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Record 13102026 · captured 2026-10-14

Tuesday, 13 October 2026

The world looked up RJ Mitte. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-10-12 Tuesday, 13 October 2026 2026-10-14 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 1,406,448views

    RJ Mitte

    Roy Frank "RJ" Mitte III was an American actor and disability rights activist. Born in Jackson, Mississippi, Mitte was diagnosed with cerebral palsy when he was three years old. He moved to Los Angeles in 2006 and worked with a personal talent manager to find

  2. 249,706views

    Selma Blair

    Selma Blair is an American actress. She is known for her roles in Cruel Intentions, Legally Blonde, The Sweetest Thing, and the Hellboy franchise.

  3. 205,134views

    Mathematics

    Mathematics is a field of knowledge concerned with abstract concepts such as numbers, geometric shapes, sets, functions, and probabilities. It uses logical reasoning and proof to study and establish their properties, often expressed as theorems, formulas, and

  4. 201,041views

    List of equations

    This is a list of equations, indicating each Wikipedia page under appropriate bands of their field.

  5. 189,885views

    Carrie (miniseries)

    Carrie is an American supernatural horror television miniseries developed by Mike Flanagan, and produced by Amazon MGM Studios for Amazon Prime Video. The first series adaptation of the eponymous franchise, it is based on the 1974 novel by Stephen King, and is

  6. 139,204views

    Deaths in 2026

    The following notable deaths occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality, what subject was

  7. 137,034views

    Below (miniseries)

    Below is a 2026 Canadian thriller miniseries created by Jesse McKeown and starring Josh Hartnett, Mackenzie Davis, and Charlie Heaton. It premiered on Netflix on October 8, 2026. The series received generally positive reviews from critics.

  8. 119,111views

    Nidal Hasan

    Nidal Malik Hasan is an American mass murderer, former United States Army major, and former physician, known for perpetrating the 2009 Fort Hood shooting, in which he killed 13 people and injured 32 others.

  9. 111,995views

    Jennifer Meyer

    Jennifer Meyer is an American jewelry designer.

  10. 109,068views

    Ilhan Omar

    Ilhan Abdullahi Omar is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Minnesota's 5th congressional district since 2019. The district includes all of Minneapolis and some of its first-ring suburbs. From 2017 to 2019, Omar served in the Minnesot

  11. 108,386views

    Jacob Misiorowski

    Jacob Walter Misiorowski, nicknamed "the Miz", is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2025 and his first MLB All-Star appearance the same year. In 2026, he set the record

  12. 105,916views

    Shane Gillis

    Shane Michael Gillis is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and podcaster. He started performing stand-up in 2012, and in 2016, along with fellow stand-up comedian Matt McCusker, began co-hosting Matt and Shane's Secret Podcast, the most subscribed-to podcas

  13. 104,792views

    Digger (2026 film)

    Digger is a 2026 American satirical black comedy film directed, co-written, and co-produced by Alejandro González Iñárritu. Tom Cruise, who also produced the film, stars as Digger Rockwell, an aging oil magnate whose drilling sets off an ecological disaster. T

  14. 102,841views

    Kimberly Guilfoyle

    Kimberly Ann Guilfoyle is an American media personality and politician who served as the United States ambassador to Greece from 2025 until her resignation in 2026. She previously served as an advisor and led the fundraising division of the Donald Trump 2020 p

  15. 101,854views

    Christa Pike

    Christa Gail Pike is an American convicted murderer on death row in Tennessee. In 1995, when she was 18, Pike and her boyfriend lured their 19-year-old classmate Colleen Slemmer into a wooded area in Knoxville where they tortured and killed her. Slemmer was be

  16. 98,140views

    East of Eden (2026 miniseries)

    East of Eden is a 2026 American historical drama television limited series created by Zoe Kazan, starring Florence Pugh. It is adapted from the 1952 novel by John Steinbeck and premiered on Netflix on October 1, 2026. It received generally positive reviews fro

  17. 89,895views

    Animals (2026 film)

    Animals is a 2026 American crime thriller film directed by Ben Affleck and written by Affleck, Connor O. McIntyre and Billy Ray. It stars Affleck, Kerry Washington, Gillian Anderson, Adriana Paz with Luis Gerardo Méndez, and Steven Yeun. The film received nega

  18. 89,533views

    Tobey Maguire

    Tobias Vincent Maguire, is an American actor and film producer. He began his career in supporting roles, before gaining international recognition and critical praise for his role as Spider-Man in Sam Raimi's 2002 film Spider-Man. Maguire reprised the role in t

  19. 89,222views

    East of Eden (novel)

    East of Eden is a 1952 family saga novel by American author and Nobel Prize winner John Steinbeck. Many regard the work as Steinbeck's most ambitious novel, and Steinbeck himself considered it his magnum opus. Steinbeck said of East of Eden, "It has everything

  20. 84,878views

    Lizzie Borden

    Lizzie Andrew Borden was an American woman who was tried and acquitted of the murders of her father and stepmother in Fall River, Massachusetts. No other individuals were charged with the murders.

  21. 82,583views

    Christopher Columbus

    Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish transatlantic voyages in the name of the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the America

  22. 82,212views

    Drishyam: The Conclusion

    Drishyam: The Conclusion is a 2026 Indian Hindi-language crime thriller film co-written, produced, and directed by Abhishek Pathak. Produced by Panorama Studios and Star Studio18, it is a sequel to Drishyam 2 (2022). Unlike its predecessors, the film features

  23. 81,614views

    Columbus Day

    Columbus Day is a national holiday in many countries of the Americas and elsewhere, and a federal holiday in the United States, intended to celebrate the anniversary of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas. He went ashore at Guanahaní, an island

  24. 79,927views

    Tyler Huntley

    Tyler Isaiah Huntley is an American professional football quarterback for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Nicknamed "Snoop", he played college football for the Utah Utes, leading them to consecutive Pac-12 South Division titles betw

  25. 77,365views

    Other Mommy

    Other Mommy is a 2026 American supernatural psychological horror film directed by Rob Savage from a screenplay by Nathan Elston, based on the 2024 novel Incidents Around the House by Josh Malerman. The film stars Jessica Chastain as a mother who must do everyt

  26. 77,311views

    Neha Bora

    Neha Bora is an Indian activist and PhD student. They are the national president of the All India Students' Association (AISA) and an active participant in India's Gen-Z movements.

  27. 75,402views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as

  28. 72,616views

    Susan Dell

    Susan Lynn Lieberman Dell is an American businesswoman, philanthropist, and the wife of Michael Dell. They married in 1989, four years after Michael Dell formed his eponymous computer company. She is the co-founder and current chair of the Michael & Susan Dell

  29. 71,575views

    Josie Totah

    Josie Totah, formerly known as J. J. Totah, is an American actress. She is known for her recurring role on the Disney Channel series Jessie and a supporting role on the 2013 ABC comedy series Back in the Game. She received praise from critics for her role in t

  30. 69,995views

    Houthis

    The Houthis, officially known as Ansar Allah or Ansarullah, are a Zaydi revivalist and Shia Islamist political and paramilitary organization that emerged from Yemen in the 1990s. It is predominantly made up of Zaydis, whose namesake leadership is drawn largely

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,292points

    Gemini 4 Argon

    900 comments

  2. 766points

    Redesigning source control at Anthropic

    763 comments

  3. 726points

    Apple HomeView

    850 comments

  4. 721points

    11 year old unsoundness bugs found in Rust borrow checker

    402 comments

  5. 709points

    Firefox Enterprise

    301 comments

  6. 577points

    OpenAI engineer arrested in bugging of executive conference room

    478 comments

  7. 450points

    CFTC Staff Were Told to Retract Analysis of Suspicious Oil Trades

    250 comments

  8. 437points

    Thunderbird for iOS

    185 comments

  9. 427points

    Show HN: Guitoro, a virtual guitar you strum with your keyboard

    110 comments

  10. 412points

    We turned EmbeddingGemma 2 into a speech-to-text model

    94 comments

  11. 373points

    Hittite royal archive found in Turkey

    89 comments

  12. 333points

    New Apple TV 4K

    618 comments

  13. 324points

    I posted to HN, and then my website was flooded with AI bot traffic

    171 comments

  14. 323points

    Character.ai has initiated voluntary Chapter 11 bankruptcy

    278 comments

  15. 308points

    The United Kingdom generates less electricity per person than in the 1970s

    464 comments

  16. 275points

    AI models can provably hide arbitrary capabilities

    138 comments

  17. 273points

    Apple's new 'Switch to Safari' campaign details why you should ditch Chrome

    474 comments

  18. 246points

    A Dynamic and Distributed Virtual GPU Cloud Built on Idle Apple Silicon Devices

    97 comments

  19. 241points

    A look at the math that OpenAI claims computes faster Fourier transforms

    159 comments

  20. 216points

    Gemini 4 Argon for Robotics

    50 comments

  21. 191points

    Grace Hopper Celebration Cancelled

    101 comments

  22. 184points

    Recreational Programming

    76 comments

  23. 176points

    Leaving Tech

    186 comments

  24. 162points

    Show HN: Use your OpenAI subscription to create audiobooks

    84 comments

  25. 160points

    Cyberattack halts construction of tunnel between Denmark and Germany

    126 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2610.18874

    ChunkAct: Action Chunking for Agentic Robotics

    Agentic robotics places a large language model (LLM) agent in the robot control loop, where it composes perception, motion, and vision-language-action (VLA) tools under the guidance of a memory and thereby generalizes to new tasks without retraining. This generality comes at a steep price in efficiency. Every primitive requires a round of LLM reasoning over the full interaction history, so the cost of an episode grow

    Bingxin Xu, Wenrui Bao, Xinxin Liu, Jiawei Zhou et al.

  2. arXiv2610.18869

    What Matters in Quality-Aware VLA Pretraining: A Benchmark and Empirical Study

    How should demonstration quality be used during vision-language-action (VLA) pretraining to improve performance after target-task fine-tuning? We compare weighting, filtering, and conditioning across reward definitions and label granularities using 5,000 naturally suboptimal human demonstrations and 24 target tasks. Within each VLA, we match demonstrations and training budgets. Additional comparisons examine pretrain

    Mingxuan Yan, Litian Gong, Dihong Huang, Zhixu Li et al.

  3. arXiv2610.18868

    Tev: Scaling Long-Horizon Agentic Environments with Dense Progress Rewards

    Long-horizon agents have drawn growing attention for their ability to work autonomously -- from hours to days -- on economically valuable tasks, a capability essential to automated discovery and recursive self-improvement (RSI). Yet open-source models still struggle on long-horizon tasks, largely for lack of both training data and a working recipe, and scaling both is hard: long, complex tasks are difficult to curate

    Wenbo Hu, Shraman Pramanick, Krishna Kumar Singh, Nanyun Peng et al.

  4. arXiv2610.18862

    DoubtLess: Training-Free Contrastive Decoding for Efficient Reasoning

    Reasoning models achieve strong performance through long chains of thought (CoT), but often spend more tokens than needed to solve a problem. Existing ways to shorten the CoT require additional training for each model, add a fixed steering vector to the model's hidden states, or use decoding heuristics such as stopping early or banning words like "wait", which can reduce accuracy. We propose DoubtLess, a training-fre

    Minghao Luo, Liang Chen

  5. arXiv2610.18860

    AesCode: Aesthetic Code Generation with Decoupled Cross-Modal Rewards

    Generating information-rich visual artifacts such as slides, posters, and dashboards as code is appealing because the outputs are structured, editable, and verifiable. Yet code models cannot see how their choices of layout and color come together on the canvas, often limiting spatial planning and aesthetic quality. Image generators excel at visual design but can misrender requested content, making their outputs unrel

    Xin Gao, Yifan Yang, Xin Li, Pan Wang et al.

  6. arXiv2610.18861

    Hybrid Reasoning Agents

    How can we build an agent that thinks beyond human language, yet still acts through it in the external environment? Modern LLM agents still reason and interact through text, while latent reasoning offers an efficient internal medium but lacks native tool access and reasoning transparency. We bridge these two directions with Hybrid Reasoning Agents (HybridAgents), which dynamically navigate between latent reasoning an

    Jiaru Zou, Yunzhe Qi, Sirui Chen, Federico Bianchi et al.

  7. arXiv2610.18853

    Two Clocks: Why Larger Rollout Batches Learn Slower but Fail on Schedule in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards

    Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) relies on costly model-generated responses, motivating larger rollout batches and square-root learning-rate scaling. Reported to approximately preserve progress per sample with one optimizer step per rollout, this rule is less understood in practical multi-step training. We develop a two-clock framework that separates the samples needed to make progress from those

    Yuante Li, Junwei Quan, Kai Qiu, Kate Zhang et al.

  8. arXiv2610.18851

    MFG: Multi-turn Feedback Guided Molecular Optimization

    Multi-objective molecular optimization is a critical process in drug discovery that aims to modify a given molecule to simultaneously improve multiple properties while maintaining a similar overall structure. This process often requires iterative modifications guided by computational or experimental feedback. Recent large language model (LLM)-based methods have begun to explore this iterative approach; however, these

    Trieu Nguyen, Frazier N. Baker, Ruoxi Gao, Daniel Adu-Ampratwum et al.

  9. arXiv2610.18843

    LIBERO-RIG: A Hardware-Setup Robustness Benchmark for Vision-Language-Action Models

    Robot policies are expected to generalize across deployment environments, including variations in the robot itself: cameras are bumped and remounted, calibrations drift, controllers run at different rates, and end-effector pads wear down. We present LIBERO-RIG, a benchmark that perturbs only the robot's hardware and setup while holding every LIBERO task fixed. The benchmark spans eleven perturbation axes, including c

    Andrea Yaoyun Cui, Hanyu Wang, Xinyi Wang, Bangzheng Li et al.

  10. arXiv2610.18842

    Who Improves the Robot? Toward Physical Recursive Self-Improvement

    Robots are increasingly autonomous in task execution, yet their improvement remains largely human-driven. This study investigates Physical Recursive Self-Improvement (Physical RSI), in which physical experience guides lasting updates to both a robot's capabilities and its improvement procedure, making subsequent improvement more effective across tasks. Physical RSI faces challenges from noisy observations, continuous

    Hai Zhou, Fan Yang, Zeyi Chen, Lejun Zhang et al.

  11. arXiv2610.18839

    Fast Rates for Offline Q-Learning with KL Regularization

    This paper investigates offline Q-learning for finite-horizon Markov decision processes with Kullback-Leibler (KL) regularization. Recent studies have shown that KL regularization can yield fast rates in offline decision-making problems. However, it remains unclear whether Q-learning, which adopts incremental stochastic approximation updates, can achieve such fast rates in the offline setting. We first propose KL-reg

    Yize Hao, Guangxin Jiang, Shuang Qiu

  12. arXiv2610.18835

    RoboSimStudio: An Interactive Toolkit for Rapid Real2Sim of Robot Manipulation Tasks

    It is difficult to accurately model the physics of the interaction between a robot and the objects it manipulates, including contact mechanics, coupled contact dynamics, deformations, stiffness and friction. We present RoboSimStudio (RSS), an interactive toolkit that makes choices of solver, contact model, and physical parameters explicit and editable, allowing both humans and coding agents to iteratively refine simu

    Kaiyuan Chen, Shuangyu Xie, Uksang Yoo, Xinyue Zhu et al.

  13. arXiv2610.18820

    Read the Room Before Your Model Generates

    Large language models (LLMs) generally rely on sampling temperature to regulate the amount of randomness in their outputs. Mainstream methods for selecting temperature typically involve fixed, heuristic global settings and context or token-level calibration, rather than a geometrically interpretable representation of the communicative scenario. In this work, we introduce a simple and interpretable temperature selecti

    Muyao Kong, Zhihao Lin

  14. arXiv2610.18818

    Back-Translation Still Matters: Leveraging Monolingual Data for Low-Resource Machine Translation with LLMs

    Pre-trained Large Language Model (LLMs) are effective on many tasks in zero-shot and few-shot settings. For machine translation of low-resource languages, the obvious options are few-shot prompting and fine-tuning on a small parallel set. We ask: what if moderate amounts of low-resource monolingual data are also available? We argue that, rather than continued pretraining, a more effective use of this data is the pre-

    Divyanshu Bathla, Parag Singla, Jitin Singla

  15. arXiv2610.18813

    Self-Evolving Agent Harness

    Harness self-evolution revises an agent's software scaffolding, including prompts, memory, workflows, and executable components, while keeping model weights fixed. We formalize a feedback-driven process in which accepted revisions persist across runs. The framework separates update targets from proposal and admission mechanisms. It distinguishes changes to interpreted state from revisions to tools and code, repositor

    Chuyang Wei, Haoxiang Guan, Minghang Zhu, Kexin Zhou et al.

  16. arXiv2610.18808

    Optimizing Team Behavior via Extremum-seeking Control in Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning

    In cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), agents must learn to coordinate their actions to achieve shared objectives. A key indicator of effective coordination is behavioral diversity, i.e., the agents' potential to enact distinct yet complementary control policies given the same set of observations. Although behavioral diversity can enable role specialization and richer joint behaviors, its appropria

    Svar Rajankumar Patel, Kshitij Jerath

  17. arXiv2610.18792

    SEAR: Self-Evolving Agentic Robotics

    Frontier language-model agents can now improve robots on their own: they write control code, test it, and keep what works as skills and memories for the next task. We introduce SEAR (Self-Evolving Agentic Robotics), a framework and benchmark built around two questions. Is the agent really learning, or just trying more often? And does what it learns still help on new tasks, in a new simulator, and on a real robot? The

    Xinyi Wang, Bangzheng Li, Hanyu Wang, Lin Zhang et al.

  18. arXiv2610.18787

    Bytes to Threats: Byte-Sequence Transformer For Malware Detection

    Existing malware detection approaches heavily rely on handcrafted features derived from static or dynamic analysis of the executable files. These methods require specialized domain expertise, dedicated analysis tools, and time-consuming analysis, which limits their scalability and robustness in the face of the increasing complexity and diversity of modern malware. Consequently, there is a growing interest in approach

    Abdelrahman Yassin Eljamal, Abdeltawab Hendawi

  19. arXiv2610.18786

    Where Do LLM Ensemble Gains Come From? Decomposing Candidate Value, Diversity, and Aggregation

    LLM ensemble gains are often measured against a single baseline, but the value attributed to additional candidates can change with the comparison used. We study an LLM aggregator under four matched conditions: Direct (no candidates), Single-slot (one candidate in a multi-slot interface), Duplicate (one candidate repeated), and Multi-candidate (separately generated candidates). Under either non-diverse control, overal

    Donghwan Kim

  20. arXiv2610.18784

    Pack Light, CarryOn: Building Object-Oriented Context for Long-Horizon Agents

    Long-horizon agents accumulate progress in persistent task state, yet repeatedly process interaction histories describing how that progress was achieved. This raises a natural question: can long-horizon context instead be organized around reusable progress rather than the history that produced it? In this paper, we introduce CarryOn, an object-oriented context runtime that organizes continuation around reusable task

    Yuchen Lu, Julian McAuley, Lei Zhang

  21. arXiv2610.18780

    BLADE: Auditing Information Use for Failure Attribution in LLM Multi-Agent Systems

    Large language model multi-agent systems extend individual agents' capabilities through collaboration across specialized roles, tools, and workflows. Yet collaboration makes failures harder to diagnose: one agent may misinterpret a correct result while others carry the mistake forward. Failure attribution therefore seeks to identify the responsible agent and decisive error step. Recent methods trace dependencies, but

    Xiaoguang Guo, Yaohao Long, Chuxu Zhang

  22. arXiv2610.18773

    Jeva: System One Models from First Principles

    System one models enable direct, low-latency decision-making. Yet recent practice of predicting an answer from serialized text does not, by itself, respect the structure of a decision problem. We argue that current designs underemphasize four important structural requirements. (i) null-aware: Models should distinguish answer absence from uncertainty among candidates; (ii) permutation-invariant: Reordering alternative

    Qi Li, Xinchao Wang

  23. arXiv2610.18760

    Beyond the Verdict: Agentic Code Judging with Verifiable Feedback

    Test-time scaling for large language models (LLMs) can involve generating multiple candidate solutions for selection or revising an earlier attempt. To guide selection and revision, we need a verifier that can estimate candidate correctness and provide evidence of failure. In competitive programming, however, official judging systems provide authoritative verdicts under finite submission budgets, without revealing fa

    Zheye Deng, Sha Li, Changlong Yu, Xin Liu et al.

  24. arXiv2610.18755

    PreciseCoder: Faithful and Generalizable Debugging Beyond Unit-Test Rewards

    Reinforcement learning (RL) from unit tests is the common recipe for post-training code models, but a unit test only asks whether the final program passes. We analyze what this unit-test-only reward teaches a model during debugging and find that, while it raises pass rates, it also teaches the model to edit more and to hallucinate bugs in code that is already correct. We introduce PreciseCoder, a training algorithm t

    Yunkai Zhan, Miaosen Chai, Shangshang Wang, Jike Zhong et al.

  25. arXiv2610.18745

    SolBehave: Evaluating the Behavioural Correctness of LLM-Generated Smart Contracts

    Large language models increasingly generate Solidity smart contracts that, once deployed, can never be patched, making a single latent fault permanent and exploitable. Yet current evaluations mostly ask only whether generated code compiles. We introduce SolBehave, a benchmark for evaluating the correctness of model-generated contracts at scale, moving beyond ad hoc unit tests. Across 250 real, reproducible Ethereum c

    Giovanni Pio Delvecchio, Stefano Fantazzini, Giacomo Frisoni, Gianluca Moro et al.

Who invites agents in 14,770 probes

Origins publishing files written for machines rather than people. Measured against a frozen cohort, so a change in the number means a change in adoption.

SignalWeb head
Tranco top 1,000
n=1,000
Web tail
sampled to rank 100k
n=1,000
AI-native
model & dev platforms
n=110
Any agent-facing signal 12.8% (128)5.6% (56)74.55% (82)
llms.txt (apex domain) 10.5% (105)4.7% (47)60% (66)
llms.txt (docs subdomain) 4.2% (42)1% (10)46.36% (51)
.well-known/mcp.json 0.6% (6)0.3% (3)9.09% (10)
.well-known/agents.txt 0.3% (3)0.2% (2)0% (0)
ai.txt 0.2% (2)0.1% (1)0% (0)
ai-plugin.json (deprecated) 0.6% (6)0.3% (3)0.91% (1)

On this calendar day 17

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2019year

    At the Chicago Marathon, Kenyan runner Brigid Kosgei (pictured) set the marathon world record for women running in a mixed-sex race.

  2. 2016year

    The King of Thailand, Bhumibol Adulyadej, died after 70 years on the throne, at which point was the longest-reigning current monarch.

  3. 2013year

    During the Hindu festival of Navaratri at a temple in Madhya Pradesh, India, rumours about an impending bridge collapse caused a stampede that resulted in 115 deaths.

  4. 2011year

    The Dragon King of Bhutan, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (pictured) married Jetsun Pema at the Punakha Dzong.

  5. 1994year

    The Troubles: In a meeting at Fernhill House, Belfast, loyalist leader Gusty Spence announced that the Combined Loyalist Military Command would observe a ceasefire.

  6. 1972year

    Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashed into a remote area in the Andes mountains near the border of Chile and Argentina; the 16 remaining survivors were not rescued until more than two months later.

  7. 1961year

    Newly elected Burundian prime minister Louis Rwagasore was assassinated by his political rivals.

  8. 1921year

    The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia signed the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, establishing the current borders between Turkey and the Caucasian states.

  9. 1917year

    At least 30,000 people witnessed the Miracle of the Sun in the fields of Cova da Iria near Fátima, Portugal.

  10. 1911year

    Prince Arthur, a son of Queen Victoria, became the first Governor General of Canada of royal descent, as well as the first Prince of Great Britain and Ireland to hold that position.

  11. 1908year

    British suffragette Margaret Travers Symons became the first woman to speak in the House of Commons when she escaped from her escort into the chamber and shouted at the assembly.

  12. 1814year

    War of 1812: After three days of fighting, the beached U.S. Revenue Cutter Service vessel Eagle was captured by the Royal Navy.

  13. 1812year

    War of 1812: British troops and Mohawk warriors repelled an American invasion from across the Niagara River at the Battle of Queenston Heights near Queenston, Ontario.

  14. 1773year

    French astronomer Charles Messier discovered the Whirlpool Galaxy (pictured), an interacting, grand design spiral galaxy located an estimated 31 million light-years away.

  15. 1710year

    Queen Anne's War: French and Wabanaki forces surrendered to end the Siege of Port Royal, giving the British permanent possession of Nova Scotia.

  16. 1307year

    Agents of King Philip IV of France launched a raid on the Knights Templar at dawn, arresting many members, subsequently torturing them into giving false confessions and burning them at the stake.

  17. 645year

    Goguryeo–Tang War: Led by Emperor Taizong, the Tang army was forced to abandon a siege of Ansi Fortress.