28081999.me

Record 07072026 · captured 2026-08-25

Tuesday, 7 July 2026

The world looked up Erling Haaland. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-07-06 Tuesday, 7 July 2026 2026-07-08 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 1,187,621views

    Erling Haaland

    Erling Braut Haaland is a Norwegian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Manchester City and the Norway national team. Regarded as one of the best players in the world and the greatest Norwegian player of all time, he is known

  2. 802,524views

    2026 FIFA World Cup

    The 2026 FIFA World Cup was the 23rd FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's soccer championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament began on June 11, 2026, and concluded on July 19 with Spain winning

  3. 572,783views

    Jude Bellingham

    Jude Victor William Bellingham is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for La Liga club Real Madrid and the England national team. Regarded as one of the best players in the world, he is known for his athleticism and ball-winning abilit

  4. 558,220views

    Folarin Balogun

    Folarin Jerry Balogun is a professional soccer player who plays as a striker for Ligue 1 club Monaco and the United States national team.

  5. 489,840views

    Cristiano Ronaldo

    Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for and captains the Saudi Pro League club Al-Nassr and the Portugal national team. Nicknamed CR7, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in histor

  6. 443,104views

    Neymar

    Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior, known mononymously as Neymar, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a forward for Campeonato Brasileiro Série A club Santos. A goalscorer and playmaker, he is known for his dribbling, tech

  7. 391,686views

    Arthur Fery

    Arthur Fery is a British professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 36 achieved on 13 July 2026 and a doubles ranking of No. 201 achieved on 29 July 2024. His breakthrough came at the 2026 Wimbledon Championships, reachin

  8. 371,896views

    Harry Kane

    Harry Edward Kane is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Bundesliga club Bayern Munich and captains the England national team. He is regarded as one of the best players in the world, one of the best strikers of his generation, and one

  9. 305,176views

    FIFA World Cup

    The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition among the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament has been held every

  10. 272,031views

    Julián Quiñones

    Julián Andrés Quiñones Quiñones is a professional footballer who plays as a forward or winger for Saudi Pro League club Al-Qadsiah. Born in Colombia, he represents the Mexico national team.

  11. 268,980views

    Lamine Yamal

    Lamine Yamal Nasraoui Ebana, commonly known as Lamine Yamal, is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a right winger for the La Liga club Barcelona and the Spain national team. He is widely regarded as one of the best players in the world.

  12. 236,874views

    List of FIFA World Cup finals

    The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every fou

  13. 225,552views

    Estadio Azteca

    Estadio Azteca, officially known as Estadio Banorte for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium located in Coyoacán, Mexico City. At an elevation of 2,241 meters (7,352 ft) above sea level it is the official home of Club América of Liga MX and the Mexico na

  14. 204,928views

    Obsession (2025 film)

    Obsession is a 2025 American supernatural horror film written, directed, and edited by Curry Barker. The film follows Bear, a music store employee who buys a supernatural toy that grants his wish for his friend Nikki to fall in love with him, which makes her b

  15. 200,574views

    Gianni Infantino

    Giovanni Vincenzo "Gianni" Infantino is a Swiss football administrator who has served as the president of FIFA since 2016. He was previously Secretary General of UEFA from 2009 to 2016, where he formalised the body's financial regulations and oversaw tournamen

  16. 199,924views

    Lionel Messi

    Lionel Andrés "Leo" Messi is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for and captains both Major League Soccer (MLS) club Inter Miami and the Argentina national team. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players in history, Messi has set

  17. 199,502views

    Raúl Jiménez

    Raúl Alonso Jiménez Rodríguez is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a striker for EFL Championship club Wolverhampton Wanderers and the Mexico national team.

  18. 198,696views

    Jarell Quansah

    Jarell Amorin Quansah is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen and the England national team.

  19. 191,784views

    Anthony Gordon (footballer)

    Anthony Michael Gordon is an English professional footballer who plays as a left winger for La Liga club Barcelona and the England national team.

  20. 191,151views

    Lauren Bennett

    Lauren Diane Bennett-Wormald was an English singer from Meopham, Kent. She was a member of Paradiso Girls, who were known for the song "Patron Tequila", and G.R.L., who were featured on Pitbull's "Wild Wild Love" and were known for their song "Ugly Heart". She

  21. 191,005views

    Kylian Mbappé

    Kylian Mbappé Lottin is a French professional footballer who plays as a forward for La Liga club Real Madrid and captains the France national team. Widely regarded as one of the best players in the world and one of the greatest French players of all time, he i

  22. 189,741views

    Yandex

    Yandex LLC is a Russian technology company that provides Internet-related products and services including a web browser, search engine, cloud computing, web mapping, online food ordering, streaming media, online shopping, and a ridesharing company.

  23. 185,424views

    Jaswant Singh Khalra

    Jaswant Singh Khalra (1952–1995) was an Indian human rights activist. He was one of the most prominent human rights activists in Punjab. He gained international recognition after uncovering evidence of thousands of alleged extrajudicial killings, enforced disa

  24. 160,898views

    FIFA Men's World Ranking

    The FIFA Men's World Ranking is a ranking system for men's national teams in association football, first introduced in December 1992. The men's teams of the member nations of FIFA, football's world governing body, are ranked based on their game results with th

  25. 155,209views

    .xyz

    .xyz is a top-level domain name that was proposed in ICANN's new generic top-level domain (gTLD) Program for consisting of the last three letters of the Latin-script alphabet. XYZ.com and CentralNic are the registries for the domain, which was created by entre

  26. 154,130views

    England national football team

    The England national football team have represented England in men's international football since the first international match in 1872. They are governed by The Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UE

  27. 149,638views

    Thomas Tuchel

    Thomas Tuchel is a German professional football manager and former player who is the manager of the England national team.

  28. 146,792views

    Alf-Inge Haaland

    Alfie Haaland is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a right-back or midfielder. Haaland played in England with Nottingham Forest, Leeds United, and Manchester City, and earned 34 caps for Norway. He is the father of Manchester City and No

  29. 145,790views

    2030 FIFA World Cup

    The 2030 FIFA World Cup is scheduled to be the 24th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football tournament that is contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament is planned to be jointly hosted by Morocco, P

  30. 139,323views

    List of FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

    Players have scored more than 3,000 goals in the 23 men's FIFA World Cup tournaments, the goal record includes own goals scored, but not counting penalty shoot-outs. Since the first goal, by French player Lucien Laurent in 1930, nearly 1,300 footballers have s

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 916points

    Chat Control 1.0 and 2.0 Explained

    352 comments

  2. 829points

    StreetComplete: Fixing OpenStreetMap, one tiny quest at a time

    206 comments

  3. 793points

    Every new car sold in the European Union must include a driver monitoring camera

    1,066 comments

  4. 676points

    Microsoft fire idTech team at Id software

    602 comments

  5. 652points

    30papers.com – Ilya's 30 essential ML papers, in a beginner friendly format

    111 comments

  6. 637points

    Chat Control passed first round in EU Parliament

    259 comments

  7. 541points

    A better way to tie gym shorts (or any drawstring) [video]

    189 comments

  8. 526points

    98% isn't much

    350 comments

  9. 515points

    Local, CPU-Friendly, High-Quality TTS (Text-to-Speech) with Kokoro

    98 comments

  10. 389points

    Show HN: Davit, a Apple Containers UI

    101 comments

  11. 382points

    How to sequence your own DNA at home

    159 comments

  12. 355points

    Microsoft Can Track Users via a Windows Device ID

    162 comments

  13. 355points

    Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs Video Lectures (1986)

    48 comments

  14. 353points

    China sentences official to death for taking $325M in bribes

    491 comments

  15. 332points

    Amazon without the knockoffs

    264 comments

  16. 320points

    Top researchers leave USA for the Netherlands (in Dutch)

    260 comments

  17. 307points

    Dua Lipa opens library for banned and censored books in Portugal

    257 comments

  18. 304points

    We charge $10k a week to delete AI-generated code

    240 comments

  19. 290points

    Why skilled workers come to Germany and then leave again

    849 comments

  20. 277points

    GAO: DOE Is Prematurely Excluding Less Expensive Options for Nuclear Cleanup

    177 comments

  21. 262points

    Why we built yet another Postgres connection pooler

    64 comments

  22. 253points

    Europe's company websites are mostly served by US vendors

    187 comments

  23. 242points

    An agent in 100 lines of Lisp

    80 comments

  24. 239points

    The Art of Computer Programming by Donald E. Knuth

    60 comments

  25. 238points

    Show HN: Yamanote.fun – A complete soundscape for Tokyo's Yamanote line

    62 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv1812.03974

    Accuracy, Uncertainty, and Adaptability of Automatic Myocardial ASL Segmentation using Deep CNN

    PURPOSE: To apply deep CNN to the segmentation task in myocardial arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion imaging and to develop methods that measure uncertainty and that adapt the CNN model to a specific false positive vs. false negative tradeoff. METHODS: The Monte Carlo dropout (MCD) U-Net was trained on data from 22 subjects and tested on data from 6 heart transplant recipients. Manual segmentation and regional myo

    Do, Hung P., Guo, Yi, Yoon, Andrew J., Nayak, Krishna S.

  2. arXiv1908.07092

    Linear stability analysis for large dynamical systems on directed random graphs

    We present a linear stability analysis of stationary states (or fixed points) in large dynamical systems defined on random directed graphs with a prescribed distribution of indegrees and outdegrees. We obtain two remarkable results for such dynamical systems: First, infinitely large systems on directed graphs can be stable even when the degree distribution has unbounded support; this result is surprising since their

    Neri, Izaak, Metz, Fernando Lucas

  3. arXiv2003.05746

    Querying and Repairing Inconsistent Prioritized Knowledge Bases: Complexity Analysis and Links with Abstract Argumentation

    In this paper, we explore the issue of inconsistency handling over prioritized knowledge bases (KBs), which consist of an ontology, a set of facts, and a priority relation between conflicting facts. In the database setting, a closely related scenario has been studied and led to the definition of three different notions of optimal repairs (global, Pareto, and completion) of a prioritized inconsistent database. After t

    Bienvenu, Meghyn, Bourgaux, Camille

  4. arXiv2106.15277

    EPMF: Efficient Perception-aware Multi-sensor Fusion for 3D Semantic Segmentation

    We study multi-sensor fusion for 3D semantic segmentation that is important to scene understanding for many applications, such as autonomous driving and robotics. Existing fusion-based methods, however, may not achieve promising performance due to the vast difference between the two modalities. In this work, we investigate a collaborative fusion scheme called perception-aware multi-sensor fusion (PMF) to effectively

    Tan, Mingkui, Zhuang, Zhuangwei, Chen, Sitao, Li, Rong et al.

  5. arXiv2111.15255

    Double Fuzzy Probabilistic Interval Linguistic Term Set and a Dynamic Fuzzy Decision Making Model based on Markov Process with tts Application in Multiple Criteria Group Decision Making

    The probabilistic linguistic term has been proposed to deal with probability distributions in provided linguistic evaluations. However, because it has some fundamental defects, it is often difficult for decision-makers to get reasonable information of linguistic evaluations for group decision making. In addition, weight information plays a significant role in dynamic information fusion and decision making process. Ho

    Liu, Zongmin

  6. arXiv2202.14019

    Domain Knowledge-Informed Self-Supervised Representations for Workout Form Assessment

    Maintaining proper form while exercising is important for preventing injuries and maximizing muscle mass gains. Detecting errors in workout form naturally requires estimating human's body pose. However, off-the-shelf pose estimators struggle to perform well on the videos recorded in gym scenarios due to factors such as camera angles, occlusion from gym equipment, illumination, and clothing. To aggravate the probl

    Parmar, Paritosh, Gharat, Amol, Rhodin, Helge

  7. arXiv2203.00813

    An Accelerated Stochastic Variance-Reduced Algorithm for Entropic Wasserstein Barycenters

    Fixed-support Wasserstein barycenters average probability distributions while accounting for the geometry of the support. We study the entropically regularized Wasserstein barycenter problem with a fixed regularization parameter and propose an accelerated stochastic variance-reduced primal-dual algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses a semi-dual finite-sum structure in which each stochastic gradient requires only one

    Xie, Yiling, Luo, Yiling, Huo, Xiaoming

  8. arXiv2203.01687

    Structure-Guided Self-Supervised Matching for One-Shot Medical Landmark Detection

    Medical landmark detection usually requires accurate expert annotations, which are laborious and difficult to scale across anatomical regions. In this work, we study an extreme annotation-efficient setting where only a single annotated template image is available. We propose SGB-Match, a structure-guided coarse-to-fine self-supervised matching framework for one-shot medical landmark detection. The framework first lea

    Yao, Qingsong, Huang, Zhen, Wang, Ao, Wang, Rongsheng et al.

  9. arXiv2208.00657

    SiamixFormer: a fully-transformer Siamese network with temporal Fusion for accurate building detection and change detection in bi-temporal remote sensing images

    Building detection and change detection using remote sensing images can help urban and rescue planning. Moreover, they can be used for building damage assessment after natural disasters. Currently, most of the existing models for building detection use only one image (pre-disaster image) to detect buildings. This is based on the idea that post-disaster images reduce the model's performance because of presence of

    Mohammadian, Amir, Ghaderi, Foad

  10. arXiv2210.10619

    Restricted Bernoulli Matrix Factorization: Balancing the trade-off between prediction accuracy and coverage in classification based collaborative filtering

    Reliability measures associated with the prediction of the machine learning models are critical to strengthening user confidence in artificial intelligence. Therefore, those models that provide not only predictions, but also reliability, enjoy greater popularity. In the field of recommender systems, reliability is crucial, since users tend to prefer those recommendations that are sure to interest them, that is, high

    González-Prieto, Ángel, Gutiérrez, Abraham, Ortega, Fernando, Lara-Cabrera, Raúl

  11. arXiv2210.16506

    Observable Perfect Equilibrium

    While Nash equilibrium has emerged as the central game-theoretic solution concept, many important games contain several Nash equilibria and we must determine how to select between them in order to create real strategic agents. Several Nash equilibrium refinement concepts have been proposed and studied for sequential imperfect-information games, the most prominent being trembling-hand perfect equilibrium, quasi-perfec

    Ganzfried, Sam

  12. arXiv2211.15590

    A Bayesian Approach for the Network Reconstruction of Interdependent Critical Infrastructure Systems from Cascading Failures

    Analyzing the behavior of complex interdependent networks requires complete information about the network topology and the interdependent links across networks. For many applications such as critical infrastructure systems, understanding network interdependencies is crucial to anticipate cascading failures and plan for disruptions. However, data on the topology of individual networks are often publicly unavailable du

    Bahavarnia, MirSaleh, Baroud, Hiba, Wang, Yu, Yu, Jin-Zhu

  13. arXiv2303.08777

    Distribution-free Deviation Bounds and The Role of Domain Knowledge in Learning via Model Selection with Cross-validation Risk Estimation

    Cross-validation is one of the most widely used tools for risk estimation and model selection in statistics and machine learning, yet its theoretical properties when embedded in a learning procedure remain insufficiently understood. This paper develops a general, distribution-free framework for learning via model selection with cross-validation risk estimation within classical statistical learning theory. We establis

    Marcondes, Diego, Peixoto, Cláudia

  14. arXiv2304.13917

    Proportionally Representative Clustering

    In recent years, there has been a surge in effort to formalize notions of fairness in machine learning. We focus on centroid clustering--one of the fundamental tasks in unsupervised machine learning. We propose a new axiom ``proportionally representative fairness'' (PRF) that is designed for clustering problems where the selection of centroids reflects the distribution of data points and how tightly they are

    Aziz, Haris, Lee, Barton E., Chu, Sean Morota, Vollen, Jeremy

  15. arXiv2306.14851

    Efficient Cross-Validation for Sparse Linear Regression

    Given a high-dimensional covariate matrix and a response vector, ridge-regularized sparse linear regression selects a subset of features that explains the relationship between covariates and the response in an interpretable manner. To choose hyperparameters that control the sparsity level and amount of regularization, practitioners commonly use k-fold cross-validation. However, cross-validation substantially increase

    Cory-Wright, Ryan, Gómez, Andrés

  16. arXiv2311.10090

    JaxMARL: Multi-Agent RL Environments and Algorithms in JAX

    Benchmarks are crucial in the development of machine learning algorithms, with available environments significantly influencing reinforcement learning (RL) research. Traditionally, RL environments run on the CPU, which limits their scalability with typical academic compute. However, recent advancements in JAX have enabled the wider use of hardware acceleration, enabling massively parallel RL training pipelines and en

    Rutherford, Alexander, Ellis, Benjamin, Gallici, Matteo, Cook, Jonathan et al.

  17. arXiv2312.09126

    Towards Trustworthy AI Software Development Assistance

    It is expected that in the near future, AI software development assistants will play an important role in the software industry. However, current software development assistants tend to be unreliable, often producing incorrect, unsafe, or low-quality code. We seek to resolve these issues by introducing a holistic architecture for constructing, training, and using trustworthy AI software development assistants. In the

    Maninger, Daniel, Narasimhan, Krishna, Mezini, Mira

  18. arXiv2401.01163

    NU-Class Net: A Novel Approach for Video Quality Enhancement

    Video content has experienced a surge in popularity, asserting its dominance over internet traffic and Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Video compression has long been regarded as the primary means of efficiently managing the substantial multimedia traffic generated by video-capturing devices. Nevertheless, video compression algorithms entail significant computational demands in order to achieve substantial compres

    Moghaddam, Parham Zilouchian, Modarressi, Mehdi, Sadeghi, Mohammad Amin

  19. arXiv2401.05631

    DrawTalking: Building Interactive Worlds by Sketching and Speaking

    We introduce DrawTalking, an approach to building and controlling interactive worlds by sketching and speaking while telling stories. It emphasizes user control and flexibility, and gives programming-like capability without requiring code. An early open-ended study with our prototype shows that the mechanics resonate and are applicable to many creative-exploratory use cases, with the potential to inspire and inform r

    Rosenberg, Karl Toby, Kazi, Rubaiat Habib, Wei, Li-Yi, Xia, Haijun et al.

  20. arXiv2401.10805

    Learning to Visually Connect Actions and their Effects

    We introduce the novel concept of visually Connecting Actions and Their Effects (CATE) in video understanding. CATE can have applications in areas like task planning and learning from demonstration. We identify and explore two different aspects of the concept of CATE: Action Selection (AS) and Effect-Affinity Assessment (EAA), where video understanding models connect actions and effects at semantic and fine-grained l

    Parmar, Paritosh, Peh, Eric, Fernando, Basura

  21. arXiv2401.11512

    TERC: A Transfer Entropy Redundancy Criterion for State Variable Selection in Reinforcement Learning

    Identifying the most suitable variables to represent the state is a fundamental challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL). These variables must efficiently capture the information necessary for making optimal decisions. In order to address this problem, in this paper, we introduce the Transfer Entropy Redundancy Criterion (TERC), an information-theoretic criterion, which determines if there is entropy transferred from

    Westphal, Charles, Hailes, Stephen, Musolesi, Mirco

  22. arXiv2403.11199

    Graph Unitary Message Passing

    Unitarity is a useful principle for stabilizing deep neural networks, but in graph neural networks (GNNs) instability is induced not only by learnable parameters but also by the graph propagation operator. Motivated by this distinction, we propose Graph Unitary Message Passing (GUMP), a message-passing framework that uses a unitary propagation operator on a transformed graph to avoid graph-induced exponential decay u

    Qiu, Haiquan, Yao, Quanming

  23. arXiv2404.01299

    CausalChaos! Dataset for Comprehensive Causal Action Question Answering Over Longer Causal Chains Grounded in Dynamic Visual Scenes

    Causal video question answering (QA) has garnered increasing interest, yet existing datasets often lack depth in causal reasoning. To address this gap, we capitalize on the unique properties of cartoons and construct CausalChaos!, a novel, challenging causal Why-QA dataset built upon the iconic "Tom and Jerry" cartoon series. Cartoons use the principles of animation that allow animators to create expressive,

    Parmar, Paritosh, Peh, Eric, Chen, Ruirui, Lam, Ting En et al.

  24. arXiv2404.06294

    Fortifying Fully Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Super-Resolution Using Divergence Measures

    Super-Resolution (SR) is a time-hallowed image processing problem that aims to improve the quality of a Low-Resolution (LR) sample up to the standard of its High-Resolution (HR) counterpart. We aim to address this by introducing Super-Resolution Generator (SuRGe), a fully-convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based architecture for SR. We show that distinct convolutional features obtained at increasing d

    Basu, Arkaprabha, Bose, Kushal, Mullick, Sankha Subhra, Chakrabarty, Anish et al.

  25. arXiv2405.07312

    Nonparametric Control Koopman Operators

    This paper presents a novel Koopman composition operator representation framework for control systems in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs) that is free of explicit dictionary or input parametrizations. By establishing fundamental equivalences between different model representations, we are able to close the gap of control system operator learning and infinite-dimensional regression, enabling various empirical

    Bevanda, Petar, Driessen, Bas, Iacob, Lucian Cristian, Sosnowski, Stefan et al.

On this calendar day 14

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2016year

    A U.S. Army Reserve veteran ambushed and shot at police officers (memorial service pictured) in Dallas, killing five of them and injuring nine others, before being killed by a bomb attached to a police robot.

  2. 1991year

    Yugoslav Wars: The signing of the Brioni Agreement ended the Ten-Day War between SFR Yugoslavia and Slovenia.

  3. 1983year

    After writing a letter to Soviet premier Yuri Andropov, American schoolgirl Samantha Smith visited the Soviet Union as Andropov's personal guest, becoming known as "America's Youngest Ambassador".

  4. 1974year

    West Germany won the FIFA World Cup final against the Netherlands at the Munich Olympiastadion.

  5. 1963year

    The secret police of Ngô Đình Nhu, brother and chief political adviser of South Vietnamese president Ngô Đình Diệm, attacked a group of American journalists who were covering a protest during the Buddhist crisis.

  6. 1937year

    The Peel Commission published a report stating that the League of Nations' Mandate for Palestine had become unworkable and recommended the partition of British-administered Mandatory Palestine into two states.

  7. 1911year

    Four countries signed the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention, which banned the hunting of seals in the pelagic zone.

  8. 1907year

    Inspired by the Folies Bergère of Paris, American impresario Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. (pictured) staged the first of his Ziegfeld Follies.

  9. 1898year

    US president William McKinley signed the Newlands Resolution, annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.

  10. 1800year

    War of the Second Coalition: The British Royal Navy force attacked the well-defended French anchorage of Dunkirk (depicted), capturing a French frigate.

  11. 1798year

    Outraged by the XYZ Affair, the United States rescinded its treaties with France, resulting in the undeclared Quasi-War, fought entirely at sea.

  12. 1777year

    American Revolutionary War: British forces caught up with American troops withdrawing from Ticonderoga, capturing more than 200 men at the Battle of Hubbardton.

  13. 1575year

    Anglo-Scottish Wars: A dispute between Sir John Forster and Sir John Carmichael led to a Scottish raid on Northumberland, England, in which 27 men were killed.

  14. 1456year

    Joan of Arc was declared innocent of heresy in a retrial twenty-five years after her death.