28081999.me

Record 02092026 · captured 2026-09-03

Wednesday, 2 September 2026

The world looked up Killing of the Clancy children. 30 tracked subjects, 25 discussions, 25 papers. This record is frozen and will not change.

Complete record JSON

← 2026-09-01 Wednesday, 2 September 2026

Attention 30

What the most people looked up, ranked by Wikipedia pageviews for that day.

  1. 428,824views

    Killing of the Clancy children

    On January 24, 2023, Lindsay Clancy strangled her three children—five-year-old Cora, three-year-old Dawson, and eight-month-old Callan—at the family's home in Duxbury, Massachusetts, United States. She then attempted suicide by cutting her wrists and neck and

  2. 255,041views

    Toxic (2026 film)

    Toxic: A Fairy Tale for Grown-Ups is a 2026 Indian psychological thriller gangster film directed by Geetu Mohandas and jointly produced by Venkat K. Narayana and Yash through KVN Productions and Monster Mind Creations respectively. It stars Yash, Kiara Advani,

  3. 231,824views

    Murder of Tupac Shakur

    On September 7, 1996, at 11:15 p.m. (PDT), Tupac Shakur, a 25-year-old American rapper, was shot in a drive-by shooting in Paradise, Nevada. The shooting occurred when the car carrying Shakur was stopped at a red light at East Flamingo Road and Koval Lane. Sha

  4. 196,567views

    .xyz

    .xyz is a top-level domain name that was proposed in ICANN's new generic top-level domain (gTLD) Program for consisting of the last three letters of the Latin-script alphabet. XYZ.com and CentralNic are the registries for the domain, which was created by entre

  5. 177,111views

    Dolly Parton

    Dolly Rebecca Parton Dean was an American singer-songwriter, actress and businesswoman. Dubbed the "Queen of Country", Parton was one of the most successful country music performers in history. She was also known for her cultural influence and philanthropy, pa

  6. 147,061views

    Tupac Shakur

    Tupac Amaru Shakur, also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor. He was one of the most influential musical artists of the 20th century, and a prominent political activist for Black America. He is among the best-selling mu

  7. 147,009views

    Deaths in 2026

    The following notable deaths occurred in 2026. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence:Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality, what subject was

  8. 135,481views

    Aimee Mann

    Aimee Elizabeth Mann is an American singer-songwriter. She is noted for her sardonic and literate lyrics about dark subjects, often describing underdog characters. She has released ten albums as a solo artist.

  9. 132,524views

    John Ternus

    John Patrick Ternus is an American engineer and business executive who has been the chief executive officer (CEO) of Apple since September 1, 2026. He has also served on the company's board of directors since that date. Ternus joined Apple's product design tea

  10. 104,930views

    Hanuman Ansh

    Hanuman Ansh is a 2026 Indian Hindi-language devotional drama film written, directed and produced by Dr. Vishal Chaturvedi under his banner Swambhu Media Network and is based on his book Divine Detour: That Changed My Life, which chronicles the life of Neem Ka

  11. 102,473views

    Spider-Man: Brand New Day

    Spider-Man: Brand New Day is a 2026 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man. Produced by Columbia Pictures, Marvel Studios, and Pascal Pictures, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing, it is the 38th film in the Marvel Cinem

  12. 97,523views

    The Whisper Man

    The Whisper Man is a 2026 American crime thriller film directed by James Ashcroft and written by Ben Jacoby and Chase Palmer. It is based on the novel of the same name by Alex North and stars Robert De Niro, Michelle Monaghan, and Adam Scott.

  13. 95,426views

    Orlando Anderson

    Orlando Tive "Baby Lane" Anderson was an American gang member and suspected murderer. Anderson had alleged affiliations to the California-based gang known as the South Side Compton Crips. He is suspected to have been the gunman that killed Tupac Shakur in 1996

  14. 87,696views

    Neatsville, Kentucky

    Neatsville is an unincorporated community in Adair County, in the U.S. state of Kentucky. It is located at the junction of Kentucky Route 206 and Kentucky Route 76. Its elevation is 705 feet (215 m). For unknown reasons, the town's name was spelled as Neetsvil

  15. 84,486views

    Coyote vs. Acme

    Coyote vs. Acme is a 2026 American live-action animated legal comedy film directed by Dave Green and written by Samy Burch, who developed the story with James Gunn and Jeremy Slater. Based on the 1990 The New Yorker magazine article "Coyote v. Acme" by Ian Fra

  16. 82,233views

    Wendell Berry

    Wendell Erdman Berry was an American novelist, poet, essayist, environmental activist, cultural critic and farmer. Closely identified with rural Kentucky, Berry developed many of his agrarian themes in the early essays of The Gift of Good Land (1981) and The U

  17. 79,043views

    The Odyssey (2026 film)

    The Odyssey is a 2026 epic action fantasy film written and directed by Christopher Nolan, who produced it with his wife Emma Thomas. An adaptation of Homer's ancient Greek epic poem the Odyssey, it stars an ensemble cast including Matt Damon, Tom Holland, Anne

  18. 78,990views

    Daniel P. Driscoll

    Daniel Patrick Driscoll is an American investment banker and former military officer who served as the United States secretary of the Army from 2025 to 2026. Driscoll additionally served as the acting director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Ex

  19. 78,194views

    List of highest-grossing films

    Films generate income from several revenue streams, including theatrical exhibition, home video, television broadcast rights, and merchandising. However, theatrical box-office earnings are the primary metric for trade publications in assessing the success of a

  20. 75,694views

    Buddy (2026 film)

    Buddy is a 2026 American black comedy supernatural horror film directed by Casper Kelly and written by Kelly and Jamie King. The film stars Cristin Milioti, Delaney Quinn, Patton Oswalt, Clint Howard, Michael Shannon, Topher Grace, and Keegan-Michael Key as th

  21. 74,233views

    Anna's Archive

    Anna's Archive is an open source search engine for shadow libraries that was launched by the pseudonymous Anna shortly after law enforcement efforts to shut down Z-Library in 2022. The site aggregates records from Z-Library, Sci-Hub, and Library Genesis (LibGe

  22. 72,258views

    Stan Kroenke

    Enos Stanley Kroenke is an American billionaire real estate magnate and sports team owner. Through his company Kroenke Sports & Entertainment, he owns Arsenal F.C. of the English Premier League, Arsenal W.F.C. of the English Women's Super League, the Los Angel

  23. 71,488views

    Lanterns (TV series)

    Lanterns is an American superhero television series created by Chris Mundy, Damon Lindelof, and Tom King for HBO, based on the DC Comics Green Lantern characters Hal Jordan and John Stewart. It is the third television series in the DC Universe (DCU). It featur

  24. 69,197views

    Enzo Fernández

    Enzo Jeremías Fernández is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Manchester City and the Argentina national team.

  25. 68,846views

    Suge Knight

    Marion Hugh "Suge" Knight Jr. is an American former record executive who is the co-founder and former CEO of Death Row Records. Knight was a central figure in gangsta rap's commercial success in the 1990s. This feat is attributed to the record label's first tw

  26. 66,590views

    Neem Karoli Baba

    Neem Karoli Baba also known as Neeb Karori Baba and by his followers as Maharaj-ji, was a Hindu guru and devotee of the Hindu deity Hanuman. He was born "Laksman Narayan Sharma" around c. 1900 and died on 11 September 1973.

  27. 64,955views

    Tim Curry

    Timothy James Curry was an English actor and singer who amassed more than 240 credits on screen and stage in a career which spanned nearly 60 years. Curry made his acting debut in the West End production of Hair (1968–1969) and gained wide recognition for port

  28. 64,752views

    2026 Nepal floods

    On the morning of 26 August 2026, a series of flash floods and debris flows destroyed the Gyirong checkpoint on the China–Nepal border and struck dozens of settlements along a 72 km (45 mi) stretch of the Trishuli River in Nepal.

  29. 63,192views

    Haakon VIII

    Haakon VIII is King of Norway, reigning since the death of his father, Harald V, on 28 August 2026.

  30. 61,821views

    Limonene

    Limonene is a slightly yellow-green liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the fragrance and essential oil of citrus fruit peels, taking its name from Italian limone ("lemon").

Frontier 25

What the people building things argued about, from Hacker News.

  1. 1,002points

    Gemini 3.8 Flash and 3.8 Flash Cyber

    567 comments

  2. 702points

    A note on subscription prices from LWN

    143 comments

  3. 560points

    Muse Spark 1.3

    379 comments

  4. 438points

    Can I opt out of my input or output data being used for training?

    194 comments

  5. 406points

    Three sites made 215,128 “best software” pages for AI. Perplexity cites them

    196 comments

  6. 369points

    Google avoids a breakup of its ad tech business

    276 comments

  7. 341points

    Commodore 64 released September 1, 1982

    177 comments

  8. 304points

    True Rate of Unemployment

    341 comments

  9. 289points

    Biggest dark matter detector spots a single weird particle

    99 comments

  10. 287points

    The Emergent Symbolic Structure of Artificial Neural Networks

    105 comments

  11. 273points

    Aging brains blend memories together instead of just forgetting them

    117 comments

  12. 254points

    Exit the Cave

    92 comments

  13. 252points

    I wanna live an NPC life

    214 comments

  14. 238points

    Fable 5.1 World Modeling

    70 comments

  15. 231points

    Dutch central bank moves share of gold from U.S., Canada to London

    231 comments

  16. 223points

    I Don't Have a Smartphone

    212 comments

  17. 193points

    Paint.net 5.2 alpha now runs on Linux

    148 comments

  18. 184points

    GrapheneOS says Pixel 11 has MTE support after all

    149 comments

  19. 173points

    Quasar 438B: Europe's Leading AI Model

    111 comments

  20. 172points

    Mamdani Bans AI in NYC Schools

    137 comments

  21. 167points

    Six curl CVEs after OpenAI and Anthropic came back with zero

    55 comments

  22. 162points

    Check if a file was made with Claude

    123 comments

  23. 158points

    Poisson Disk Sampling

    19 comments

  24. 128points

    Qantas Airbus A380 engine failure in 2010 (2023)

    80 comments

  25. 124points

    A third of Perplexity's citations don't contain the number they're cited for

    47 comments

Research 25

Papers submitted to arXiv cs.AI that day.

  1. arXiv2609.02885

    Discriminative World Models for Web Agents

    Recent web agents use world models for test-time action selection by sampling candidate actions, predicting the resulting web states, and ranking them with a ranker model or a Process Reward Model (PRM). These world models are typically trained via supervised next-state prediction to generate fixed representations like HTML or AXTree snapshots. However, this objective is misaligned with the downstream ranker, which r

    Kelvin Li, Dhruv Pendharkar, Anish Pahilajani, Chuyi Shang et al.

  2. arXiv2609.02861

    Towards Trustworthy Autonomous Robots: An Explainable AI-Based Decision Framework

    Autonomous robots powered by deep learning face a fundamental auditability challenge: when incidents occur, investigators cannot reconstruct why the system made specific decisions. This paper presents TRACE (Transparent Reasoning Architecture for Credible Execution), a decision framework that ensures every autonomous action can be traced back to sensor evidence through documented causal chains. The framework organize

    Cagri Temel

  3. arXiv2609.02849

    Post-Training Language Models for Gold-Medal Performance in Coding Competitions

    Competitive programming has become a key test of large language model reasoning, with international competitions such as IOI and ICPC representing its most challenging settings. We present an end-to-end specialization pipeline combining large-scale problem curation, synthetic reasoning traces, supervised fine-tuning (SFT), and reinforcement learning (RL). Using 22,000 curated problems, we train Nemotron-3-Nano-CC (30

    Aleksander Ficek, Sean Narenthiran, Mehrzad Samadi, Somshubra Majumdar et al.

  4. arXiv2609.02821

    AI Contextual Measurement for Recovering Individual and Group-Level Effects: Validation Against Survey Measures and an Occupational Application

    Researchers increasingly use artificial intelligence to construct measures of social, organizational, and occupational characteristics that are absent from conventional surveys. We propose AICOME, AI COntextual MEasurement, a framework for evaluating whether AI-derived respondent-level measures can recover individual and group-level effects in contextual models. The key idea is that an AI measure constructed at the r

    Wenxin Jiang, Xuyang Wang, Yuxiao Wu

  5. arXiv2609.02805

    Large Language Models (LLMs) for Telecom Root Cause Analysis (RCA): A Structured Reasoning Framework for Evidence-Grounded Diagnosis

    Root cause analysis (RCA) is a critical task in telecom network operations, but diagnosing performance degradations in modern 5G and emerging 6G networks remains challenging due to complex cross-layer dependencies. While large language models (LLMs) offer promising capabilities for reasoning and knowledge integration, directly applying vanilla LLMs to telecom RCA often leads to hallucination, unstable reasoning, and

    Hao Zhou, Mandar Kulkarni, Hao Chen, Yan Xin et al.

  6. arXiv2609.02804

    frb100-40 After Two Decades: An Optimality Certificate and a Preregistered Search Study

    For more than 20 years, the Model-RB benchmark frb100-40 remained an open challenge; since 2014, its public record had stood at 99 of 100 variables. We give a directly checkable 100-vertex independent set for its 4,000-vertex graph. Together with a verified partition into 100 cliques of size 40, the witness proves that the maximum independent-set size is 100 and the minimum vertex-cover size is 3,900. The stochastic

    Onur Uğurlu

  7. arXiv2609.02797

    Dutch Books for Language Models

    People increasingly use language models to support life decisions. Many such decisions involve a probabilistic forecast: How likely is a major life event, a natural disaster, or an economic outcome? Users of language models may implicitly trust that these forecasts fall out of a coherent world model. In this paper, we evaluate the coherence of language model probabilistic forecasts through a procedure that builds on

    Isaiah Andrews, Suproteem Sarkar

  8. arXiv2609.02786

    SafeEvolve: Harness-Policy Co-Evolution from Agent Experience for Safety Alignment

    The performance of LLM-based agents is jointly shaped by the base model and the harness used when interacting with the environment. This exposes them to safety risks in both harmful final responses and multi-step execution trajectories. Existing safety alignment mechanisms often rely on either external harness updates or policy optimization, yet applying either paradigm in isolation fails to bridge runtime control wi

    Qinghua Mao, Wanying Qu, Dadi Guo, Leitao Yuan et al.

  9. arXiv2609.02771

    From Reweighting to Rewriting: Unlocking the Intervention Effects of Influential Samples in Training Data Attribution

    Training data attribution (TDA) aims to identify training examples that shape model behavior, but its intervention value depends on both which examples are selected and how they are modified. Influence functions (IF) estimate behavioral changes under infinitesimal reweighting, yet IF-selected examples often show limited advantages over random selection under conventional weight-based interventions. This raises the qu

    Yuzhang Luo, Chenpeng Wang, Jianhui Chen, Liangming Pan

  10. arXiv2609.02760

    Measurement-Driven Sub-Network Selection for On-Premise Retrieval-Augmented Factory Agents

    On-premise assistants can give factory workers conversational access to machine documentation, but models capable of the task rarely fit shop-floor hardware. We show that after structural compression and retrieval-grounded adaptation, model size is no longer a reliable predictor of adapted answer quality: general capability falls almost linearly with parameter count, while judged retrieval-augmented answer quality do

    Vasileios Rizeakos, Georgios Paisios, Alexandros Machairas, Michael Birbas et al.

  11. arXiv2609.02754

    Untangling the Mechanisms of Misleading Context in Medical Question Answering

    Large language models now answer medical questions with expert-level performance. However, the context these systems act on can be misleading, and misleading context can corrupt a model's medical judgment. To understand how misleading context corrupts this judgment, we examine the model's susceptibility to the context, disclosure of it, mechanism of corrupted reasoning, and monitorability of the decision. On the medi

    Robin Linzmayer, Noémie Elhadad

  12. arXiv2609.02750

    Bilevel Coordinated Reflection: A Game-Theoretic Approach to Multi-Agent LLM Systems

    Multi-agent LLM systems commonly use an orchestrator to decompose a task for a team of workers and then improve through textual reflection. Despite strong empirical results, these systems lack a unified account of coordination, memory improvement, and the role of external verification. We model orchestrator-worker interaction as a bilevel coordination game: under bounded coupling, the workers' local-update game is an

    Yihang Chen, Yuxiang Chen, Yuxuan Huang, Meng Fang et al.

  13. arXiv2609.02749

    Repo-To-Skill: Distilling GitHub Repositories Into AI4AI Skills

    Autonomous agents are beginning to carry out machine-learning (ML) research end to end. These agents combine a model backbone with a harness for planning, execution, memory, and verification, but this architecture still leaves domain-specific know-how outside the agent. We call this missing layer operational knowledge, the know-how that separates knowing a method from making it work. That knowledge is not absent from

    Jianlyu Chen, Yuyang Hu, Hongjin Qian, Jiawei Liu et al.

  14. arXiv2609.02746

    HiPoly: a hierarchical polymer-native AI framework for property prediction and generative design

    Polymeric materials are central to modern technologies, with applications ranging from energy to health and transportation. Although AI has made significant advances in materials discovery, the hierarchical structure of polymers across multiple length scales makes them inherently difficult to represent in a unified and physically meaningful way. Here we introduce HiPoly, a polymer-native AI framework that processes c

    Ge Sun, Gervasio Zaldivar, Yuan Tian, Gustavo Perez Lemus et al.

  15. arXiv2609.02737

    Language Models Can Control Their Own Attention

    Language models spend most of their attention on a small fraction of context, yet they read the entire KV cache to find the few tokens that matter. If the user asks about a previous detail in a 1M-token conversation, global attention layers must scan the full context to generate each token of the reply. A prominent approach mitigates this cost by pre-selecting relevant tokens via lightweight proxy scores, but this ex

    Namgyu Ho, Huzama Ahmad, Woosung Koh, Se-Young Yun et al.

  16. arXiv2609.02731

    RVSD: Retrieval Vision Sparse Decoding for Mitigating Visual Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models

    Large vision-language models have achieved remarkable success in vision-language tasks. However, they remain prone to Visual Hallucinations (VHs), undermining their reliability in real-world applications. Existing solutions typically require curated datasets, additional training, or multi-round decoding, resulting in considerable computational overhead. In this paper, we propose \textbf{RVSD} (\underline{R}etrieval \

    Canjie Liu, Jiawen Kang, Jinbo Wen, Zishao Zhong

  17. arXiv2609.02707

    Door-in-the-Face Requests and Refusal Behaviour in Large Language Models

    Does the door-in-the-face technique work on language models? In humans, a large request that is refused makes a smaller follow-up request more likely to be granted. We test this on nine production models from three providers: each model refuses a large request, then receives a smaller version of the same request, and we compare its compliance with asking directly. The answer depends on the model. On Anthropic's front

    Til Jordan

  18. arXiv2609.02685

    DKL: Decoupled Knowledge Learning for Instruction-Tuned Language Models

    RAG has become the de facto method for incorporating new, corpus-specific knowledge into an instruction following LLM (Instruct LLM). Although RAG-based prompting improves factual grounding, it fails when retrieval is incorrect or incomplete, leading to hallucinations. Finetuning methods such as RAFT and PA-RAG enhance RAG by injecting new knowledge into the model's parameters, but require generating a massive amount

    Kushagra Bhushan, Meghanadh Pulivarthi, Sai Krishna Reddy Sathi, Gaurav Pandey et al.

  19. arXiv2609.02679

    From Tokens to Semantics: Leveraging Complementary Signals for Hallucination Detection in Black-Box LLMs

    When LLMs support public-facing or high-stakes workflows, missed fabrications can harm users and institutions, while false alarms consume limited human-review capacity. When no trusted context or reference document is available, we study two signals accessible through black-box model APIs: semantic entropy, which measures disagreement among sampled response meanings, and uncertainty derived from token log-probabiliti

    Urja Pawar, Rajitha Ramanayake, Owen O'Neill, Nabeel Kemal et al.

  20. arXiv2609.02649

    Loom: Weaving Diagnostic Strands into Free-Text Consensus via Embedding-Space Reweighting

    Aggregating noisy, conflicting textual hypotheses into a reliable consensus is a fundamental challenge when deploying NLP systems in real-world industrial settings. While monolithic Large Language Model (LLM) agents offer unbounded expressivity for tasks like Root Cause Analysis (RCA), they suffer from context limits, compounding hallucinations, and prohibitive inference latency. Traditional weak supervision offers s

    Ron Begleiter, Katya Egert Berg, Gilad Saban, Gil Shabat

  21. arXiv2609.02639

    TaRA: Training-Aware Low-Rank Adaptation Initialization

    Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a de facto standard for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), yet its performance is highly sensitive to initialization due to the information bottleneck imposed by low-rank decomposition. Existing approaches attempt to construct high-quality LoRA initializations by exploiting principal components of pretrained weights, activations, or gradients. However, these methods do not d

    Taehyeon Kim, Eunhyeok Park

  22. arXiv2609.02624

    Automated Vulnerability Injection in Smart Contracts Using Large Language Models

    Assessing vulnerability detection tools for smart contracts requires datasets with known ground truth, yet such datasets are scarce and difficult to build by hand. We propose an approach that uses Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically inject vulnerabilities into Solidity smart contracts, and demonstrate it in a case study targeting 49 vulnerability types from OpenSCV. Injected contracts are validated through

    Luca Migliaccio, Roberto Natella, Naghmeh Ivaki, Nuno Laranjeiro et al.

  23. arXiv2609.02620

    Collective creativity in hybrid societies

    Generative AI is changing how cultural artifacts are created and circulated, and with it our understanding of creativity itself. Researchers disagree about whether these tools enrich or impoverish culture, and we argue that much of that disagreement comes from conflating two distinct components of creativity: novelty, a property of single artifacts, and diversity, a property of populations. We argue further that crea

    Mason Youngblood, Katie Mudd, Manuel Anglada-Tort, Cameron Jones et al.

  24. arXiv2609.02580

    Competitive Market Behavior of LLMs

    Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as economic agents, yet there is little evidence whether LLM agents are suited for participating in market mechanisms designed for humans, and whether these mechanisms deliver desired outcomes when faced with LLM agents. We address this question by replicating seminal economic experiments, replacing human subjects with LLM agents. We place agents in a double auct

    Pawel Struski, Jakub Swistak, Inez Okulska, Przemyslaw Biecek

  25. arXiv2609.02549

    ProbeMatchDTI: Probe-Driven Multi-Scale Biochemical Pattern Matching for Drug-Target Interaction Prediction

    Drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction is an important task in AI-driven drug discovery. Although recent biochemical representation learning methods have improved DTI prediction, their passive feature aggregation tends to favor dominant molecular patterns while suppressing weak yet binding-relevant signals, such as functional groups and residue-context patterns, limiting the modeling of multi-scale biochemical corr

    Quan Hao, Mengyue Fan, Zifan Dong, Youru Li et al.

Who invites agents in 14,770 probes

Origins publishing files written for machines rather than people. Measured against a frozen cohort, so a change in the number means a change in adoption.

SignalWeb head
Tranco top 1,000
n=1,000
Web tail
sampled to rank 100k
n=1,000
AI-native
model & dev platforms
n=110
Any agent-facing signal 11.6% (116)3.3% (33)74.55% (82)
llms.txt (apex domain) 9.3% (93)2.6% (26)59.09% (65)
llms.txt (docs subdomain) 3.8% (38)0.9% (9)41.82% (46)
.well-known/mcp.json 0.6% (6)0.1% (1)7.27% (8)
.well-known/agents.txt 0.2% (2)0.1% (1)0% (0)
ai.txt 0.2% (2)0.1% (1)0% (0)
ai-plugin.json (deprecated) 0.6% (6)0.1% (1)0.91% (1)

On this calendar day 15

Notable events recorded on this day and month across all years.

  1. 2011year

    Bad weather caused a Chilean Air Force aircraft to crash into the Pacific Ocean, killing all 21 people on board.

  2. 1998year

    A fire in the cockpit on Swissair Flight 111, en route from New York City to Geneva, caused the aircraft to crash into the Atlantic Ocean near Canada, killing all 229 people on board.

  3. 1992year

    An earthquake registering 7.7 Mw off the coast of Nicaragua became the first tsunami earthquake to be captured on modern broadband seismic networks.

  4. 1985year

    Hurricane Elena, an unpredictable and damaging tropical cyclone that affected eastern and central portions of the United States Gulf Coast, made landfall near Biloxi, Mississippi, as a Category 3 major hurricane.

  5. 1967year

    Paddy Roy Bates proclaimed HM Fort Roughs, a former World War II Maunsell Sea Fort in the North Sea off the coast of Suffolk, England, as an independent sovereign state: the Principality of Sealand (pictured).

  6. 1957year

    South Vietnamese president Ngô Đình Diệm began an official visit to Australia, the first by a foreign incumbent head of state to the country.

  7. 1946year

    The interim government of India, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, was formed to assist the transition of India from British rule to independence.

  8. 1945year

    On the deck of the U.S. Navy battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay, representatives from the Empire of Japan and the Allied powers signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender , formally ending World War II.

  9. 1912year

    Arthur Rose Eldred became the first person to attain the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America.

  10. 1901year

    U.S. vice president Theodore Roosevelt first publicly used the phrase "speak softly and carry a big stick" (cartoon pictured) at the Minnesota State Fair, describing his philosophy of negotiating peacefully while simultaneously threatening to use military force.

  11. 1885year

    White miners in Rock Springs, Wyoming, attacked Chinese-American immigrants, killing at least 28 Chinese miners and causing approximately $150,000 in property damage.

  12. 1870year

    Franco-Prussian War: Prussian forces captured Napoleon III at the Battle of Sedan, which led to the collapse of the Second French Empire within days.

  13. 1792year

    French Revolution: Due to an overwhelming fear that foreign armies would attack Paris and prisoners would revolt, revolutionaries began the summary execution of more than a thousand prisoners.

  14. 1789year

    The United States Department of the Treasury was founded following financial concerns in the new nation.

  15. 1666year

    A large fire began in London's Pudding Lane and burned for five days, destroying St Paul's Cathedral and the homes of 70,000 of the city's 80,000 inhabitants.