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Record 14112025 · captured 2026-08-25

Friday, 14 November 2025

The world looked up Google Chrome. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2025-11-13 Friday, 14 November 2025 2025-11-15 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 312,372views

    Google Chrome

    Google Chrome is a cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was launched in September 2008 for Microsoft Windows and was built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox. Versions for Linux, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and Android we

  2. 202,228views

    James A. Garfield

    James Abram Garfield was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 1881 until his death in September that year after being shot in July. A preacher, lawyer, and Civil War general, Garfield served nine terms in the United States House of Repre

  3. 191,014views

    Dharmendra

    Dharmendra was an Indian actor, producer and politician, primarily known for his work in Hindi films. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most commercially successful actors in the history of Indian cinema. Known as the "He-man", he was popular for his h

  4. 183,957views

    Jeffrey Epstein

    Jeffrey Edward Epstein was an American financier and child sex offender. He began his career as a math teacher at the Dalton School in New York City, before entering the banking and finance sector. Over several decades, he made much of his fortune providing ta

  5. 168,463views

    Cleto Escobedo III

    Cleto Valentine Escobedo III was an American musician and bandleader. He led Cleto and the Cletones, the house band for Jimmy Kimmel Live!, appearing on the show from its inception in 2003 until his death in 2025. Escobedo began his career touring with Paula A

  6. 158,377views

    Virginia Giuffre

    Virginia Lee Roberts Giuffre was an American and Australian advocate for survivors of sex trafficking and one of the most prominent accusers of Jeffrey Epstein. Giuffre provided detailed allegations to media outlets about Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell. She all

  7. 138,068views

    Lists of deaths by year

    This is a list of lists of deaths of significant people, organized by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month and then linked below.

  8. 134,472views

    Frankenstein (2025 film)

    Frankenstein is a 2025 American Gothic science fiction horror film written, co-produced, and directed by Guillermo del Toro, based on the 1818 novel by Mary Shelley. The film stars Oscar Isaac as Victor Frankenstein and Jacob Elordi as the Creature, with Mia G

  9. 131,952views

    Fuck

    Fuck is a profanity in the English language. It often refers to the act of sexual intercourse, but it is most commonly used as an intensifier or to convey disdain. While its origin is obscure, it is usually considered to be first attested to around 1475. In mo

  10. 123,378views

    Pluribus (TV series)

    Pluribus is an American post-apocalyptic science fiction television series created by Vince Gilligan for Apple TV. Set and filmed primarily in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the series follows novelist Carol Sturka, who finds herself isolated after an alien virus tr

  11. 116,752views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification

    The 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification decided the 45 teams that joined hosts Canada, Mexico, and the United States at the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

  12. 113,708views

    Jack Schlossberg

    John Bouvier Kennedy Schlossberg is an American social media personality, political commentator and writer. He is a member of the Kennedy family and the Bouvier family.

  13. 102,965views

    2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)

    The European section of the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification competition acted as qualifiers for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, that was held in Canada, Mexico and the United States, for national teams that were members of the Union of European Football Association

  14. 94,275views

    Chester A. Arthur

    Chester Alan Arthur was the 21st president of the United States, serving from 1881 to 1885. A Republican from New York, he served as the 20th vice president under President James A. Garfield in 1881, assuming the presidency after Garfield's assassination. Arth

  15. 93,854views

    November 2015 Paris attacks

    A series of coordinated Islamic terrorist attacks took place on Friday, 13 November 2015 in Paris, France, and the city's northern suburb, Saint-Denis. Beginning at 21:16, three suicide bombers struck outside the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, during an inter

  16. 93,526views

    Eddie Murphy

    Edward Regan Murphy is an American comedian, actor, and singer. He is widely recognized as one of the most influential Black artists in the entertainment industry, and one of the greatest comedians of all time. He had his breakthrough as a stand-up comic befor

  17. 90,804views

    6-7

    6-7 was an Internet meme, slang term, and gesture that became popular in 2025 on TikTok and Instagram Reels. It has no fixed meaning.

  18. 89,259views

    2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election

    Legislative Assembly elections were held in Bihar from 30 April and 7 May 2025, to elect the 243 members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. The votes were counted and the results were declared on 16 May 2025.

  19. 88,928views

    Troy Parrott

    Troy Daniel Parrott is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a striker for La Liga club Real Betis and the Republic of Ireland national team.

  20. 83,343views

    Charles J. Guiteau

    Charles Julius Guiteau was an American office seeker who assassinated the 20th President of the United States, James A. Garfield, in 1881. A failed lawyer suffering from mental illness, Guiteau delusionally believed he had played a major role in Garfield's ele

  21. 82,814views

    Company

    A company is a legal entity representing an association of legal persons with a shared objective, such as generating profit or benefiting society. Depending on the jurisdiction, companies can take on various forms, including voluntary associations, nonprofit o

  22. 78,982views

    Dispatch (video game)

    Dispatch is a 2025 episodic adventure game developed and published by the American developer AdHoc Studio. Described as a superhero workplace comedy, the game has the player take the role of Robert Robertson III, formerly the superhero Mecha Man, who has to ta

  23. 76,593views

    Zohran Mamdani

    Zohran Kwame Mamdani is an American politician who has served since 2026 as the 112th mayor of New York City. A member of the Democratic Party and the Democratic Socialists of America, he represented the 36th district in the New York State Assembly from 2021 t

  24. 75,250views

    The Running Man (2025 film)

    The Running Man is a 2025 science-fiction action film co-produced and directed by Edgar Wright, from a screenplay by Wright and Michael Bacall. It is the second adaptation of the 1982 novel by Stephen King, following the 1987 film. It stars Glen Powell as Ben

  25. 74,411views

    1xBet

    1xBet is an online gambling company founded in 2007 and licensed by Curaçao eGaming License. 1xBet is one of the largest online casinos in the world. According to Forbes, its turnover exceeded $2 billion in 2020. The company sponsors major professional footbal

  26. 72,005views

    2026 FIFA World Cup

    The 2026 FIFA World Cup was the 23rd FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's soccer championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament began on June 11, 2026, and concluded on July 19 with Spain winning

  27. 69,497views

    Predator: Badlands

    Predator: Badlands is a 2025 American science fiction action film directed by Dan Trachtenberg and written by Patrick Aison from a story by Trachtenberg and Aison. It is the seventh installment in the Predator franchise and set after the events of The Predator

  28. 69,467views

    Epstein files

    The Epstein files are a partially released collection of millions of documents, images, videos, and emails related to the activities of American financier and convicted child sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, including his social circle of public figures, politici

  29. 69,361views

    Juan Ponce Enrile

    Juan Furagganan Ponce Enrile Sr.,, also referred to by his initials JPE, was a Filipino politician and lawyer, who served as 26th President of the Senate of the Philippines from 2008 until his resignation in 2013. Enrile was one of the longest-serving Filipino

  30. 68,882views

    Ghislaine Maxwell

    Ghislaine Noelle Marion Maxwell is a British convicted child sex trafficker and former socialite. In 2021, she was convicted of child sex trafficking, and in 2022 was sentenced to 20 years in prison.

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,383points

    AI World Clocks

    384 comments

  2. 1,275points

    I think nobody wants AI in Firefox, Mozilla

    754 comments

  3. 854points

    The disguised return of EU Chat Control

    340 comments

  4. 689points

    Lawmakers want to ban VPNs

    396 comments

  5. 632points

    AGI fantasy is a blocker to actual engineering

    647 comments

  6. 585points

    Being poor vs. being broke

    684 comments

  7. 517points

    Bitchat for Gaza – messaging without internet

    292 comments

  8. 372points

    'No One Lives Forever' turns 25 and you still can't buy it legitimately

    184 comments

  9. 329points

    Show HN: Epstein Files Organized and Searchable

    56 comments

  10. 317points

    Go's Sweet 16

    268 comments

  11. 287points

    Childhood Friends, Not Moms, Shape Attachment Styles Most

    104 comments

  12. 276points

    All praise to the lunch ladies

    197 comments

  13. 269points

    SSL Configuration Generator

    80 comments

  14. 262points

    Winamp clone in Swift for macOS

    155 comments

  15. 258points

    Raccoons are showing early signs of domestication

    220 comments

  16. 244points

    HipKittens: Fast and furious AMD kernels

    91 comments

  17. 241points

    A race condition in Aurora RDS

    82 comments

  18. 233points

    Germany to ban Huawei from future 6G network

    170 comments

  19. 226points

    Oracle hit hard in Wall Street's tech sell-off over its AI bet

    191 comments

  20. 208points

    How to Get a North Korea / Antarctica VPS

    77 comments

  21. 190points

    What happened with the CIA and The Paris Review?

    116 comments

  22. 184points

    Structured outputs on the Claude Developer Platform

    77 comments

  23. 179points

    Brexit reduced UK GDP by 6-8%, investments by 12-18% [pdf]

    159 comments

  24. 178points

    Nvidia is gearing up to sell servers instead of just GPUs and components

    77 comments

  25. 175points

    Backblaze Drive Stats for Q3 2025

    22 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2511.11951

    Temporal Micro-Doppler Spectrogram-based ViT Multiclass Target Classification

    In this paper, we propose a new Temporal MDS-Vision Transformer (T-MDS-ViT) for multiclass target classification using millimeter-wave FMCW radar micro-Doppler spectrograms. Specifically, we design a transformer-based architecture that processes stacked range-velocity-angle (RVA) spatiotemporal tensors via patch embeddings and cross-axis attention mechanisms to explicitly model the sequential nature of MDS data acros

    Nghia Thinh Nguyen, Tri Nhu Do

  2. arXiv2511.11947

    AI-Open-RAN for Non-Terrestrial Networks

    In this paper, we propose the concept of AIO-RAN-NTN, a unified all-in-one Radio Access Network (RAN) for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), built on an open architecture that leverages open interfaces and artificial intelligence (AI)-based functionalities. This approach advances interoperability, flexibility, and intelligence in next-generation telecommunications. First, we provide a concise overview of the state-of-t

    Tri Nhu Do

  3. arXiv2511.11945

    Augmenting The Weather: A Hybrid Counterfactual-SMOTE Algorithm for Improving Crop Growth Prediction When Climate Changes

    In recent years, humanity has begun to experience the catastrophic effects of climate change as economic sectors (such as agriculture) struggle with unpredictable and extreme weather events. Artificial Intelligence (AI) should help us handle these climate challenges but its most promising solutions are not good at dealing with climate-disrupted data; specifically, machine learning methods that work from historical da

    Mohammed Temraz, Mark T Keane

  4. arXiv2511.11938

    Improving Neutrino Oscillation Measurements through Event Classification

    Precise neutrino energy reconstruction is essential for next-generation long-baseline oscillation experiments, yet current methods remain limited by large uncertainties in neutrino-nucleus interaction modeling. Even so, it is well established that different interaction channels produce systematically varying amounts of missing energy and therefore yield different reconstruction performance--information that standard

    Sebastian A. R. Ellis, Daniel C. Hackett, Shirley Weishi Li, Pedro A. N. Machado et al.

  5. arXiv2511.11937

    A Deep Learning Framework for Thyroid Nodule Segmentation and Malignancy Classification from Ultrasound Images

    Ultrasound-based risk stratification of thyroid nodules is a critical clinical task, but it suffers from high inter-observer variability. While many deep learning (DL) models function as "black boxes," we propose a fully automated, two-stage framework for interpretable malignancy prediction. Our method achieves interpretability by forcing the model to focus only on clinically relevant regions. First, a TransUNet mode

    Omar Abdelrazik, Mohamed Elsayed, Noorul Wahab, Nasir Rajpoot et al.

  6. arXiv2511.11924

    A Neuromorphic Architecture for Scalable Event-Based Control

    This paper introduces the ``rebound Winner-Take-All (RWTA)" motif as the basic element of a scalable neuromorphic control architecture. From the cellular level to the system level, the resulting architecture combines the reliability of discrete computation and the tunability of continuous regulation: it inherits the discrete computation capabilities of winner-take-all state machines and the continuous tuning capabili

    Yongkang Huo, Fulvio Forni, Rodolphe Sepulchre

  7. arXiv2511.11921

    Looking Forward: Challenges and Opportunities in Agentic AI Reliability

    This chapter presents perspectives for challenges and future development in building reliable AI systems, particularly, agentic AI systems. Several open research problems related to mitigating the risks of cascading failures are discussed. The chapter also sheds lights on research challenges and opportunities in aspects including dynamic environments, inconsistent task execution, unpredictable emergent behaviors, as

    Liudong Xing, Janet, Lin

  8. arXiv2511.17574

    Constructing Political Coordinates: Aggregating Over the Opposition for Diverse News Recommendation

    In the past two decades, open access to news and information has increased rapidly, empowering educated political growth within democratic societies. News recommender systems (NRSs) have shown to be useful in this process, minimizing political disengagement and information overload by providing individuals with articles on topics that matter to them. Unfortunately, NRSs often conflate underlying user interest with th

    Eamon Earl, Chen Ding, Richard Valenzano, Drai Paulen-Patterson

  9. arXiv2511.17573

    Binary BPE: A Family of Cross-Platform Tokenizers for Binary Analysis

    Sequence models for binary analysis are bottlenecked by byte-level tokenization: raw bytes waste precious context window capacity for transformers and other neural network architectures, and many existing text-oriented tokenizers fail on arbitrary 0x00--0xFF sequences. To address this issue, we introduce the Binary BPE tokenizer family, a set of cross-platform Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) tokenizers for executables train

    Michael J. Bommarito

  10. arXiv2511.11918

    Batch Matrix-form Equations and Implementation of Multilayer Perceptrons

    Multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) remain fundamental to modern deep learning, yet their algorithmic details are rarely presented in complete, explicit \emph{batch matrix-form}. Rather, most references express gradients per sample or rely on automatic differentiation. Although automatic differentiation can achieve equally high computational efficiency, the usage of batch matrix-form makes the computational structure expli

    Wieger Wesselink, Bram Grooten, Huub van de Wetering, Qiao Xiao et al.

  11. arXiv2511.11916

    An Analysis of Architectural Impact on LLM-based Abstract Visual Reasoning: A Systematic Benchmark on RAVEN-FAIR

    This study aims to systematically evaluate the performance of large language models (LLMs) in abstract visual reasoning problems. We examined four LLM models (GPT-4.1-Mini, Claude-3.5-Haiku, Gemini-1.5-Flash, Llama-3.3-70b) utilizing four different reasoning architectures (single-shot, embedding-controlled repetition, self-reflection, and multi-agent) on the RAVEN-FAIR dataset. Visual responses generated through a th

    Sinan Urgun, Seçkin Arı

  12. arXiv2511.11914

    Forgetting-MarI: LLM Unlearning via Marginal Information Regularization

    As AI models are trained on ever-expanding datasets, the ability to remove the influence of specific data from trained models has become essential for privacy protection and regulatory compliance. Unlearning addresses this challenge by selectively removing parametric knowledge from the trained models without retraining from scratch, which is critical for resource-intensive models such as Large Language Models (LLMs).

    Shizhou Xu, Yuan Ni, Stefan Broecker, Thomas Strohmer

  13. arXiv2511.11908

    PI-NAIM: Path-Integrated Neural Adaptive Imputation Model

    Medical imaging and multi-modal clinical settings often face the challange of missing modality in their diagnostic pipelines. Existing imputation methods either lack representational capacity or are computationally expensive. We propose PI-NAIM, a novel dual-path architecture that dynamically routes samples to optimized imputation approaches based on missingness complexity. Our framework integrates: (1) intelligent p

    Afifa Khaled, Ebrahim Hamid Sumiea

  14. arXiv2511.11907

    KVSwap: Disk-aware KV Cache Offloading for Long-Context On-device Inference

    Language models (LMs) underpin emerging mobile and embedded AI applications like meeting and video summarization and document analysis, which often require processing multiple long-context inputs. Running an LM locally on-device improves privacy, enables offline use, and reduces cost, but long-context inference quickly hits a \emph{memory capacity wall} as the key-value (KV) cache grows linearly with context length a

    Huawei Zhang, Chunwei Xia, Zheng Wang

  15. arXiv2511.11902

    Robust Bidirectional Associative Memory via Regularization Inspired by the Subspace Rotation Algorithm

    Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM) trained with Bidirectional Backpropagation (B-BP) often suffers from poor robustness and high sensitivity to noise and adversarial attacks. To address these issues, we propose a novel gradient-free training algorithm, the Bidirectional Subspace Rotation Algorithm (B-SRA), which significantly improves the robustness and convergence behavior of BAM. Through comprehensive experimen

    Ci Lin, Tet Yeap, Iluju Kiringa

  16. arXiv2511.11899

    End to End AI System for Surgical Gesture Sequence Recognition and Clinical Outcome Prediction

    Fine-grained analysis of intraoperative behavior and its impact on patient outcomes remain a longstanding challenge. We present Frame-to-Outcome (F2O), an end-to-end system that translates tissue dissection videos into gesture sequences and uncovers patterns associated with postoperative outcomes. Leveraging transformer-based spatial and temporal modeling and frame-wise classification, F2O robustly detects consecutiv

    Xi Li, Nicholas Matsumoto, Ujjwal Pasupulety, Atharva Deo et al.

  17. arXiv2511.11898

    Prompt Triage: Structured Optimization Enhances Vision-Language Model Performance on Medical Imaging Benchmarks

    Vision-language foundation models (VLMs) show promise for diverse imaging tasks but often underperform on medical benchmarks. Prior efforts to improve performance include model finetuning, which requires large domain-specific datasets and significant compute, or manual prompt engineering, which is hard to generalize and often inaccessible to medical institutions seeking to deploy these tools. These challenges motivat

    Arnav Singhvi, Vasiliki Bikia, Asad Aali, Akshay Chaudhari et al.

  18. arXiv2511.11896

    VULPO: Context-Aware Vulnerability Detection via On-Policy LLM Optimization

    Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential in vulnerability detection (VD). However, accurately detecting vulnerabilities in real-world repositories requires reasoning over complex contextual interactions. Existing LLM-based VD approaches remain limited because current datasets lack complete contextual information and high-quality reasoning supervision, while existing optimization methods prima

    Youpeng Li, Fuxun Yu, Weiliang Qi, Xinda Wang

  19. arXiv2511.11894

    Chain-of-Generation: Progressive Latent Diffusion for Text-Guided Molecular Design

    Text-conditioned molecular generation aims to translate natural-language descriptions into chemical structures, enabling scientists to specify functional groups, scaffolds, and physicochemical constraints without handcrafted rules. Diffusion-based models, particularly latent diffusion models (LDMs), have recently shown promise by performing stochastic search in a continuous latent space that compactly captures molecu

    Lingxiao Li, Haobo Zhang, Bin Chen, Jiayu Zhou

  20. arXiv2511.11891

    FLEX: Feature Importance from Layered Counterfactual Explanations

    Machine learning models achieve state-of-the-art performance across domains, yet their lack of interpretability limits safe deployment in high-stakes settings. Counterfactual explanations are widely used to provide actionable "what-if" recourse, but they typically remain instance-specific and do not quantify which features systematically drive outcome changes within coherent regions of the feature space or across an

    Nawid Keshtmand, Roussel Desmond Nzoyem, Jeffrey Nicholas Clark

  21. arXiv2511.11885

    Flash-Fusion: Enabling Expressive, Low-Latency Queries on IoT Sensor Streams with LLMs

    Smart cities and pervasive IoT deployments have generated interest in IoT data analysis across transportation and urban planning. At the same time, Large Language Models offer a new interface for exploring IoT data - particularly through natural language. Users today face two key challenges when working with IoT data using LLMs: (1) data collection infrastructure is expensive, producing terabytes of low-level sensor

    Kausar Patherya, Ashutosh Dhekne, Francisco Romero

  22. arXiv2511.11881

    Better LLM Reasoning via Dual-Play

    Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), yet still rely heavily on external supervision (e.g., curated labels). Adversarial learning, particularly through self-play, offers a promising alternative that enables models to iteratively learn from themselves - thus reducing reliance on external supervision. Dual-play extends adversarial l

    Zhengxin Zhang, Chengyu Huang, Aochong Oliver Li, Claire Cardie

  23. arXiv2511.11880

    Transformers vs. Recurrent Models for Estimating Forest Gross Primary Production

    Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest CO$_2$ uptake (Gross Primary Production, GPP), remains a central challenge in terrestrial ecosystem research. While Eddy Covariance (EC) towers provide high-frequency estimates, their limited spatial coverage constrains large-scale assessments. Remote sensing offers a scalable alternative, yet most approaches rely on single-sensor spectral indices and statistical model

    David Montero, Miguel D. Mahecha, Francesco Martinuzzi, César Aybar et al.

  24. arXiv2511.11857

    Three Stage Narrative Analysis; Plot-Sentiment Breakdown, Structure Learning and Concept Detection

    Story understanding and analysis have long been challenging areas within Natural Language Understanding. Automated narrative analysis requires deep computational semantic representations along with syntactic processing. Moreover, the large volume of narrative data demands automated semantic analysis and computational learning rather than manual analytical approaches. In this paper, we propose a framework that analyze

    Taimur Khan, Ramoza Ahsan, Mohib Hameed

  25. arXiv2511.11847

    A Multimodal Manufacturing Safety Chatbot: Knowledge Base Design, Benchmark Development, and Evaluation of Multiple RAG Approaches

    Ensuring worker safety remains a critical challenge in modern manufacturing environments. Industry 5.0 reorients the prevailing manufacturing paradigm toward more human-centric operations. Using a design science research methodology, we identify three essential requirements for next-generation safety training systems: high accuracy, low latency, and low cost. We introduce a multimodal chatbot powered by large languag

    Ryan Singh, Austin Hamilton, Amanda White, Michael Wise et al.

On this calendar day 15

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2010year

    Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel won the Drivers' Championship after winning the final race of the season, becoming the youngest Formula One champion.

  2. 2003year

    Astronomers Michael E. Brown, Chad Trujillo, and David L. Rabinowitz discovered the trans-Neptunian object Sedna.

  3. 1995year

    As a result of budget conflicts between President Bill Clinton and the United States Congress led by Newt Gingrich, the federal government was forced to shut down non-essential services.

  4. 1992year

    In poor conditions caused by Cyclone Forrest, Vietnam Airlines Flight 474 crashed near Nha Trang, killing 30 people.

  5. 1991year

    Croatian War of Independence: Croatian naval commandos attacked the Yugoslav patrol boat Mukos, starting the Battle of the Dalmatian Channels.

  6. 1990year

    Music producer Frank Farian admitted that the German R&B duo Milli Vanilli did not sing the vocals on their album Girl You Know It's True.

  7. 1970year

    Southern Airways Flight 932, chartered by the Marshall University football team, crashed into a hill near Ceredo, West Virginia, killing all 75 people on board.

  8. 1969year

    Apollo 12 (pictured) launched from the Kennedy Space Center, later becoming the second crewed flight to land on the Moon.

  9. 1967year

    American physicist Theodore Maiman was given a patent for his ruby laser systems, the world's first laser.

  10. 1960year

    Ruby Bridges and the McDonogh Three became the first black children to attend an all-white elementary school in Louisiana as part of the New Orleans school desegregation crisis.

  11. 1941year

    World War II: German troops, aided by local auxiliaries, murdered nine thousand residents of the Słonim Ghetto in a single day.

  12. 1941year

    Second World War: After suffering torpedo damage the previous day, the British aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal sank as she was being towed to Gibraltar for repairs.

  13. 1910year

    Aviator Eugene Burton Ely performed the first takeoff from a ship (pictured), flying from a makeshift deck on USS Birmingham in Hampton Roads, Virginia.

  14. 1851year

    Moby-Dick, an epic novel by American writer Herman Melville, was first published in the United States.

  15. 1680year

    German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovered the Great Comet of 1680, the first comet to be discovered by telescope.