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Record 13032026 · captured 2026-08-25

Friday, 13 March 2026

The world looked up 2026 Iran war. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-03-12 Friday, 13 March 2026 2026-03-14 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 304,183views

    2026 Iran war

    Since 28 February 2026, the United States and Israel have been at war with Iran and its regional allies. Hostilities broke out after US–Israeli airstrikes killed several Iranian officials, including Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The strikes were launched amid o

  2. 135,225views

    Mojtaba Khamenei

    Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei is an Iranian Shia cleric and politician who has served as the third supreme leader of Iran since 2026. A member of the Khamenei family and the second son of second supreme leader Ali Khamenei, he previously served as Vakil of the Sup

  3. 132,312views

    Deaths in 2026

    The following notable deaths occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality, what subject was

  4. 122,943views

    Strait of Hormuz

    The Strait of Hormuz is a waterway between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south coast lies the Musandam Peninsula under the Musandam Governorate of Oman, with a portion of the southwest of the peninsula under th

  5. 119,111views

    Scarpetta (TV series)

    Scarpetta is an American crime drama television series developed by Liz Sarnoff and based on the book series of the same name by Patricia Cornwell. It stars Nicole Kidman as the titular character as Dr. Kay Scarpetta, a forensic pathologist who uses forensic t

  6. 114,953views

    2026 World Baseball Classic

    The 2026 World Baseball Classic was an international professional baseball tournament between 20 national baseball teams, and the sixth iteration of the World Baseball Classic (WBC). It ran from March 5 to 17, 2026. The pool-play rounds were played in LoanDepo

  7. 105,314views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as Neetsvil

  8. 101,306views

    One Piece (2023 TV series)

    One Piece is a fantasy adventure television series developed by Matt Owens and Steven Maeda for Netflix. The series is a live-action adaptation of the 1997 Japanese manga series One Piece by Eiichiro Oda, who also serves as a creative consultant. It is produce

  9. 96,782views

    Bam Adebayo

    Edrice Femi "Bam" Adebayo is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats before being selected by the Heat with the 14th overall pick in the

  10. 91,911views

    Anton Yelchin

    Anton Viktorovich Yelchin was an American actor. Born in the Soviet Union to a Russian Jewish family, he emigrated to the United States with his parents at the age of six months. He began his career as a child actor, appearing as the lead of the mystery drama

  11. 91,109views

    Ali Khamenei

    Ali Hosseini Khamenei was an Iranian politician and Shia cleric who served as the second supreme leader of Iran from 1989 until his assassination in 2026. A member of the Khamenei family who held the title Grand Ayatollah, he previously served as the third pre

  12. 90,757views

    Gaurav Kapur

    Gaurav Kapur, also spelled as Gaurav Kapoor is an Indian actor, television and cricket presenter known for being the host of the pre-match Indian Premier League show, Extraaa Innings T20, Cricbuzz Live and his YouTube show Breakfast with Champions.

  13. 83,016views

    Iran

    Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and historically known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan

  14. 82,412views

    War Machine (2026 film)

    War Machine is a 2026 military science fiction action film directed, co-produced, and co-written by Patrick Hughes. It stars Alan Ritchson, Dennis Quaid, Stephan James, Jai Courtney, Esai Morales, Keiynan Lonsdale, and Daniel Webber, and follows a staff sergea

  15. 80,077views

    Kritika Kamra

    Kritika Kamra is an Indian actress. She began her career in television, with the soap operas Kitani Mohabbat Hai (2009–2011), Kuch Toh Log Kahenge (2011–2013), and Reporters (2015). Kamra has also featured in Anubhav Sinha's film Bheed (2023), and the Amazon P

  16. 75,861views

    Benjamin Netanyahu

    Benjamin Netanyahu, nicknamed "Bibi", is an Israeli politician and diplomat who has served as Prime Minister of Israel since 2022. Having previously held office from 1996 to 1999 and from 2009 to 2021, Netanyahu is Israel's longest-serving prime minister.

  17. 74,914views

    Anna's Archive

    Anna's Archive is an open source search engine for shadow libraries that was launched by the pseudonymous Anna shortly after law enforcement efforts to shut down Z-Library in 2022. The site aggregates records from Z-Library, Sci-Hub, and Library Genesis (LibGe

  18. 72,391views

    World Baseball Classic

    The World Baseball Classic (WBC), also referred to as The Classic, is a quadrennial international baseball tournament sanctioned by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC), the sport's global governing body, and organized by World Baseball Classic Inc

  19. 71,569views

    Vinnie Pasquantino

    Vincent Joseph Pasquantino, is an American professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter for the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball (MLB). Nicknamed "Pasquatch", he made his MLB debut in 2022. In international baseball competitions he play

  20. 70,890views

    Jeffrey Epstein

    Jeffrey Edward Epstein was an American financier and child sex offender. He began his career as a math teacher at the Dalton School in New York City, before entering the banking and finance sector. Over several decades, he made much of his fortune providing ta

  21. 67,052views

    Pleural thickening

    Pleural thickening is an increase in the bulkiness of one or both of the pulmonary pleurae. A severe form of the condition is known as fibrothorax.

  22. 66,404views

    Donald Trump

    Donald John Trump is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021.

  23. 64,863views

    Ghukas Karnetsi

    Ghukas Karnetsi was Catholicos of All Armenians in Etchmiadzin from 1780 to 1799. He succeeded his former teacher Simeon of Yerevan and continued many of his policies. He was catholicos during a time of economic hardship and conflict in Iranian Armenia and app

  24. 63,532views

    Carolyn Bessette Kennedy

    Carolyn Jeanne Bessette-Kennedy was an American fashion publicist. Raised in Greenwich, Connecticut, she graduated from Boston University and joined Calvin Klein, where she rose from a sales position in Boston to publicity and show-production roles in New York

  25. 62,531views

    Federico Valverde

    Federico Santiago Valverde Dipetta is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for La Liga club Real Madrid and the Uruguay national team. Considered one of the best midfielders in the world, he is known for his versatility, work r

  26. 62,297views

    John F. Kennedy Jr.

    John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr., also referred to as JFK Jr., was an American businessman, attorney, magazine publisher, and journalist. He was the son of the 35th U.S. president John F. Kennedy, and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy.

  27. 61,975views

    Null

    Null may refer to:

  28. 60,528views

    Hermann Göring

    Hermann Wilhelm Göring was a German politician, aviator, military commander, and convicted war criminal. He was one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party, which controlled Germany from 1933 to 1945. He also served as Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe, a

  29. 59,847views

    Malik Stanley

    Malik Edward Stanley is an American football wide receiver who plays for the Munich Ravens of the European League of Football (ELF). He played college football at South Alabama and Louisiana Tech.

  30. 59,835views

    33-61 Emerson Place Row

    33-61 Emerson Place Row is a set of historic rowhouses located at Buffalo in Erie County, New York. It is one of a rare surviving group of speculative multi-unit frame residences designed to resemble rowhouses in the city of Buffalo. It was built in 1893, by l

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,520points

    Can I run AI locally?

    353 comments

  2. 1,358points

    Meta Platforms: Lobbying, dark money, and the App Store Accountability Act

    1,051 comments

  3. 1,220points

    1M context is now generally available for Opus 4.6 and Sonnet 4.6

    519 comments

  4. 1,011points

    “This is not the computer for you”

    380 comments

  5. 705points

    Qatar helium shutdown puts chip supply chain on a two-week clock

    639 comments

  6. 640points

    TUI Studio – visual terminal UI design tool

    289 comments

  7. 561points

    The Wyden Siren Goes Off Again: We’ll Be “Stunned” By What the NSA Is Doing

    173 comments

  8. 560points

    Vite 8.0 Is Out

    202 comments

  9. 521points

    Elon Musk pushes out more xAI founders as AI coding effort falters

    827 comments

  10. 443points

    Mouser: An open source alternative to Logi-Plus mouse software

    151 comments

  11. 424points

    Digg is gone again

    477 comments

  12. 412points

    E2E encrypted messaging on Instagram will no longer be supported after 8 May

    203 comments

  13. 376points

    John Carmack about open source and anti-AI activists

    488 comments

  14. 367points

    Your phone is an entire computer

    313 comments

  15. 355points

    Hammerspoon

    150 comments

  16. 330points

    Bucketsquatting is finally dead

    171 comments

  17. 326points

    More than 135 open hardware devices flashable with your own firmware

    47 comments

  18. 313points

    Sci-Fi Short Film “There Is No Antimemetics Division” [video]

    108 comments

  19. 303points

    Parallels confirms MacBook Neo can run Windows in a virtual machine

    461 comments

  20. 303points

    Lost Doctor Who episodes found

    107 comments

  21. 290points

    It Took Me 30 Years to Solve This VFX Problem – Green Screen Problem [video]

    113 comments

  22. 272points

    Lies I was told about collaborative editing, Part 2: Why we don't use Yjs

    160 comments

  23. 242points

    The unlikely story of Teardown Multiplayer

    65 comments

  24. 233points

    Source code of Swedish e-government services has been leaked

    246 comments

  25. 204points

    Nanny state discovers Linux, demands it check kids' IDs before booting

    220 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2204.03772

    Multi-objective optimization determines when, which and how to fuse deep networks: an application to predict COVID-19 outcomes

    The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of cases and deaths and the AI-related scientific community, after being involved with detecting COVID-19 signs in medical images, has been now directing the efforts towards the development of methods that can predict the progression of the disease. This task is multimodal by its very nature and, recently, baseline results achieved on the publicly available AIforCOVID dataset

    Guarrasi, Valerio, Soda, Paolo

  2. arXiv2212.14084

    Multimodal Explainability via Latent Shift applied to COVID-19 stratification

    We are witnessing a widespread adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare. However, most of the advancements in deep learning in this area consider only unimodal data, neglecting other modalities. Their multimodal interpretation necessary for supporting diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decisions. In this work we present a deep architecture, which jointly learns modality reconstructions and sample classificat

    Guarrasi, Valerio, Tronchin, Lorenzo, Albano, Domenico, Faiella, Eliodoro et al.

  3. arXiv2305.10110

    Adaptive aggregation of Monte Carlo augmented decomposed filters for efficient group-equivariant convolutional neural network

    Group-equivariant convolutional neural networks (G-CNN) heavily rely on parameter sharing to increase CNN's data efficiency and performance. However, the parameter-sharing strategy greatly increases the computational burden for each added parameter, which hampers its application to deep neural network models. In this paper, we address these problems by proposing a non-parameter-sharing approach for group equivari

    Zhao, Wenzhao, Wichtmann, Barbara D., Albert, Steffen, Maurer, Angelika et al.

  4. arXiv2307.11465

    A Deep Learning Approach for Overall Survival Prediction in Lung Cancer with Missing Values

    In the field of lung cancer research, particularly in the analysis of overall survival (OS), artificial intelligence (AI) serves crucial roles with specific aims. Given the prevalent issue of missing data in the medical domain, our primary objective is to develop an AI model capable of dynamically handling this missing data. Additionally, we aim to leverage all accessible data, effectively analyzing both uncensored p

    Caruso, Camillo Maria, Guarrasi, Valerio, Ramella, Sara, Soda, Paolo

  5. arXiv2308.00471

    A Deep Learning Approach for Virtual Contrast Enhancement in Contrast Enhanced Spectral Mammography

    Contrast Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM) is a dual-energy mammographic imaging technique that first needs intravenously administration of an iodinated contrast medium; then, it collects both a low-energy image, comparable to standard mammography, and a high-energy image. The two scans are then combined to get a recombined image showing contrast enhancement. Despite CESM diagnostic advantages for breast cancer di

    Rofena, Aurora, Guarrasi, Valerio, Sarli, Marina, Piccolo, Claudia Lucia et al.

  6. arXiv2311.11321

    Bounds on Representation-Induced Confounding Bias for Treatment Effect Estimation

    State-of-the-art methods for conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimation make widespread use of representation learning. Here, the idea is to reduce the variance of the low-sample CATE estimation by a (potentially constrained) low-dimensional representation. However, low-dimensional representations can lose information about the observed confounders and thus lead to bias, because of which the validity of r

    Melnychuk, Valentyn, Frauen, Dennis, Feuerriegel, Stefan

  7. arXiv2312.05169

    Onflow: a model free, online portfolio allocation algorithm robust to transaction fees

    We introduce Onflow, a reinforcement learning method for optimizing portfolio allocation via gradient flows. Our approach dynamically adjusts portfolio allocations to maximize expected log returns while accounting for transaction costs. Using a softmax parameterization, Onflow updates allocations through an ordinary differential equation derived from gradient flow methods. This algorithm belongs to the large class of

    Turinici, Gabriel, Brugiere, Pierre

  8. arXiv2312.17506

    A graph neural network-based model with Out-of-Distribution Robustness for enhancing Antiretroviral Therapy Outcome Prediction for HIV-1

    Predicting the outcome of antiretroviral therapies (ART) for HIV-1 is a pressing clinical challenge, especially when the ART includes drugs with limited effectiveness data. This scarcity of data can arise either due to the introduction of a new drug to the market or due to limited use in clinical settings, resulting in clinical dataset with highly unbalanced therapy representation. To tackle this issue, we introduce

    Di Teodoro, Giulia, Siciliano, Federico, Guarrasi, Valerio, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke et al.

  9. arXiv2401.13883

    Domain-Independent Dynamic Programming

    For combinatorial optimization problems, model-based paradigms such as mixed-integer programming (MIP) and constraint programming (CP) aim to decouple modeling and solving a problem: the `holy grail' of declarative problem solving. We propose domain-independent dynamic programming (DIDP), a novel model-based paradigm based on dynamic programming (DP). While DP is not new, it has typically been implemented as a pr

    Kuroiwa, Ryo, Beck, J. Christopher

  10. arXiv2406.01076

    Estimating Canopy Height at Scale

    We propose a framework for global-scale canopy height estimation based on satellite data. Our model leverages advanced data preprocessing techniques, resorts to a novel loss function designed to counter geolocation inaccuracies inherent in the ground-truth height measurements, and employs data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to effectively filter out erroneous labels in mountainous regions, enhancing the re

    Pauls, Jan, Zimmer, Max, Kelly, Una M., Schwartz, Martin et al.

  11. arXiv2407.01299

    Preserving Full Degradation Details for Blind Image Super-Resolution

    The performance of image super-resolution relies heavily on the accuracy of degradation information, especially under blind settings. Due to the absence of true degradation models in real-world scenarios, previous methods learn distinct representations by distinguishing different degradations in a batch. However, the most significant degradation differences may provide shortcuts for the learning of representations su

    Liu, Hongda, Wang, Longguang, Zhang, Ye, Xue, Kaiwen et al.

  12. arXiv2407.11540

    Not Another Imputation Method: A Transformer-based Model for Missing Values in Tabular Datasets

    Handling missing values in tabular datasets presents a significant challenge in training and testing artificial intelligence models, an issue usually addressed using imputation techniques. Here we introduce "Not Another Imputation Method" (NAIM), a novel transformer-based model specifically designed to address this issue without the need for traditional imputation techniques. NAIM's ability to avoid the n

    Caruso, Camillo Maria, Soda, Paolo, Guarrasi, Valerio

  13. arXiv2408.02686

    A Systematic Review of Intermediate Fusion in Multimodal Deep Learning for Biomedical Applications

    Deep learning has revolutionized biomedical research by providing sophisticated methods to handle complex, high-dimensional data. Multimodal deep learning (MDL) further enhances this capability by integrating diverse data types such as imaging, textual data, and genetic information, leading to more robust and accurate predictive models. In MDL, differently from early and late fusion methods, intermediate fusion stand

    Guarrasi, Valerio, Aksu, Fatih, Caruso, Camillo Maria, Di Feola, Francesco et al.

  14. arXiv2408.06503

    Enhancing Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Cooperation in Decentralized MARL via GNN-driven Intrinsic Rewards

    Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is emerging as a key framework for various sequential decision-making and control tasks. Unlike their single-agent counterparts, multi-agent systems necessitate successful cooperation among the agents. The deployment of these systems in real-world scenarios often requires decentralized training, a diverse set of agents, and learning from infrequent environmental reward signal

    Monon, Jahir Sadik, Barua, Deeparghya Dutta, Khan, Md. Mosaddek

  15. arXiv2409.07412

    Geometry of Singular Foliations and Learning Manifolds in ReLU Networks via the Data Information Matrix

    Understanding how real data is distributed in high dimensional spaces is the key to many tasks in machine learning. We want to provide a natural geometric structure on the space of data employing a ReLU neural network trained as a classifier. Through the Data Information Matrix (DIM), a variation of the Fisher information matrix, the model will discern a singular foliation structure on the space of data. We show that

    Tron, Eliot, Fioresi, Rita

  16. arXiv2410.09076

    Llettuce: An Open Source Natural Language Processing Tool for the Translation of Medical Terms into Uniform Clinical Encoding

    This paper introduces Llettuce, an open-source tool designed to address the complexities of converting medical terms into OMOP standard concepts. Unlike existing solutions such as the Athena database search and Usagi, which struggle with semantic nuances and require substantial manual input, Llettuce leverages advanced natural language processing, including large language models and fuzzy matching, to automate and en

    Mitchell-White, James, Omdivar, Reza, Partridge, Benjamin, Urwin, Esmond et al.

  17. arXiv2410.10390

    Stein Variational Evolution Strategies

    Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) is a highly efficient method to sample from an unnormalized probability distribution. However, the SVGD update relies on gradients of the log-density, which may not always be available. Existing gradient-free versions of SVGD make use of simple Monte Carlo approximations or gradients from surrogate distributions, both with limitations. To improve gradient-free Stein variation

    Braun, Cornelius V., Lange, Robert T., Toussaint, Marc

  18. arXiv2411.00744

    CARROT: A Learned Cost-Constrained Retrieval Optimization System for RAG

    Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive ability in generation and reasoning tasks but struggle with handling up-to-date knowledge, leading to inaccuracies or hallucinations. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by retrieving and incorporating external knowledge into input prompts. In particular, due to LLMs' context window limitations and long-context hallucinations, only the most

    Wang, Ziting, Yuan, Haitao, Dong, Wei, Cong, Gao et al.

  19. arXiv2411.03387

    Quantifying Aleatoric Uncertainty of the Treatment Effect: A Novel Orthogonal Learner

    Estimating causal quantities from observational data is crucial for understanding the safety and effectiveness of medical treatments. However, to make reliable inferences, medical practitioners require not only estimating averaged causal quantities, such as the conditional average treatment effect, but also understanding the randomness of the treatment effect as a random variable. This randomness is referred to as al

    Melnychuk, Valentyn, Feuerriegel, Stefan, van der Schaar, Mihaela

  20. arXiv2411.07102

    Effectively Leveraging Momentum Terms in Stochastic Line Search Frameworks for Fast Optimization of Finite-Sum Problems

    In this work, we address unconstrained finite-sum optimization problems, with particular focus on instances originating in large scale deep learning scenarios. Our main interest lies in the exploration of the relationship between recent line search approaches for stochastic optimization in the overparametrized regime and momentum directions. First, we point out that combining these two elements with computational ben

    Lapucci, Matteo, Pucci, Davide

  21. arXiv2411.12184

    Testability of Instrumental Variables in Additive Nonlinear, Non-Constant Effects Models

    We address the issue of the testability of instrumental variables derived from observational data. Most existing testable implications are centered on scenarios where the treatment is a discrete variable, e.g., instrumental inequality (Pearl, 1995), or where the effect is assumed to be constant, e.g., instrumental variables condition based on the principle of independent mechanisms (Burauel, 2023). However, treatment

    Guo, Xichen, Li, Zheng, Huang, Biwei, Zeng, Yan et al.

  22. arXiv2412.12213

    Finance-Informed Neural Network: Learning the Geometry of Option Pricing

    We propose a Finance-Informed Neural Network (FINN) for option pricing and hedging that integrates financial theory directly into machine learning. Instead of training on observed option prices, FINN is learned through a self-supervised replication objective based on dynamic hedging, ensuring economic consistency by construction. We show theoretically that minimizing replication error recovers the arbitrage-free pric

    Aboussalah, Amine M., Li, Xuanze, Chi, Cheng, Patel, Raj

  23. arXiv2412.14810

    MARIA: a Multimodal Transformer Model for Incomplete Healthcare Data

    In healthcare, the integration of multimodal data is pivotal for developing comprehensive diagnostic and predictive models. However, managing missing data remains a significant challenge in real-world applications. We introduce MARIA (Multimodal Attention Resilient to Incomplete datA), a novel transformer-based deep learning model designed to address these challenges through an intermediate fusion strategy. Unlike co

    Caruso, Camillo Maria, Soda, Paolo, Guarrasi, Valerio

  24. arXiv2501.08848

    RouteNet-Gauss: Hardware-Enhanced Network Modeling with Machine Learning

    Network simulation is pivotal in network modeling, assisting with tasks ranging from capacity planning to performance estimation. Traditional approaches such as Discrete Event Simulation (DES) face limitations in terms of computational cost and accuracy. This paper introduces RouteNet-Gauss, a novel integration of a testbed network with a Machine Learning (ML) model to address these challenges. By using the testbed a

    Güemes-Palau, Carlos, Ferriol-Galmés, Miquel, Paillisse-Vilanova, Jordi, López-Brescó, Albert et al.

  25. arXiv2501.14894

    Enhancing accuracy of uncertainty estimation in appearance-based gaze tracking with probabilistic evaluation and calibration

    Accurately knowing uncertainties in appearance-based gaze tracking is critical for ensuring reliable downstream applications. Due to the lack of individual uncertainty labels, current uncertainty-aware approaches adopt probabilistic models to acquire uncertainties by following distributions in the training dataset. Without regulations, this approach lets the uncertainty model build biases and overfits the training da

    Zheng, Qiaojie, Zhang, Jiucai, Zhang, Xiaoli

On this calendar day 18

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2013year

    Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected as Pope Francis, making him the first Jesuit pope, the first from the Americas, and the first from the Southern Hemisphere.

  2. 2004year

    The Filipino singer Rachelle Ann Go won the reality talent show Search for a Star, performing a cover of Mariah Carey's "Through the Rain" in the grand final.

  3. 2002year

    The Sutton Hoo visitor centre, featuring Rick Kirby's sculpture Sutton Hoo Helmet (pictured in present location) was unveiled by Nobel laureate Seamus Heaney.

  4. 1996year

    A mass shooting at a primary school occurred in Dunblane, Scotland, killing 16 children and a teacher and prompting tighter gun control in the United Kingdom.

  5. 1988year

    The 53.85 km (33.46 mi) Seikan Tunnel opened between the cities of Hakodate and Aomori, Japan.

  6. 1986year

    Claiming the right of innocent passage, the American warships Yorktown and Caron entered Soviet territorial waters in the Black Sea.

  7. 1985year

    One of England's worst incidents of football hooliganism occurred when supporters of Luton Town and Millwall rioted before a match at Kenilworth Road stadium.

  8. 1964year

    Kitty Genovese was murdered in New York City, prompting research into the bystander effect due to the false story that neighbors witnessed the killing and did nothing to help her.

  9. 1943year

    The Holocaust: Nazi troops began the final liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto in German-occupied Poland, sending about 2,000 Jews to the Płaszów labor camp (deportation pictured), with the remaining 5,000 either killed or sent to Auschwitz.

  10. 1920year

    The Kapp Putsch (participants pictured), an attempted coup aiming to undo the German Revolution of 1918–1919, briefly ousted the government of the Weimar Republic.

  11. 1888year

    The eruption of Ritter Island triggered tsunamis that killed up to 3,000 people on nearby islands.

  12. 1848year

    Klemens von Metternich was forced to resign as the foreign minister of Austria following student demonstrations in Vienna.

  13. 1845year

    German composer Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto was premiered in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as the soloist.

  14. 1811year

    Napoleonic Wars: A British frigate squadron defeated a much larger squadron of French and Italian frigates and smaller vessels in the Battle of Lissa (depicted) in the Adriatic Sea.

  15. 1781year

    William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus from the garden of his house in Bath, England, initially considering it to be a comet.

  16. 1741year

    War of Jenkins' Ear: The British began an assault against Spanish forts in the Caribbean in the Battle of Cartagena de Indias.

  17. 1697year

    Nojpetén, capital of the Itza Maya kingdom, fell to Spanish conquistadors, the final step in the Spanish conquest of Guatemala.

  18. 1567year

    A Spanish mercenary army surprised a band of rebels at the Battle of Oosterweel in the Habsburg Netherlands, beginning the Eighty Years' War.