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Record 21052026 · captured 2026-08-25

Thursday, 21 May 2026

The world looked up The Boys season 5. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-05-20 Thursday, 21 May 2026 2026-05-22 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 344,553views

    The Boys season 5

    The fifth and final season of the American satirical superhero television series The Boys, the first series in the franchise based on the comic book series of the same name created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson, was developed for television by Eric Kripk

  2. 218,583views

    Thomas Massie

    Thomas Harold Massie is an American politician and engineer. A member of the Republican Party, Massie has been the United States representative for Kentucky's 4th congressional district since 2012. The district is dominated by the Kentucky side of the Cincinna

  3. 203,289views

    Cockroach Janta Party

    The Cockroach Janta Party, also known as the Cockroach movement, is an Indian youth-based satirical political movement founded on 16 May 2026 by Abhijeet Dipke, a political communications strategist and activist. The CJP harnessed widespread political and econ

  4. 202,987views

    Rod Stewart

    Sir Roderick David Stewart is a British singer and songwriter. Known for his distinctive raspy singing voice, Stewart is among the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 120 million records worldwide. His music career began in 1962 when

  5. 188,733views

    The Boys (TV series)

    The Boys is an American satirical superhero streaming television series developed by Eric Kripke for Amazon Prime Video. Based on the comic book series of the same name by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson, it follows the eponymous team of vigilantes as they co

  6. 178,112views

    Murder of Dominic Russo and Davion Flanagan

    The murder of Dominic Russo and Davion Flanagan occurred during the early morning hours of July 31, 2022, when Mackenzie Shirilla intentionally crashed her vehicle into a brick wall in Strongsville, Ohio, United States, killing two passengers: her boyfriend, D

  7. 164,026views

    Obsession (2025 film)

    Obsession is a 2025 American supernatural horror film written, directed, and edited by Curry Barker. The film follows Bear, a music store employee who buys a supernatural toy that grants his wish for his friend Nikki to fall in love with him, which makes her b

  8. 143,134views

    Giorgia Meloni

    Giorgia Meloni is an Italian politician who has served as Prime Minister of Italy since October 2022. She is the first woman to hold the office and the head of the second-longest government in the history of the Italian Republic. A member of the Chamber of Dep

  9. 140,946views

    List of The Boys episodes

    The Boys is an American satirical superhero television series developed by showrunner Eric Kripke that premiered on July 26, 2019, on the streaming service Amazon Prime Video. Kripke also serves as an executive producer, alongside Evan Goldberg, Neal H. Moritz

  10. 135,152views

    Arsenal F.C.

    The Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Islington, North London, England. They compete in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. Domestically, Arsenal have won 14 league titles, a record 14 FA Cups, 2 League Cups, 18 F

  11. 131,763views

    Deaths in 2026

    The following notable deaths occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality, what subject was

  12. 125,637views

    Unai Emery

    Unai Emery Etxegoien is a Spanish football manager and former player who is the manager of Premier League club Aston Villa. Since 2021, he has been the majority shareholder of fourth-tier Spanish club Real Unión. One of the most successful managers in the hist

  13. 113,808views

    Off Campus

    Off Campus is an American romantic drama television series created by Louisa Levy for Amazon Prime Video. It is based on the Off-Campus book series by Elle Kennedy. The series premiered on May 13, 2026 and received positive reviews. In February 2026, ahead of

  14. 109,681views

    Ed Gallrein

    Edward Gibson Gallrein III is an American farmer and former Navy SEAL officer. A member of the Republican Party, Gallrein is its nominee in the United States House of Representatives election for Kentucky's 4th congressional district in 2026.

  15. 105,352views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as Neetsvil

  16. 102,808views

    Karuppu (film)

    Karuppu (transl. Black) is a 2026 Indian Tamil-language fantasy action drama film directed by RJ Balaji from a screenplay he co-wrote with Ashwin Ravichandran, Rahul Raj, T. S. Gopi Krishnan and Karan Aravind Kumar. Produced by Dream Warrior Pictures, the film

  17. 100,506views

    Barney Frank

    Barney Frank was an American politician who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts from 1981 to 2013. A Democrat, Frank served as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee from 2007 to 2011 and was a leading co-spon

  18. 98,182views

    Michael Jackson

    Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he is widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant figures of the 20th century. His musical achievements broke American racial barrier

  19. 97,925views

    Croft and Yarpole

    Croft and Yarpole is a civil parish in the county of Herefordshire, England, and is 17 miles (27 km) north from the city and county town of Hereford. The closest large town is the market town of Leominster, 4.5 miles (7 km) to the south. Within the parish is t

  20. 95,674views

    2026 FIFA World Cup

    The 2026 FIFA World Cup was the 23rd FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's soccer championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament began on June 11, 2026, and concluded on July 19 with Spain winning

  21. 92,049views

    Raúl Castro

    Raúl Modesto Castro Ruz is a Cuban politician, general, and revolutionary who served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, the most senior position in the one-party communist state, from 2011 to 2021, and President of Cuba between 2008 and 201

  22. 85,959views

    Aston Villa F.C.

    Aston Villa Football Club is a professional football club based in Aston, Birmingham, England. Founded in 1874, it competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football, and has played at its home ground, Villa Park, since 1897. Aston Villa is one o

  23. 82,790views

    The Mandalorian and Grogu

    Star Wars: The Mandalorian and Grogu is a 2026 American science fiction film directed by Jon Favreau, who co-wrote the film with Dave Filoni and Noah Kloor. Produced by Lucasfilm and Fairview Entertainment, and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Picture

  24. 76,665views

    Mikel Arteta

    Mikel Arteta Amatriain is a Spanish professional football manager and former player who is the manager of Premier League club Arsenal.

  25. 75,797views

    Premier League

    The Premier League is a professional association football league in England and the highest level of the English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL). Seasons

  26. 75,080views

    Victor Wembanyama

    Victor Wembanyama, nicknamed "Wemby" and "the Alien", is a French professional basketball player for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected first overall by the Spurs in the 2023 NBA draft and is considered one of t

  27. 74,586views

    .xyz

    .xyz is a top-level domain name that was proposed in ICANN's new generic top-level domain (gTLD) Program for consisting of the last three letters of the Latin-script alphabet. XYZ.com and CentralNic are the registries for the domain, which was created by entre

  28. 73,453views

    Michael (2026 film)

    Michael is a 2026 biographical film directed by Antoine Fuqua and written by John Logan. It follows the early life of the American singer Michael Jackson, from his time with the Jackson 5 in the 1960s to the Bad World Tour in the late 1980s. Jackson is portray

  29. 73,147views

    2025–26 Premier League

    The 2025–26 Premier League was the 34th season of the Premier League and the 127th season of top-flight English football. The fixtures were released on 18 June 2025. The season consisted of 33 weekend and five midweek rounds of matches.

  30. 72,035views

    List of English football champions

    The English football champions are the annual winners of the top-tier competition in the English football league system. Following the codification of professional football by the Football Association in 1885, the Football League was established in 1888, after

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,266points

    Flipper One – we need your help

    482 comments

  2. 1,200points

    Project Hail Mary – Stellar Navigation Chart

    244 comments

  3. 824points

    AI is just unauthorised plagiarism at a bigger scale

    733 comments

  4. 771points

    Google's Antigravity bait and switch

    345 comments

  5. 717points

    Throwing AI-generated walls of text into conversations

    417 comments

  6. 664points

    I spent 50 hours drawing a line graph

    105 comments

  7. 632points

    We're testing new ad formats in Search and expanding our Direct Offers pilot

    574 comments

  8. 544points

    The memory shortage is causing a repricing of consumer electronics

    653 comments

  9. 492points

    Seattle Shield, an intelligence-sharing network operated by the Seattle police

    205 comments

  10. 471points

    Indexing a year of video locally on a 2021 MacBook with Gemma4-31B (50GB swap)

    142 comments

  11. 432points

    Python 3.15: features that didn't make the headlines

    220 comments

  12. 424points

    Lost Images from the 1945 Trinity Nuclear Test Restored

    121 comments

  13. 390points

    Show HN: Freenet, a peer-to-peer platform for decentralized apps

    271 comments

  14. 374points

    Blog ran on Ubuntu 16.04 for 10 years. I migrated it to FreeBSD

    232 comments

  15. 373points

    Shunning AI is the human choice

    537 comments

  16. 371points

    Vivaldi 8.0

    247 comments

  17. 369points

    Waymo pauses Atlanta service as its robotaxis keep driving into floods

    478 comments

  18. 336points

    Uv is fantastic, but its package management UX is a mess

    151 comments

  19. 333points

    News outlets are limiting the Internet Archive’s access to their journalism

    124 comments

  20. 321points

    BBEdit 16

    113 comments

  21. 269points

    Using Kagi Search with Low Vision

    90 comments

  22. 268points

    Show HN: I Dedicated 4 Years to Mastering Offline Password Cracking

    60 comments

  23. 263points

    Intuit to lay off over 3k employees to refocus on AI

    196 comments

  24. 254points

    A Bipartisan Amendment Would End Police License Plate Tracking Nationwide

    90 comments

  25. 252points

    US employers spend more than $1.5B a year to fight labor unions, report finds

    217 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv1907.11769

    Automatically Learning Construction Injury Precursors from Text

    In light of the increasing availability of digitally recorded safety reports in the construction industry, it is important to develop methods to exploit these data to improve our understanding of safety incidents and ability to learn from them. In this study, we compare several approaches to automatically learn injury precursors from raw construction accident reports. More precisely, we experiment with two state-of-t

    Baker, Henrietta, Hallowell, Matthew R., Tixier, Antoine J. -P.

  2. arXiv1908.05972

    AI-based Prediction of Independent Construction Safety Outcomes from Universal Attributes

    This paper significantly improves on, and finishes to validate, an approach proposed in previous research in which safety outcomes were predicted from attributes with machine learning. Like in the original study, we use Natural Language Processing (NLP) to extract fundamental attributes from raw incident reports and machine learning models are trained to predict safety outcomes. The outcomes predicted here are injury

    Baker, Henrietta, Hallowell, Matthew R., Tixier, Antoine J. -P.

  3. arXiv2105.09034

    Guided Facial Skin Color Correction

    This paper proposes an automatic image correction method for portrait photographs, which promotes consistency of facial skin color by suppressing skin color changes due to background colors. In portrait photographs, skin color is often distorted due to the lighting environment (e.g., light reflected from a colored background wall and over-exposure by a camera strobe), and if the photo is artificially combined with an

    Shirai, Keiichiro, Baba, Tatsuya, Ono, Shunsuke, Okuda, Masahiro et al.

  4. arXiv2205.10995

    From Width-Based Model Checking to Width-Based Automated Theorem Proving

    In the field of parameterized complexity theory, the study of graph width measures has been intimately connected with the development of width-based model checking algorithms for combinatorial properties on graphs. In this work, we introduce a general framework to convert a large class of width-based model-checking algorithms into algorithms that can be used to test the validity of graph-theoretic conjectures on clas

    Oliveira, Mateus de Oliveira, Urmian, Sam

  5. arXiv2205.13524

    PREF: Phasorial Embedding Fields for Compact Neural Representations

    We present an efficient frequency-based neural representation termed PREF: a shallow MLP augmented with a phasor volume that covers significant border spectra than previous Fourier feature mapping or Positional Encoding. At the core is our compact 3D phasor volume where frequencies distribute uniformly along a 2D plane and dilate along a 1D axis. To this end, we develop a tailored and efficient Fourier transform that

    Huang, Binbin, Yan, Xinhao, Chen, Anpei, Gao, Shenghua et al.

  6. arXiv2212.08989

    Deep learning applied to computational mechanics: A comprehensive review, state of the art, and the classics

    Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation: An award winning digital image, protein folding, fast matrix multiplication. Many recent developments in artificial neural networks, particularly deep learning (DL), applied and relevant to computational mechanics (solid, fluids, finite-element technology) are reviewed in detail. Both hybrid and pure machine learning (ML) methods are discus

    Vu-Quoc, Loc, Humer, Alexander

  7. arXiv2304.12906

    The Score-Difference Flow for Implicit Generative Modeling

    Implicit generative modeling (IGM) aims to produce samples of synthetic data matching the characteristics of a target data distribution. Recent work (e.g. score-matching networks, diffusion models) has approached the IGM problem from the perspective of pushing synthetic source data toward the target distribution via dynamical perturbations or flows in the ambient space. In this direction, we present the score differe

    Weber, Romann M.

  8. arXiv2305.09620

    AI-Augmented Surveys: Leveraging Large Language Models and Surveys for Opinion Prediction

    Nationally representative surveys track public opinion, yet they ask only a limited set of questions each year, limiting its potential to capture historical changes. To fill this gap, we develop a large language model (LLM)-based framework for predicting missing responses in repeated cross-sectional surveys by incorporating embeddings for questions, respondents, and survey periods. We introduce two new applications o

    Kim, Junsol, Lee, Byungkyu

  9. arXiv2307.11925

    Mercer Large-Scale Kernel Machines from Ridge Function Perspective

    To present Mercer large-scale kernel machines from a ridge function perspective, we recall the results by Lin and Pinkus from {\it Fundamentality of ridge functions}. We consider the main result of the recent paper by Rachimi and Recht, 2008, {\it Random features for large-scale kernel machines} from the Approximation Theory point of view. We study which kernels could be approximated by a sum of products of cosine fu

    Dziedziul, Karol, Kryzhevich, Sergey, Wieczyński, Paweł

  10. arXiv2312.01386

    On the Suboptimality of GP-UCB under Polynomial Effective Optimism

    Gaussian process upper confidence bound (GP-UCB) is widely used for sequential optimization of expensive black-box functions. Although many upper bounds on its cumulative regret have been established in the literature, whether GP-UCB is minimax optimal remains open. We study this question through the effective optimism level, defined as the product of the exploration coefficient and the regularization parameter in ke

    Wang, Wenjia, Zhang, Xiaowei

  11. arXiv2406.03506

    Fuzzy Convolution Neural Networks for Tabular Data Classification

    Recently, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their remarkable performance in various domains, particularly in image and text classification tasks. However, their application to tabular data classification remains underexplored. There are many fields such as bioinformatics, finance, medicine where nonimage data are prevalent. Adaption of CNNs to classify nonimage data re

    Kulkarni, Arun D.

  12. arXiv2406.07125

    CARACAS: vehiCular ArchitectuRe for detAiled Can Attacks Simulation

    Modern vehicles are increasingly vulnerable to attacks that exploit network infrastructures, particularly the Controller Area Network (CAN) networks. To effectively counter such threats using contemporary tools like Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) based on data analysis and classification, large datasets of CAN messages become imperative. This paper delves into the feasibility of generating synthetic datasets by h

    Kirdi, Sadek Misto, Scarano, Nicola, Oberti, Franco, Mannella, Luca et al.

  13. arXiv2406.14978

    E2GS: Event Enhanced Gaussian Splatting

    Event cameras, known for their high dynamic range, absence of motion blur, and low energy usage, have recently found a wide range of applications thanks to these attributes. In the past few years, the field of event-based 3D reconstruction saw remarkable progress, with the Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) based approach demonstrating photorealistic view synthesis results. However, the volume rendering paradigm of NeRF ne

    Deguchi, Hiroyuki, Masuda, Mana, Nakabayashi, Takuya, Saito, Hideo

  14. arXiv2407.01734

    Optical Quantum Mixed-State Reconstruction With Multiple Deep Learning Approaches

    Quantum state tomography is a crucial technique for characterizing the state of a quantum system, which is essential for many applications in quantum technologies. In recent years, there has been growing interest in leveraging neural networks to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of quantum state tomography. However, versatile methods that are broadly applicable across diverse reconstruction scenarios remain relativ

    Luu, Nhan Trong, Nguyen, Tuyen Quang, Luu, Duong Trung, Truong, Thang Cong

  15. arXiv2407.08976

    Computational-Statistical Trade-off in Kernel Two-Sample Testing with Random Fourier Features

    Recent years have seen a surge in methods for two-sample testing, among which the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) test has emerged as an effective tool for handling complex and high-dimensional data. Despite its success and widespread adoption, the primary limitation of the MMD test has been its quadratic-time complexity, which poses challenges for large-scale analysis. While various approaches have been proposed to e

    Choi, Ikjun, Kim, Ilmun

  16. arXiv2408.08812

    TRAM: Test-Time Risk Adaptation with Mixture of Agents

    Deployed reinforcement learning agents often face safety requirements that are specified only after training, such as new hazard maps, revised risk thresholds, or behavioral alignment constraints. We study zero-update deployment-time adaptation, where a fixed library of risk-neutral source policies is reused under a newly specified reward-risk tradeoff. We propose TRAM (Test-Time Risk Adaptation via Mixture of Agents

    Chehade, Mohamad Fares El Hajj, Bedi, Amrit Singh, Zhang, Amy, Zhu, Hao

  17. arXiv2409.04777

    Optimization Hyper-parameter Laws for Large Language Models

    Large Language Models have driven significant AI advancements, yet their training is resource-intensive and highly sensitive to hyper-parameter selection. While scaling laws provide valuable guidance on model size and data requirements, they fall short in choosing dynamic hyper-parameters, such as learning-rate (LR) schedules, that evolve during training. To bridge this gap, we present Optimization Hyper-parameter La

    Xie, Xingyu, Ding, Kuangyu, Yan, Shuicheng, Toh, Kim-Chuan et al.

  18. arXiv2409.08700

    Personalized Weight Loss Management through Wearable Devices and Artificial Intelligence

    Early detection of chronic and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is crucial for effective treatment during the initial stages. This study explores the application of wearable devices and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in order to predict weight loss changes in overweight and obese individuals. Using wearable data from a 1-month trial involving around 100 subjects from the AI4FoodDB database, including biomarkers, vital

    Romero-Tapiador, Sergio, Tolosana, Ruben, Morales, Aythami, Lacruz-Pleguezuelos, Blanca et al.

  19. arXiv2409.14839

    Explainable and Human-Grounded AI for Decision Support Systems: The Theory of Epistemic Quasi-Partnerships

    In the context of AI decision support systems (AI-DSS), we argue that meeting the demands of ethical and explainable AI (XAI) is about developing AI-DSS to provide human decision-makers with three types of human-grounded explanations: reasons, counterfactuals, and confidence, an approach we refer to as the RCC approach. We begin by reviewing current empirical XAI literature that investigates the relationship between

    Dorsch, John, Moll, Maximilian

  20. arXiv2409.18272

    SLIDE: A machine-learning based method for forced dynamic response estimation of multibody systems

    In computational engineering, enhancing the simulation speed and efficiency is a perpetual goal. To fully take advantage of neural network techniques and hardware, we present the SLiding-window Initially-truncated Dynamic-response Estimator (SLIDE), a deep learning-based method designed to estimate output sequences of mechanical or multibody systems with primarily, but not exclusively, forced excitation. A key advant

    Manzl, Peter, Humer, Alexander, Khadim, Qasim, Gerstmayr, Johannes

  21. arXiv2410.03296

    A Systematic Comparison between Extractive Self-Explanations and Human Rationales in Text Classification

    Instruction-tuned LLMs are able to provide \textit{an} explanation about their output to users by generating self-explanations, without requiring the application of complex interpretability techniques. In this paper, we analyse whether this ability results in a \textit{good} explanation. We evaluate self-explanations in the form of input rationales with respect to their plausibility to humans. We study three text cla

    Brandl, Stephanie, Eberle, Oliver

  22. arXiv2410.04155

    Toxic Subword Pruning for Dialogue Response Generation on Large Language Models

    How to defend large language models (LLMs) from generating toxic content is an important research area. Yet, most research focused on various model training techniques to remediate LLMs by updating their weights. A typical related research area is safety alignment. This however is often costly and tedious and can expose the model to even more problems such as catastrophic forgetting if the trainings are not carefully

    Lu, Hongyuan, Lam, Wai

  23. arXiv2410.12771

    Open Materials 2024 (OMat24) Inorganic Materials Dataset and Models

    The ability to discover new materials with desirable properties is critical for numerous applications from helping mitigate climate change to advances in next generation computing hardware. AI has the potential to accelerate materials discovery and design by more effectively exploring the chemical space compared to other computational methods or by trial-and-error. While substantial progress has been made on AI for m

    Barroso-Luque, Luis, Shuaibi, Muhammed, Fu, Xiang, Wood, Brandon M. et al.

  24. arXiv2411.01141

    Dictionary Insertion Prompting for Multilingual Reasoning on Multilingual Large Language Models

    There are two shortages in the current Large Language Models (LLMs) era. The first is short of multilingual models, where most LLMs are English-centric and performance is limited on multilingual reasoning. The second is the place of external knowledge to be used, where most retrieved knowledge is prepended to the user queries (maybe sub-optimal). This paper presents a novel and simple yet effective method called \tex

    Lu, Hongyuan, Li, Zixuan, Lam, Wai

  25. arXiv2411.09593

    SMILE-UHURA Challenge -- Small Vessel Segmentation at Mesoscopic Scale from Ultra-High Resolution 7T Magnetic Resonance Angiograms

    The human brain receives nutrients and oxygen through an intricate network of blood vessels. Pathology affecting small vessels, at the mesoscopic scale, represents a critical vulnerability within the cerebral blood supply and can lead to severe conditions, such as Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases. The advent of 7 Tesla MRI systems has enabled the acquisition of higher spatial resolution images, making it possible to vi

    Chatterjee, Soumick, Mattern, Hendrik, Dörner, Marc, Sciarra, Alessandro et al.

On this calendar day 18

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2024year

    The Greenfield tornado, estimated to have produced winds in excess of 309 miles per hour (497 km/h), moved across Iowa.

  2. 2015year

    Islamic State militants entered the ancient city of Palmyra.

  3. 2014year

    A Taiwanese man carried out a stabbing spree on a Taipei Metro train, killing four people and injuring 24 others.

  4. 2005year

    The world's tallest roller coaster, Kingda Ka, opened at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson, New Jersey, U.S.

  5. 1998year

    Indonesian president Suharto resigned after a collapse of support for his presidency amid economic and political crises, ending 32 years in power.

  6. 1991year

    Former Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated by a suicide bomber in Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu.

  7. 1946year

    While working with a mass of plutonium known as the demon core, Manhattan Project physicist Louis Slotin accidentally exposed himself to a lethal dose of hard radiation, making him the second victim of a criticality accident in history.

  8. 1927year

    Aboard the Spirit of St. Louis, American aviator Charles Lindbergh (pictured) completed the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight, flying from Roosevelt Field near New York City to Paris–Le Bourget Airport.

  9. 1925year

    The opera Doktor Faust, unfinished when composer Ferruccio Busoni (pictured) died, was premiered in Dresden.

  10. 1924year

    University of Chicago students Nathan Leopold Jr. and Richard Loeb (both pictured) murdered a 14-year-old boy in a thrill killing out of a desire to commit a "perfect crime".

  11. 1917year

    The Imperial War Graves Commission was established by royal charter to mark, record and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of British Empire military forces.

  12. 1911year

    Mexican president Porfirio Díaz and the revolutionary Francisco I. Madero signed the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez to end hostilities between each other's forces, concluding the initial phase of the Mexican Revolution.

  13. 1864year

    American Civil War: The inconclusive Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in Virginia ended with combined Union and Confederate casualties totaling around 31,000.

  14. 1856year

    A crowd of about 800 pro-slavery Americans ransacked the town of Lawrence, Kansas.

  15. 1851year

    The Congress of Colombia passed a law abolishing slavery in the country, to take effect at the beginning of the new year.

  16. 1703year

    English writer Daniel Defoe was imprisoned for seditious libel after publishing a pamphlet that was perceived to satirise the Tory publications about Dissenters.

  17. 1138year

    The Crusades: The siege of Shaizar ended, and the Emir of Shaizar became a vassal of the Byzantine Empire.

  18. 878year

    Arab–Byzantine wars: The city of Syracuse was captured by the Aghlabids (pictured) as part of the Muslim conquest of Sicily.