey (2026 film)

    The Odyssey is a 2026 epic action fantasy film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, who produced it with his wife Emma Thomas. An adaptation of Homer's ancient Greek epic poem the Odyssey, it stars an ensemble cast including Matt Damon, Tom Holland, Anne

  25. 83,706views

    2026–27 UEFA Conference League

    The 2026–27 UEFA Conference League is the sixth season of the UEFA Conference League, Europe's tertiary club football tournament organised by UEFA.

  26. 82,994views

    2026–27 UEFA Europa League

    The 2026–27 UEFA Europa League is the 56th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 18th season since it was renamed from the UEFA Cup to the UEFA Europa League.

  27. 78,642views

    Harald V

    Harald V was King of Norway from 17 January 1991 until his death in 2026.

  28. 76,810views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as Neetsvil

  29. 75,173views

    Rachel Parton George

    Rachel Ann Parton George is an American singer and actress and the youngest sibling of entertainer Dolly Parton.

  30. 73,391views

    Kenny Rogers

    Kenneth Donald Ray Rogers was an American country music singer-songwriter. Rogers was particularly popular with country audiences, but also charted more than 120 hit singles across various genres, topping the country and pop album charts for more than 200 indi

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 825points

    GUIs should be fully keyboard-driven

    417 comments

  2. 708points

    GLM-5.3 is now open-weight

    235 comments

  3. 686points

    Get your Windows license refund

    289 comments

  4. 676points

    Htmx 4.0

    167 comments

  5. 659points

    “It works better in the app”

    447 comments

  6. 615points

    U.S. sanctions against the A/I Collective

    599 comments

  7. 576points

    Judge rules Trump administration’s blacklisting of Anthropic was illegal

    415 comments

  8. 513points

    Inception-style curved map for turn-by-turn directions

    175 comments

  9. 490points

    Luanti removed from Google Play due to baseless AI copyright notice

    148 comments

  10. 332points

    Just the rumour of a bug is enough to find an exploit these days

    113 comments

  11. 324points

    Pentagon's blacklisting of Anthropic was unlawful, US judge rules

    3 comments

  12. 281points

    Boot a Virtual iPhone via Apple's Virtualization.framework

    78 comments

  13. 258points

    Sovereign Tech Agency invests €500k in Flatpak

    136 comments

  14. 257points

    Hilariously fast volume computation with the divergence theorem (2018)

    66 comments

  15. 245points

    EPA says power for data centers can sidestep pollution laws

    252 comments

  16. 212points

    Please stop flooding our projects with AI slop to furnish your CV

    141 comments

  17. 197points

    Migrating to HTTPX2

    88 comments

  18. 194points

    Chicken products recalled in five states due to “false marks of inspection”

    161 comments

  19. 190points

    Stripe said to abandon $50B pursuit of PayPal

    260 comments

  20. 182points

    Stopping the smart TV from being used against you

    141 comments

  21. 178points

    I used AWS cognito for a startup. I wouldn't do it again

    128 comments

  22. 167points

    State of the Map 2026

    54 comments

  23. 164points

    I accidentally turned LLM memory into program analysis

    35 comments

  24. 158points

    EasyEffects can improve laptop speaker sound quality

    65 comments

  25. 141points

    Smaller reactors bring nuclear power closer to fulfilling its promise

    202 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2106.03734

    Reveal of Vision Transformers Robustness against Adversarial Attacks

    The major part of the vanilla vision transformer (ViT) is the attention block that brings the power of mimicking the global context of the input image. For better performance, ViT needs large-scale training data. To overcome this data hunger limitation, many ViT-based networks, or hybrid-ViT, have been proposed to include local context during the training. The robustness of ViTs and its variants against adversarial a

    Aldahdooh, Ahmed, Hamidouche, Wassim, Deforges, Olivier

  2. arXiv2206.02131

    Federated Adversarial Training with Transformers

    Federated learning (FL) has emerged to enable global model training over distributed clients' data while preserving its privacy. However, the global trained model is vulnerable to the evasion attacks especially, the adversarial examples (AEs), carefully crafted samples to yield false classification. Adversarial training (AT) is found to be the most promising approach against evasion attacks and it is widely studi

    Aldahdooh, Ahmed, Hamidouche, Wassim, Déforges, Olivier

  3. arXiv2309.03731

    Using representation balancing to learn conditional-average dose responses from clustered data

    Estimating a unit's responses to interventions with an associated dose, the "conditional average dose response" (CADR), is relevant in a variety of domains, from healthcare to business, economics, and beyond. Such a response typically needs to be estimated from observational data, which introduces several challenges. That is why the machine learning (ML) community has proposed several tailored CADR estima

    Bockel-Rickermann, Christopher, Vanderschueren, Toon, Berrevoets, Jeroen, Verdonck, Tim et al.

  4. arXiv2402.09900

    Recurrent Reinforcement Learning with Memoroids

    Memory models such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Transformers address Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) by mapping trajectories to latent Markov states. Neither model scales particularly well to long sequences, especially compared to an emerging class of memory models called Linear Recurrent Models. We discover that the recurrent update of these models resembles a monoid, leading us to

    Morad, Steven, Lu, Chris, Kortvelesy, Ryan, Liwicki, Stephan et al.

  5. arXiv2406.06837

    A Dynamic Likelihood Approach to Filtering for Advection-Diffusion Dynamics

    A Bayesian data assimilation scheme is formulated for advection-dominated advective and diffusive evolutionary problems, based upon the Dynamic Likelihood (DLF) approach to filtering. The DLF was developed specifically for hyperbolic problems -waves-, and in this paper, it is extended via a split step formulation, to handle advection-diffusion problems. In the dynamic likelihood approach, observations and their stati

    Krotz, Johannes, Restrepo, Juan M., Ramirez, Jorge

  6. arXiv2406.08206

    Sources of Gain: Decomposing Performance in Conditional Average Dose Response Estimation

    Estimating conditional average dose responses (CADR) is an important but challenging problem. Estimators must correctly model the potentially complex relationships between covariates, interventions, doses, and outcomes. In recent years, the machine learning community has shown great interest in developing tailored CADR estimators that target specific challenges. Their performance is typically evaluated against other

    Bockel-Rickermann, Christopher, Vanderschueren, Toon, Verdonck, Tim, Verbeke, Wouter

  7. arXiv2406.14429

    CollaFuse: Collaborative Diffusion Models

    In the landscape of generative artificial intelligence, diffusion-based models have emerged as a promising method for generating synthetic images. However, the application of diffusion models poses numerous challenges, particularly concerning data availability, computational requirements, and privacy. Traditional approaches to address these shortcomings, like federated learning, often impose significant computational

    Allmendinger, Simeon, Zipperling, Domenique, Struppek, Lukas, Kühl, Niklas

  8. arXiv2411.15129

    The BS-meter: Detecting Politics and Labour through ChatGPT's Language

    What can we learn about language from studying how it is used by ChatGPT and other large language model (LLM)-based chatbots? In this paper, we analyse the distinctive character of language generated by ChatGPT, in relation to questions raised by natural language processing pioneer, and student of Wittgenstein, Margaret Masterman. Following frequent complaints that LLM-based chatbots produce "bullshit," in th

    Trevisan, Alessandro, Giddens, Harry, Dillon, Sarah, Blackwell, Alan F.

  9. arXiv2411.15361

    Designing Cellular Manufacturing Systems in the Presence of Alternative Process Plans

    In the design of cellular manufacturing systems (CMS), numerous technological and managerial decisions must be made at both the design and operational stages. The first step in designing a CMS involves grouping parts and machines. In this paper, four integer programming formulations are presented for grouping parts and machines in a CMS at both the design and operational levels for a generalised grouping problem, whe

    Uddin, Md. Kutub, Islam, Md. Saiful, Jahin, Md Abrar, Irfan, Md. Tanjid Hossen et al.

  10. arXiv2412.08893

    Optimal Control with Natural Images: Efficient Reinforcement Learning using Overcomplete Sparse Codes

    Optimal control and sequential decision making are widely used in many complex tasks. Optimal control over a sequence of natural images is a first step towards understanding the role of vision in control. Here, we formalize this problem as a reinforcement learning task, and derive general conditions under which an image includes enough information to implement an optimal policy. Reinforcement learning is shown to pro

    Loxley, Peter N.

  11. arXiv2502.06658

    Guided Data Generation for Understanding Model Behavior

    We propose a method for generating distributions over the input space as an inspection tool for understanding trained models. Our framework poses questions of the form ``which inputs would make a trained model exhibit a specified behavior?'' and encodes each question through a guidance function. The generated data provide insights into how the models behave. To showcase our framework, we pose queries such as

    Kıral, Eren Mehmet, Aydın, Nurşen, Birbil, Ş. İlker

  12. arXiv2503.01450

    Investigating Memory in Model-Free RL with POPGym Arcade

    How should we analyze memory in deep RL? We introduce tools for analyzing policies under partial observability and revealing how agents use memory to make decisions. To utilize these tools, we present POPGym Arcade, a collection of Atari-inspired, hardware-accelerated environments sharing a single observation and action space. Each environment provides fully and partially observable variants, enabling counterfactual

    Wang, Zekang, He, Zhe, Zhang, Borong, Toledo, Edan et al.

  13. arXiv2503.18856

    MODIS: Multi-Omics Data Integration for Small and unpaired datasets

    An important objective in computational biology is the efficient integration of multi-omics data. The task of integration comes with challenges: multi-omics data are most often unpaired (requiring diagonal integration), partially labeled with information about biological conditions, and in some situations such as rare diseases, only very small datasets are available. We present MODIS, a semi supervised framework desi

    Lepe-Soltero, Daniel, Artières, Thierry, Baudot, Anaïs, Villoutreix, Paul

  14. arXiv2504.05216

    Unleashing the Power of LLMs in Dense Retrieval with Query Likelihood Modeling

    Dense retrieval is a crucial task in Information Retrieval (IR), serving as the basis for downstream tasks such as re-ranking and augmenting generation. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive semantic understanding capabilities, making them attractive to researchers focusing on dense retrieval. While LLMs, as decoder-style generative models, excel in language generation, they often fall s

    Zhang, Hengran, Bi, Keping, Guo, Jiafeng, Sun, Xiaojie et al.

  15. arXiv2504.07835

    pychop: Emulating Low-Precision Arithmetic in Numerical Methods and Neural Networks

    Motivated by the growing demand for reduced-precision arithmetic in computational science, we exploit lower-precision emulation in Python{--}widely regarded as the dominant programming language for numerical analysis and machine learning. Low-precision paradigms have revolutionized deep learning by enabling more efficient computation and reduced memory footprint while maintaining model fidelity. To better enable nume

    Carson, Erin, Chen, Xinye

  16. arXiv2504.09409

    Bregman Linearized Augmented Lagrangian Method for Nonconvex Constrained Stochastic Zeroth-order Optimization

    In this paper, we study nonconvex constrained stochastic zeroth-order optimization problems, for which we have access to exact information of constraints and noisy function values of the objective. We propose a Bregman linearized augmented Lagrangian method that utilizes stochastic zeroth-order gradient estimators combined with a variance reduction technique. We analyze its oracle complexity, in terms of the total nu

    Shi, Qiankun, Yuan, Han, Wang, Xiao, Wang, Hao

  17. arXiv2504.12588

    Plain Transformers Can be Powerful Graph Learners

    Transformers have attained outstanding performance across various modalities, owing to their simple but powerful scaled-dot-product (SDP) attention mechanisms. Researchers have attempted to migrate Transformers to graph learning, but most advanced Graph Transformers (GTs) have strayed far from plain Transformers, exhibiting major architectural differences either by integrating message-passing or incorporating sophist

    Ma, Liheng, Pal, Soumyasundar, Zhang, Yingxue, Torr, Philip H. S. et al.

  18. arXiv2505.08143

    Communication styles and reader preferences of LLM- and human-authored COVID-19 information explanations: a case study

    With the wide adoption of large language models (LLMs) in information assistance, it is essential to examine their alignment with human communication styles and values. We situate this study within health fact-checking, where effective communication is critical for correcting misconceptions and building trust. Although recent studies have explored LLMs for fact-checking and health communication, differences between L

    Zhou, Jiawei, Venkatachalam, Kritika, Choi, Minje, Saha, Koustuv et al.

  19. arXiv2505.11326

    Temporally-Grounded Language Generation: Towards Real-Time Vision-Language Models

    Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable progress in offline tasks such as image captioning and video question answering. However, real-time interactive environments impose new demands on VLMs, requiring them to generate utterances that are not only semantically accurate but also temporally precise. We identify two core capabilities necessary for such settings---\textit{perceptual updating} and \textit{con

    Yu, Keunwoo Peter, Chai, Joyce

  20. arXiv2505.13219

    PiT: Progressive Diffusion Transformer

    Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) achieve remarkable performance within image generation via the transformer architecture. Conventionally, DiTs are constructed by stacking serial isotropic global modeling transformers, which face significant quadratic computational cost. However, through empirical analysis, we find that DiTs do not rely as heavily on global information as previously believed. In fact, most layers exhibit

    Wu, Jiafu, Wang, Yabiao, Li, Jian, Peng, Jinlong et al.

  21. arXiv2505.14104

    Legal Rule Induction: Towards Generalizable Principle Discovery from Analogous Judicial Precedents

    Legal rules encompass not only codified statutes but also implicit adjudicatory principles derived from precedents that contain discretionary norms, social morality, and policy. While computational legal research has advanced in applying established rules to cases, inducing legal rules from judicial decisions remains understudied across jurisdictions. The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers unprecedented po

    Fan, Wei, Zheng, Tianshi, Hu, Yiran, Deng, Zheye et al.

  22. arXiv2505.15740

    HybridProver: Augmenting Theorem Proving with LLM-Driven Proof Synthesis and Refinement

    Formal methods play a crucial role in ensuring the reliability of critical systems through rigorous mathematical verification. However, their adoption remains limited due to the labor-intensive nature of manual proof construction. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have opened new opportunities for automated theorem proving. Two main paradigms have emerged: stepwise tactic-based generation and whole-proo

    Hu, Jilin, Zhang, Jianyu, Zhao, Yongwang, Ringer, Talia

  23. arXiv2505.20781

    STITCH-OPE: Trajectory Stitching with Guided Diffusion for Off-Policy Evaluation

    Off-policy evaluation (OPE) estimates the performance of a target policy using offline data collected from a behavior policy, and is crucial in domains such as robotics or healthcare where direct interaction with the environment is costly or unsafe. Existing OPE methods are ineffective for high-dimensional, long-horizon problems, due to exponential blow-ups in variance from importance weighting or compounding errors

    Goli, Hossein, Gimelfarb, Michael, de Lara, Nathan Samuel, Nishimura, Haruki et al.

  24. arXiv2505.22084

    MObyGaze: a film dataset of multimodal objectification densely annotated by experts

    Characterizing and quantifying gender representation disparities in audiovisual storytelling contents is necessary to grasp how stereotypes may perpetuate on screen. In this article, we consider the high-level construct of objectification and introduce a new AI task to the ML community: characterize and quantify complex multimodal (visual, speech, audio) temporal patterns producing objectification in films. Building

    Ancarani, Elisa, Tores, Julie, Sassatelli, Lucile, Wu, Hui-Yin et al.

  25. arXiv2505.22203

    From Accuracy to Robustness: A Study of Rule- and Model-based Verifiers in Mathematical Reasoning

    Trustworthy verifiers are essential for the success of reinforcement learning with verifiable reward (RLVR), which is the core methodology behind various large reasoning models such as DeepSeek-R1. In complex domains like mathematical reasoning, rule-based verifiers have been widely adopted in previous works to train strong reasoning models. However, the reliability of these verifiers and their impact on the RL train

    Huang, Yuzhen, Zeng, Weihao, Zeng, Xingshan, Zhu, Qi et al.

Who invites agents in 14,770 probes

Origins publishing files written for machines rather than people. Measured against a frozen cohort, so a change in the number means a change in adoption.

SignalWeb head
Tranco top 1,000
n=1,000
Web tail
sampled to rank 100k
n=1,000
AI-native
model & dev platforms
n=110
Any agent-facing signal 10% (100)5.5% (55)75.45% (83)
llms.txt (apex domain) 8.1% (81)4.5% (45)59.09% (65)
llms.txt (docs subdomain) 3.1% (31)0.9% (9)43.64% (48)
.well-known/mcp.json 0.6% (6)0.2% (2)7.27% (8)
.well-known/agents.txt 0.2% (2)0.2% (2)0% (0)
ai.txt 0.1% (1)0.1% (1)0% (0)
ai-plugin.json (deprecated) 0.6% (6)0.3% (3)0.91% (1)

On this calendar day 16

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2021year

    The second phase of the Thomson-East Coast MRT line was opened for service.

  2. 1993year

    The NASA spacecraft Galileo flew by the asteroid 243 Ida and took photographs that later revealed the first known asteroid moon (both pictured).

  3. 1993year

    The NASA spacecraft Galileo flew by the asteroid 243 Ida and took photographs that later revealed the first known asteroid moon.

  4. 1987year

    Construction began on the Ryugyong Hotel (pictured) in Pyongyang, the tallest building in North Korea.

  5. 1973year

    Swedish police used gas bombs to end a seven-day hostage situation in Stockholm; the hostages had bonded with their captors during the incident, leading to the term Stockholm syndrome.

  6. 1963year

    American civil-rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. delivered the speech "I Have a Dream" during the March on Washington, calling for civil and economic rights and an end to racism in the United States.

  7. 1955year

    African-American teenager Emmett Till was lynched near Money, Mississippi, for allegedly flirting with a white woman, energizing the nascent American civil rights movement.

  8. 1950year

    American tennis player Althea Gibson became the first African-American woman to compete at the U.S. National Championships.

  9. 1916year

    A confrontation at Blargies prison camp in France led to a charge of mutiny for New Zealand private John Braithwaite, for which he was later executed.

  10. 1909year

    The 1909 Monterrey hurricane dissipated; one of the deadliest Atlantic tropical cyclones on record, it killed an estimated 4,000 people throughout Mexico.

  11. 1830year

    Tom Thumb (replica pictured), the first American-built steam locomotive, took part in an impromptu race against a horse-drawn car in Maryland.

  12. 1789year

    With the first use of his 1.2-metre (3.9 ft) telescope, then the largest in the world, William Herschel discovered a new moon of Saturn, later named Enceladus (pictured).

  13. 1640year

    Bishops' Wars: Scottish Covenanter forces led by Alexander Leslie defeated the English army near Newburn, England.

  14. 1619year

    Ferdinand II, King of Bohemia and Hungary, was unanimously elected Holy Roman Emperor.

  15. 1542year

    Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts: During the Battle of Wofla, the Portuguese commander Cristóvão da Gama was captured by the Adal Sultanate and executed the next day.

  16. 475year

    Orestes took control of Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, forcing Emperor Julius Nepos to flee.