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Record 03082026 · captured 2026-08-25

Monday, 3 August 2026

The world looked up Spider-Man: Brand New Day. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-08-02 Monday, 3 August 2026 2026-08-04 →

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 909,906views

    Spider-Man: Brand New Day

    Spider-Man: Brand New Day is a 2026 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. Produced by Columbia Pictures, Marvel Studios, and Pascal Pictures, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing, it is the 38th film in the Marvel Cinem

  2. 574,416views

    SummerSlam (2026)

    The 2026 SummerSlam, also promoted as SummerSlam: Minnesota, was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was the 39th annual SummerSlam and took place as a two-night event on Saturday, August 1, and Sunday, Augus

  3. 456,877views

    The Odyssey (2026 film)

    The Odyssey is a 2026 epic action fantasy film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, who produced it with his wife Emma Thomas. An adaptation of Homer's ancient Greek epic poem the Odyssey, it stars an ensemble cast including Matt Damon, Tom Holland, Anne

  4. 317,144views

    Nirmal Purja

    Nirmal Purja, also known as Nims or Nimsdai, was a Nepali-British mountaineer. Before pursuing a career in mountaineering, he served in the British Army with the Brigade of Gurkhas and later in the Special Boat Service (SBS), the special forces unit of the Roy

  5. 257,417views

    2026 Commonwealth Games medal table

    The 2026 Commonwealth Games was a multi-sport event held in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 2 August 2026. A total of 215 medal events were contested across ten sports.

  6. 254,149views

    Vincent Pastore

    Vincent Dominic Pastore was an American actor. Often cast as a mafioso, he was perhaps best known for his portrayal of Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero on the HBO drama series The Sopranos (1999–2007) earning a Screen Actors Guild Award.

  7. 237,420views

    2026 Commonwealth Games

    The 2026 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XXIII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Glasgow 2026, was a multi-sport event held from 23 July to 2 August 2026 in Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland, for members of the Commonwealth of Nations. T

  8. 217,678views

    Tom Holland

    Thomas Stanley Holland is a British actor. His accolades include a BAFTA Award as well as two Critics' Choice Awards nominations. Holland's films as a leading actor have grossed over $14.9 billion worldwide, making him the Fourth highest-grossing actor of all

  9. 214,062views

    Zendaya

    Zendaya Maree Stoermer Coleman, known mononymously as Zendaya, is an American actress and singer-songwriter. Known for her work in television and blockbusters, her films as a leading actress have grossed over $9.8 billion worldwide. Her accolades include two P

  10. 193,042views

    Pan Am Flight 103

    Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via stopovers in London and New York City. Shortly after 19:00 GMT on 21 December 1988, the Boeing 747 Clipper Maid of the Seas was destroyed by a bomb while flying over the Sc

  11. 165,779views

    .xyz

    .xyz is a top-level domain name that was proposed in ICANN's new generic top-level domain (gTLD) Program for consisting of the last three letters of the Latin-script alphabet. XYZ.com and CentralNic are the registries for the domain, which was created by entre

  12. 154,398views

    India at the 2026 Commonwealth Games

    India competed at the 2026 Commonwealth Games, held in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 2 August 2026. It was the country's 19th appearance at the Commonwealth Games, after making its debut at the 1934 Commonwealth Games. The Indian contingent consisted of 1

  13. 139,376views

    Tarik Skubal

    Tarik Daniel Skubal is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played in MLB for the Detroit Tigers. Skubal was selected by the Tigers in the ninth round of the 2018 MLB draft and

  14. 132,740views

    Odyssey

    The Odyssey is one of two major epics of ancient Greek literature attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest surviving works of literature and remains popular with modern audiences. Like the Iliad, the Odyssey is divided into 24 books. It follows the heroic

  15. 130,800views

    Deaths in 2026

    The following notable deaths occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality, what subject was

  16. 127,081views

    Ceuta

    Ceuta is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. Bordered by Morocco, it lies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta is one of the special territories of members of the European Economic Area: it is a part of the Schengen a

  17. 120,463views

    Spider-Man: No Way Home

    Spider-Man: No Way Home is a 2021 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. Produced by Columbia Pictures, Marvel Studios, and Pascal Pictures, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing, it is the sequel to Spider-Man: Homecomin

  18. 112,720views

    Sadie Sink

    Sadie Elizabeth Sink is an American actress. She began her career in theater as a child, playing the title role in the musical Annie (2012–2014) and young Elizabeth II in the historical play The Audience (2015) on Broadway. In 2016, she made her film debut in

  19. 103,404views

    2022 Idaho student murders

    In the early morning hours of November 13, 2022, four University of Idaho students—Madison Mogen, Kaylee Goncalves, Ethan Chapin, and Xana Kernodle—were fatally stabbed in an off-campus house in Moscow, Idaho. On December 30, authorities arrested 28-year-old B

  20. 101,889views

    Obsession (2025 film)

    Obsession is a 2025 American supernatural horror film written, directed, and edited by Curry Barker. The film follows Bear, a music store employee who buys a supernatural toy that grants his wish for his friend Nikki to fall in love with him, which makes her b

  21. 98,992views

    List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films

    The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) centers on American superhero films produced by Marvel Studios, based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics. The MCU is the shared universe in which all of the films are set. Marvel Studios has released

  22. 97,218views

    Jon Bernthal

    Jonathan Edward Bernthal is an American actor. Known for playing brash, hard-edged, ethically complex characters, he first achieved prominence for his portrayal of Shane Walsh on the AMC horror drama series The Walking Dead (2010–2012). He went on to portray F

  23. 96,799views

    Jean Grey

    Jean Grey is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually those featuring the X-Men, a group of superheroes of which she is a founding member. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby, the character first

  24. 94,030views

    2026 in film

    2026 in film is an overview of events in the film industry scheduled to occur in 2026. Best Picture Academy Award-winners All Quiet on the Western Front and Cimarron entered the public domain this year.

  25. 85,546views

    Gatta Kusthi 2

    Gatta Kusthi 2 is a 2026 Indian Tamil-language sports comedy drama film written and directed by Chella Ayyavu. It was jointly produced by Ishari K. Ganesh, Vishnu Vishal and Ishan Saksena through the companies Vels Film International, Vishnu Vishal Studioz and

  26. 80,109views

    Nick Aldis

    Nicholas Harry Aldis is an English professional wrestler and executive. He is signed to WWE, where he is a producer and the on-screen general manager of SmackDown.

  27. 78,039views

    The Devil Wears Prada 2

    The Devil Wears Prada 2 is a 2026 American comedy drama film directed by David Frankel and written by Aline Brosh McKenna. A sequel to the 2006 film The Devil Wears Prada, it sees Meryl Streep, Anne Hathaway, Emily Blunt, and Stanley Tucci reprising their role

  28. 77,103views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as Neetsvil

  29. 76,512views

    Christopher Nolan

    Sir Christopher Edward Nolan is a British and American filmmaker. Known for his Hollywood blockbusters with complex storytelling, Nolan is considered a leading filmmaker of the 21st century. His films have earned over $7.7 billion worldwide, making him the thi

  30. 75,180views

    Spider-Man in film

    Spider-Man, a superhero character created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko for American comic books published by Marvel Comics, has appeared in virtually every form of media, including film since the 1970s. CBS's television film pilot for the program The Amazing Sp

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,849points

    Don't be a meat proxy

    742 comments

  2. 1,416points

    LLMs reward expertise

    573 comments

  3. 1,124points

    Qwen3.8-Max: A New Bar for Coding and Cowork

    615 comments

  4. 733points

    Devtools must be open source

    233 comments

  5. 727points

    SQLite Critical CVEs or LLM Slop?

    373 comments

  6. 647points

    More German than many Germans

    500 comments

  7. 632points

    Ten advances in mathematics and theoretical computer science

    942 comments

  8. 545points

    Prevent cognitive debt by manually retyping LLM-generated code

    444 comments

  9. 453points

    There Will Come Soft Rains (1950) [pdf]

    445 comments

  10. 421points

    Twenty Years of Pandoc

    53 comments

  11. 390points

    Bonsai: Janestreet's UI Library

    154 comments

  12. 380points

    Wind and solar overtake fossil fuels in Germany for the first time

    333 comments

  13. 350points

    Show HN: Isopolis – Isometric pixel map of SF

    81 comments

  14. 340points

    Andy Pavlo joins ClickHouse to establish ClickHouse Labs

    76 comments

  15. 334points

    MiniMax H3 Day-0 Support in ComfyUI: Open Weights, Native Audio, and 2K Video

    94 comments

  16. 312points

    Show HN: Run an 80B Qwen in 4.3 GB of RAM on a Mac, and a 35B on an iPhone

    141 comments

  17. 305points

    Taylor Farms has rewritten its cyclospora statement four times in sixteen days

    263 comments

  18. 293points

    Branchless Rust: Making a Filter 4x Faster by Removing an If

    110 comments

  19. 267points

    Smaller, faster, safer: running Kimi and GLM at scale

    66 comments

  20. 258points

    I stopped trusting USB-C cable labels and started testing them

    265 comments

  21. 255points

    ICE Collected Nearly 1M People's DNA Last Year–Including Young Children

    114 comments

  22. 245points

    Rust project goals: Immobile types and guaranteed destructors

    109 comments

  23. 237points

    Ask HN: Who is hiring? (August 2026)

    387 comments

  24. 232points

    AirLLM 70B inference with single 4GB GPU

    84 comments

  25. 214points

    OpenAI's super PAC is funding AI-generated news site attacking industry critics

    106 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2012.01982

    Tensor Data Scattering and the Impossibility of Slicing Theorem

    This paper proposes a standard way to represent sparse tensors. A broad theoretical framework for tensor data scattering methods used in various deep learning frameworks is established. This paper presents a theorem that is very important for performance analysis and accelerator optimization for implementing data scattering. The theorem shows how the impossibility of slicing happens in tensor data scattering. A spars

    Pan, Wuming

  2. arXiv2107.00693

    Inter-Beat Interval Estimation with Tiramisu Model: A Novel Approach with Reduced Error

    Inter-beat interval (IBI) measurement enables estimation of heart-rate variability (HRV) which, in turns, can provide early indication of potential cardiovascular diseases. However, extracting IBIs from noisy signals is challenging since the morphology of the signal is distorted in the presence of the noise. Electrocardiogram (ECG) of a person in heavy motion is highly corrupted with noise, known as motion-artifact,

    Arefeen, Asiful, Akbari, Ali, Mirzadeh, Seyed Iman, Jafari, Roozbeh et al.

  3. arXiv2109.10795

    Neural network relief: a pruning algorithm based on neural activity

    Current deep neural networks (DNNs) are overparameterized and use most of their neuronal connections during inference for each task. The human brain, however, developed specialized regions for different tasks and performs inference with a small fraction of its neuronal connections. We propose an iterative pruning strategy introducing a simple importance-score metric that deactivates unimportant connections, tackling

    Dekhovich, Aleksandr, Tax, David M. J., Sluiter, Marcel H. F., Bessa, Miguel A.

  4. arXiv2209.05838

    SATViz: Real-Time Visualization of Clausal Proofs

    Visual layouts of graphs representing SAT instances can highlight the community structure of SAT instances. The community structure of SAT instances has been associated with both instance hardness and known clause quality heuristics. Our tool SATViz visualizes CNF formulas using the variable interaction graph and a force-directed layout algorithm. With SATViz, clause proofs can be animated to continuously highlight v

    Holzenkamp, Tim, Kuryshev, Kevin, Oltmann, Thomas, Wäldele, Lucas et al.

  5. arXiv2211.11278

    POSSE-kNN: Pathwise Out-of-Bag Selected Subspace Ensembles for Binary Classification

    Nearest neighbour classification is attractive for tabular data, but its performance can deteriorate when a fixed query centred neighbourhood does not follow the local class geometry. This study evaluates POSSE-$k$NN, a pathwise $k$ nearest neighbour ensemble that combines bootstrap sampling, random feature subspaces, out-of-bag (OOB) screening, and selective voting. Within each randomized candidate, pathwise selecti

    Khan, Zardad, Ali, Amjad, Adeed, Najd, Aldahmani, Saeed

  6. arXiv2307.10524

    Beyond Black-Box Advice: Learning-Augmented Algorithms for MDPs with Q-Value Predictions

    We study the tradeoff between consistency and robustness in the context of a single-trajectory time-varying Markov Decision Process (MDP) with untrusted machine-learned advice. Our work departs from the typical approach of treating advice as coming from black-box sources by instead considering a setting where additional information about how the advice is generated is available. We prove a first-of-its-kind consisten

    Li, Tongxin, Lin, Yiheng, Ren, Shaolei, Wierman, Adam

  7. arXiv2308.08794

    Tipping Point Forecasting in Non-Stationary Dynamics on Function Spaces

    Tipping points are abrupt, drastic, and often irreversible changes in the evolution of non-stationary and chaotic dynamical systems. For instance, increased greenhouse gas concentrations are predicted to lead to drastic decreases in low cloud cover, referred to as a climatological tipping point. In this paper, we learn the evolution of such non-stationary dynamical systems using a novel recurrent neural operator (RNO

    Liu-Schiaffini, Miguel, Singer, Clare E., Kovachki, Nikola, Leung, Sze Chai et al.

  8. arXiv2309.02332

    Information Processing by Neuron Populations in the Central Nervous System: A Theory of the Mathematical Structure of Data and Operations

    In the mammalian central nervous system, neurons are organized into populations communicating by spike trains propagating along axonal bundles. How such populations encode and transform information is only partially understood. In this study we introduce a mathematical framework derived from a mechanistic model of a single plastic neuron. Within this framework, an algebra of convex cones can rigorously characterize p

    Nilsson, Martin N. P.

  9. arXiv2401.04890

    Nonparametric Partial Disentanglement via Mechanism Sparsity: Sparse Actions, Interventions and Sparse Temporal Dependencies

    This work introduces a novel principle for disentanglement we call mechanism sparsity regularization, which applies when the latent factors of interest depend sparsely on observed auxiliary variables and/or past latent factors. We propose a representation learning method that induces disentanglement by simultaneously learning the latent factors and the sparse causal graphical model that explains them. We develop a no

    Lachapelle, Sébastien, López, Pau Rodríguez, Sharma, Yash, Everett, Katie et al.

  10. arXiv2403.04937

    Gradient-free neural topology optimization: Towards effective fracture-resistant designs

    Gradient-free optimizers allow for tackling problems regardless of the smoothness or differentiability of their objective function, but they require many more iterations to converge when compared to gradient-based algorithms. This has made them unviable for topology optimization due to the high computational cost per iteration and the high dimensionality of these problems. We propose a gradient-free neural topology o

    Kus, Gawel, Bessa, Miguel A.

  11. arXiv2405.07708

    Communication-Efficient Secure Aggregation in Decentralized Learning

    Decentralized learning (DL) enables participants to collaboratively train models without a central server, yet it faces significant scalability challenges that demand sparsification to reduce the prohibitive communication costs of peer-to-peer exchange. While secure aggregation effectively mitigates privacy risks in standard settings, it has remained fundamentally incompatible with sparsification in decentralized net

    Biswas, Sayan, Kermarrec, Anne-Marie, Pires, Rafael, Sharma, Rishi et al.

  12. arXiv2406.10281

    Watermarking Language Models with Error Correcting Codes

    Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output that are ideally undetectable to humans. We propose a watermarking framework that encodes such signals through an error correcting code. Our method, termed robust binary code (RBC) w

    Chao, Patrick, Sun, Yan, Dobriban, Edgar, Hassani, Hamed

  13. arXiv2407.04521

    Unified continuous-time q-learning for mean-field game and mean-field control problems

    This paper studies the continuous-time q-learning in mean-field jump-diffusion models in a setting where the environment simulator does not provide direct access to the population distribution. We propose the integrated q-function in decoupled form (decoupled Iq-function) and establish its martingale characterization, which provides a unified policy evaluation rule for both mean-field game (MFG) and mean-field contro

    Wei, Xiaoli, Yu, Xiang, Yuan, Fengyi

  14. arXiv2408.03230

    Contrastive Learning for Image Complexity Representation

    Quantifying and evaluating image complexity can be instrumental in enhancing the performance of various computer vision tasks. Supervised learning can effectively learn image complexity features from well-annotated datasets. However, creating such datasets requires expensive manual annotation costs. The models may learn human subjective biases from it. In this work, we introduce the MoCo v2 framework. We utilize cont

    Liu, Shipeng, Zhao, Liang, Chen, Dengfeng, Song, Zhanping

  15. arXiv2408.13843

    Consistent machine learning for topology optimization with microstructure-dependent neural network material models

    Additive manufacturing methods together with topology optimization have enabled the creation of multiscale structures with controlled spatially-varying material microstructure. However, topology optimization or inverse design of such structures in the presence of nonlinearities remains a challenge due to the expense of computational homogenization methods and the complexity of differentiably parameterizing the micros

    Vijayakumaran, Harikrishnan, Russ, Jonathan B., Paulino, Glaucio H., Bessa, Miguel A.

  16. arXiv2411.12011

    SynCoTrain: A Dual Classifier PU-learning Framework for Synthesizability Prediction

    Material discovery is a cornerstone of modern science, driving advancements in diverse disciplines from biomedical technology to climate solutions. Predicting synthesizability, a critical factor in realizing novel materials, remains a complex challenge due to the limitations of traditional heuristics and thermodynamic proxies. While stability metrics such as formation energy offer partial insights, they fail to accou

    Amariamir, Sasan, George, Janine, Benner, Philipp

  17. arXiv2411.13443

    Nonlinear Assimilation via Score-based Sequential Langevin Sampling

    This paper introduces score-based sequential Langevin sampling (SSLS), a novel approach to nonlinear data assimilation within a recursive Bayesian filtering framework. The proposed method decomposes the assimilation process into alternating prediction and update steps, using dynamic models for state prediction and incorporating observational data via score-based Langevin Monte Carlo during the updates. To overcome in

    Ding, Zhao, Duan, Chenguang, Jiao, Yuling, Yang, Jerry Zhijian et al.

  18. arXiv2411.19537

    Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlook

    We survey deepfake generation and detection techniques, covering all deepfake media types: image, video, audio and multimodal content. We identify various kinds of deepfakes and construct taxonomies of deepfake generation and detection methods, illustrating the important groups of methods. Next, we gather datasets used for deepfake detection and provide updated rankings of the best performing detectors on the most po

    Croitoru, Florinel-Alin, Hiji, Andrei-Iulian, Hondru, Vlad, Ristea, Nicolae Catalin et al.

  19. arXiv2501.04426

    Dual-Force: Enhanced Offline Diversity Maximization under Imitation Constraints

    Offline diversity maximization under imitation constraints can transform demonstration data into a set of distinct behavioral policies, improving robustness to distribution shift without additional environment interaction. In practice, however, existing offline approaches often rely on mutual-information objectives that require training a skill discriminator and can become unstable under the non-stationary rewards in

    Kolev, Pavel, Vlastelica, Marin, Martius, Georg

  20. arXiv2501.14917

    Self-reflecting Large Language Models: A Hegelian Dialectical Approach

    In this paper, we introduce a self-reflection framework for Large Language Models (LLMs) grounded in the Hegelian Dialectic, a philosophical method in which an initial proposition is challenged by a generated opposition, and both are reconciled into a unified, more comprehensive idea. We formalize this process as an iterative operator over the space of consistent theories and apply it to two complementary tasks:(i) g

    Abdali, Sara, Solodko, Michael, Goksen, Can, Amizadeh, Saeed et al.

  21. arXiv2502.19135

    Combining Large Language Models and Symbolic Reasoning for Multi-Robot Temporal Planning through Explainable Knowledge Bases

    We present PLANTOR, a framework for generating and executing multi-robot task plans from natural-language task descriptions through LLM-assisted knowledge-base construction. The approach uses large language models to synthesize a structured Prolog knowledge-base, applies consistency checks to detect and repair modeling errors, generates a high-level symbolic plan, refines it into low-level robot actions, and computes

    Saccon, Enrico, Saveriano, Matteo, Lamon, Edoardo, Palopoli, Luigi et al.

  22. arXiv2503.03156

    Dimensionality reduction for homological stability and global structure preservation

    We propose DiRe, a force-directed dimensionality reduction framework designed to preserve global structure and homological features while remaining practical on modern hardware. The method combines an initial embedding with a graph-based layout optimization and evaluates the resulting low-dimensional representation using local distortion, context preservation, and persistent homology measures. Across the benchmark su

    Kolpakov, Alexander, Rivin, Igor

  23. arXiv2503.15225

    Reproducing Human Individual Motor Signatures: A Data-Driven Approach for Repetitive Motion

    The deployment of autonomous virtual avatars (in extended reality) and robots in human group activities---such as rehabilitation therapy, sports, and manufacturing---is expected to increase as these technologies become more pervasive. Designing cognitive architectures and control strategies to drive these agents requires realistic models of human motion. Furthermore, recent research has shown that each person exhibit

    Di Porzio, Angelo, Coraggio, Marco

  24. arXiv2504.05024

    Concept Extraction for Time Series with ECLAD-ts

    Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for time series classification (TSC) are being increasingly used in applications ranging from quality prediction to medical diagnosis. The black box nature of these models makes understanding their prediction process difficult. This issue is crucial because CNNs are prone to learning shortcuts and biases, compromising their robustness and alignment with human expectations. To asse

    Holzapfel, Antonia, Posada-Moreno, Andres Felipe, Trimpe, Sebastian

  25. arXiv2504.08804

    Estimating Item Difficulty Using Large Language Models and Tree-Based Machine Learning Algorithms

    Estimating item difficulty through field-testing is often resource-intensive and time-consuming. As such, there is strong motivation to develop methods that can predict item difficulty at scale using only the item content. Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a new frontier for this goal. The present research examines the feasibility of using an LLM to predict item difficulty for K-5 mathematics and reading assessm

    Razavi, Pooya, Powers, Sonya

On this calendar day 15

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2019year

    A mass shooting occurred at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, killing 23 people and injuring 22 others.

  2. 2009year

    The last vessels involved in Taurus 09, a Royal Navy training deployment covering 20,400 miles (32,800 km), returned to HMNB Devonport, England.

  3. 2005year

    Mauritanian president Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya was overthrown in a military coup while he attended the funeral of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia.

  4. 1997year

    The Sky Tower, then the tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere at 328 m (1,076 ft), opened in Auckland, New Zealand.

  5. 1975year

    A privately chartered Boeing 707 (aircraft involved pictured) struck a mountain peak and crashed near Agadir, Morocco, killing 188.

  6. 1971year

    Fighting Dinosaurs, a fossil specimen featuring a Velociraptor and a Protoceratops in combat, was unearthed in the Djadochta Formation of Mongolia.

  7. 1940year

    World War II: Italian forces began a conquest of British Somaliland, capturing the region in 16 days.

  8. 1936year

    African-American athlete Jesse Owens won the first of his four gold medals at the Berlin Olympics, dashing Nazi leaders' hopes of Aryan domination at the games.

  9. 1929year

    Jiddu Krishnamurti (pictured), believed by some Theosophists to be a likely candidate for the messianic "World Teacher", dissolved the Order of the Star, the organisation established to support him.

  10. 1913year

    An agricultural workers' strike in Wheatland degenerated into a riot, becoming one of the first major farm-labor confrontations in California.

  11. 1903year

    Macedonian rebels in Kruševo established a republic, which existed for ten days before Ottoman forces destroyed the town.

  12. 1857year

    Indian Rebellion: An eight-day siege of a fortified outbuilding in Arrah occupied by 68 defenders against more than 10,000 men ended when a relief party dispersed the besiegers.

  13. 1460year

    James II of Scotland (pictured) was killed by an exploding cannon at Roxburgh Castle.

  14. 1347year

    Hundred Years' War: The French town of Calais capitulated to English forces after an eleven-month siege, ending the Crécy campaign.

  15. 1057year

    Pope Stephen IX was crowned as pope.